Features
The Vaping Veil: Unmasking the dangers of E-Cigarettes

by Dr B. J. C. Perera
MBBS(Cey), DCH(Cey), DCH(Eng), MD(Paed), MRCP(UK),
FRCP(Edin), FRCP(Lond), FRCPCH(UK), FSLCPaed, FCCP, Hony.
FRCPCH(UK), Hony. FCGP(SL)
Specialist Consultant Paediatrician and Honorary Senior Fellow,
Postgraduate Institute of Medicine, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka.
Joint Editor, Sri Lanka Journal of Child Health and Section Editor, Ceylon Medical Journal
The so-called E-cigarettes come in many shapes and sizes and are known by several different names. They can look like cigarettes, cigars, pipes, pens, and even computer USB flash drives. They are also a fairly new product; a kind of new kid on the block. People sometimes find it hard to figure out what is in these devices and whether they are safe to use. This article is designed to provide some answers to the common questions asked regarding vaping.
E-cigarettes heat a liquid (called e-liquid, e-juice, or vape juice) and turn it into an aerosol or mist, sometimes called a “vapor” or “vapour”. When people use e-cigarettes, they inhale this aerosol into their lungs. The e-liquid in most e-cigarettes has nicotine, the same addictive chemical that is found in regular cigarettes, cigars, and other tobacco products. Nicotine levels are not the same in all types of e-cigarettes. Sometimes, product labels do not list the true nicotine content as well. Some e-cigarette brands have been found to contain nicotine even though they claim to be nicotine-free.
The assertion that vaping is a safe alternative to traditional cigarettes has become a pervasive, and dangerously misleading narrative. While e-cigarettes may lack the visible combustion of tobacco as seen in standard cigarettes, they introduce a complex cocktail of chemicals into the body, posing significant health risks that are, at minimum, comparable to those of smoking. This article aims to dismantle the “safer than thou” myth by examining the scientific evidence surrounding the harmful components of the currently available e-cigarette aerosols and their effects on human health.
Nicotine: The common denominator of addiction and harm
Both traditional cigarettes and e-cigarettes deliver nicotine, a highly addictive substance that plays a central role in the development of dependence. Nicotine’s effects extend far beyond addiction, impacting cardiovascular health, neurological function, and fetal development. There is evidence that nicotine harms the brain development of teenagers and if nicotine is used during pregnancy, it can also cause premature births and low birthweight babies.
Cardiovascular Risks:
Nicotine increases heart rate and blood pressure, constricts blood vessels, and contributes to the formation of arterial plaques or deposits that narrow the lumen. These effects elevate the risk of heart attack, stroke, and peripheral artery disease. While the long-term cardiovascular effects of vaping are still under investigation, studies have shown that e-cigarette usage leads to acute increases in heart rate and blood pressure, similar to those observed with traditional cigarettes. Studies have also shown that e-cigarette users have increased arterial stiffness.
Neurological Effects:
Nicotine affects brain development, particularly in adolescents, whose brains are still maturing. Exposure to nicotine during adolescence can impair cognitive higher functions, including memory, attention, and learning. It also increases the risk of developing mood disorders and addiction to other substances.
Fetal Development:
Nicotine exposure during pregnancy is associated with preterm birth, low birth weight, and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). E-cigarettes are not a safe alternative for pregnant women seeking to quit smoking.
Beyond Nicotine: The toxic cocktail of E-Cigarette aerosols
E-cigarette aerosols contain a complex mixture of chemicals, many of which are known to be harmful.
Carbonyl Compounds: The heating of e-liquid generates carbonyl compounds, including formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acrolein. These substances are known carcinogens and respiratory irritants. Formaldehyde, in particular, is a known human carcinogen and is linked to nasal and nasopharyngeal cancers. Acrolein is a potent irritant that can damage the lungs and contribute to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs): E-cigarette aerosols contain VOCs, such as benzene, toluene, and xylene. These substances are associated with respiratory irritation, neurological damage, and cancer. Benzene, a known carcinogen, is a particular concern.
Heavy Metals: E-cigarette aerosols can contain heavy metals, including nickel, chromium, lead, and cadmium. These metals can accumulate in the body and cause a range of health problems, including respiratory damage, neurological disorders, and cancer. Nickel and chromium are known carcinogens.
Flavouring Chemicals: Flavouring chemicals, such as diacetyl, are added to e-liquids to enhance their appeal. Diacetyl is used to create a buttery flavour. However, it is linked to bronchiolitis obliterans, a severe and irreversible lung disease also known as “popcorn lung.” Other flavouring chemicals, such as cinnamaldehyde and vanillin, can also cause respiratory irritation and inflammation.
Ultrafine Particles: E-cigarette aerosols contain ultrafine particles that can penetrate deep into the lungs, causing inflammation and damage. These particles can trigger asthma attacks and exacerbate existing respiratory conditions. The size of these particles is comparable to those found in cigarette smoke, and their deep lung penetration is a major source of concern.
Propylene Glycol (PG) and Vegetable Glycerine (VG): These are the base fluids in e-liquids. When heated, they can decompose into carbonyl compounds and other harmful substances. PGs can cause respiratory irritation and eye irritation, and VGs can cause lipid pneumonia.
Respiratory Health: A Shared Vulnerability
Both smoking and vaping pose significant risks to respiratory health.
Lung Inflammation and Damage: E-cigarette aerosols can cause inflammation and damage to the airways and lung tissue. Studies have shown that vaping can lead to airway hyperresponsiveness, increased mucus or phlegm production, and impaired lung function. These effects are similar to those observed with traditional cigarette smoking.
EVALI (E-cigarette, or Vaping, product use associated lung injury): The 2019 EVALI outbreak seen primarily in the United States of America and reported from all of its 50 states, highlighted the acute and potentially fatal respiratory risks associated with vaping. The outbreak was linked to vitamin E acetate, a thickening agent used in some e-liquids. However, even without vitamin E acetate, other compounds in e-liquids could also cause severe lung damage.
Increased Risk of Respiratory Infections: Vaping can weaken the immune system, making individuals more susceptible to respiratory infections. Studies have shown that e-cigarette users have an increased risk of developing pneumonia and other respiratory infections.
The Long-Term Unknowns: A real cause for concern
While the short-term health effects of vaping are becoming increasingly clear, the long-term consequences remain largely unknown. The relatively recent emergence of e-cigarettes means that the full extent of their health risks may not be apparent for even several decades. However, the available evidence suggests that vaping is not a harmless activity and that it poses significant health risks.
Cancer Risk: The presence of known carcinogens in e-cigarette aerosols raises concerns about the long-term risk of cancer. While studies on the carcinogenic effects of vaping are still ongoing, the evidence suggests that e-cigarettes may increase the risk of lung cancer and other cancers.
Cardiovascular Disease: The long-term effects of vaping on cardiovascular health are also a concern. Chronic exposure to nicotine and other harmful substances in e-cigarette aerosols may increase the risk of heart disease and stroke over time.
Epilogue: The dreadful illusion of safety
The notion that vaping is a safer alternative to smoking as it is thought to be less harmful is an extremely dangerous misconception. E-cigarettes deliver a complex cocktail of harmful chemicals that pose significant risks to respiratory, cardiovascular, and neurological health. While the long-term effects of vaping are still being investigated, the available evidence suggests that it is not a harmless activity. The “safer” label attached to vaping is a marketing ploy that obscures the true dangers of these products. It is crucial to recognize that vaping is not at all a safe alternative to smoking and that the best way to protect your health is to avoid both traditional cigarettes and e-cigarettes.
Features
Kashmir terror attack underscores need for South Asian stability and amity

The most urgent need for the South Asian region right now, in the wake of the cold-blooded killing by gunmen of nearly 30 local tourists in Indian-administered Kashmir two days back, is the initiation of measures that could ensure regional stability and peace. The state actors that matter most in this situation are India and Pakistan and it would be in the best interests of the region for both countries to stringently refrain from succumbing to knee-jerk reactions in the face of any perceived provocations arising from the bloodshed.
The consequences for the countries concerned and the region could be grave if the terror incident leads to stepped-up friction and hostility between India and Pakistan. Some hardline elements in India, for instance, are on record in the international media as calling on the Indian state to initiate tough military action against Pakistan for the Kashmiri terror in question and a positive response to such urgings could even lead to a new India-Pakistan war.
Those wishing South Asia well are likely to advocate maximum restraint by both states and call for negotiations by them to avert any military stand-offs and conflicts that could prove counter-productive for all quarters concerned. This columnist lends his pen to such advocacy.
Right now in Sri Lanka, nationalistic elements in the country’s South in particular are splitting hairs over an MoU relating to security cooperation Sri Lanka has signed with India. Essentially, the main line of speculation among these sections is that Sri Lanka is coming under the suzerainty of India, so to speak, in the security sphere and would be under its dictates in the handling of its security interests. In the process, these nationalistic sections are giving fresh life to the deep-seated anti-India phobia among sections of the Sri Lankan public. The eventual result will be heightened, irrational hostility towards India among vulnerable, unenlightened Sri Lankans.
Nothing new will be said if the point is made that such irrational fears with respect to India are particularly marked among India’s smaller neighbouring states and their publics. Needless to say, collective fears of this kind only lead to perpetually strained relations between India and her neighbours, resulting in regional disunity, which, of course would not be in South Asia’s best interests.
SAARC is seen as ‘dead’ by some sections in South Asia and its present dysfunctional nature seems to give credence to this belief. Continued friction between India and Pakistan is seen as playing a major role in such inner paralysis and this is, no doubt, the main causative factor in SARRC’s current seeming ineffectiveness.
However, the widespread anti-India phobia referred to needs to be factored in as playing a role in SAARC’s lack of dynamism and ‘life’ as well. If democratic governments go some distance in exorcising such anti-Indianism from their people’s psyches, some progress could be made in restoring SAARC to ‘life’ and the latter could then play a constructive role in defusing India-Pakistan tensions.
It does not follow that if SAARC was ‘alive and well’, security related incidents of the kind that were witnessed in India-administered Kashmir recently would not occur. This is far from being the case, but if SAARC was fully operational, the states concerned would be in possession of the means and channels of resolving the issues that flow from such crises with greater amicability and mutual accommodation.
Accordingly, the South Asian Eight would be acting in their interests by seeking to restore SAARC back to ‘life’. An essential task in this process is the elimination of mutual fear and suspicion among the Eight and the states concerned need to do all that they could to eliminate any fixations and phobias that the countries have in relation to each other.
It does not follow from the foregoing that the SAARC Eight should not broad base their relations and pull back from fostering beneficial ties with extra-regional countries and groupings that have a bearing on their best interests. On the contrary, each SAARC country’s ties need to be wide-ranging and based on the principle that each such state would be a friend to all countries and an enemy of none as long as the latter are well-meaning.
The foregoing sharp focus on SAARC and its fortunes is necessitated by the consideration that the developmental issues in particular facing the region are best resolved by the region itself on the basis of its multiple material and intellectual resources. The grouping should not only be revived but a revisit should also be made to its past programs; particularly those which related to intra-regional conflict resolution. Thus, talking to each other under a new visionary commitment to SAARC collective wellbeing is crucially needed.
On the question of ties with India, it should be perceived by the latter’s smaller neighbours that there is no getting away from the need to foster increasingly closer relations with India, today a number one global power.
This should not amount to these smaller neighbours surrendering their rights and sovereignty to India. Far from it. On the contrary these smaller states should seek to craft mutually beneficial ties with India. It is a question of these small states following a truly Non-aligned foreign policy and using their best diplomatic and political skills to structure their ties with India in a way that would be mutually beneficial. It is up to these neighbours to cultivate the skills needed to meet these major challenges.
Going ahead, it will be in South Asia’s best interests to get SAARC back on its feet once again. If this aim is pursued with visionary zeal and if SAARC amity is sealed once and for all intra-regional friction and enmities could be put to rest. What smaller states should avoid scrupulously is the pitting of extra-regional powers against India and Pakistan in their squabbles with either of the latter. This practice has been pivotal in bringing strife and contention into South Asia and in dividing the region against itself.
Accordingly, the principal challenge facing South Asia is to be imbued once again with the SAARC spirit. The latter spirit’s healing powers need to be made real and enduring. Thus will we have a region truly united in brotherhood and peace.
Features
International schools …in action

The British School in Colombo celebrated the 2025 Sinhala and Tamil New Year with the traditional rites and rituals and customs unique to the island nation, during a special Avurudu Assembly held at the school premises.
Students from all over the world, who are part of The British School in Colombo, gathered to celebrate this joyous event.
The special assembly featured traditional song and dance items from talented performers of both the Junior and Senior Schools.
On this particular day, the teachers and students were invited to attend school in Sri Lankan national costume and, among the traditional rituals celebrated, was the boiling of the milk and the tradition of Ganu-Denu.

Boiling of
the milk
In the meanwhile, a group of swimmers from Lyceum International School, Wattala, visited Australia to participate in the Global-ISE International Swimming Training Programme in Melbourne.
Over the course of 10 days, the swimmers followed an advanced training schedule and attended sessions at the Melbourne Sports and Aquatic Centre (MSAC), Victoria’s Nunawading Swimming Club, and Camberwell Grammar School.
In addition to their training, the group also explored Melbourne, with visits to key landmarks, such as the Parliament House and the Melbourne Cricket Ground (MCG), along with city tours and cultural experiences.

Traditional dance item

Tug-of-war contest

On arrival in Melbourne, Lyceum International School, Wattala, with Sri Lankan officials
Features
Perfect … and healthy

Got a few more beauty tips to give you … for a perfect complexion, or, let’s say, a healthy skin.
* Honey Face Mask:
Take a tablespoon of raw honey and then warm it up by rubbing it with your fingertips. Apply the warm honey all over your face. Let this natural mask stand for about 10 minutes and then wash it off gently with warm water.
* Coconut Milk Face Mask:
You need to squeeze coconut milk out of a grated raw coconut and apply this milk all over your face, including your lips.
(This will help you gain a glowing skin. It is one of the best natural tips for skin care)
* Orange, Lemon, and Yoghurt Moisturiser:
To prepare this moisturiser, you need a tablespoon of orange juice, a tablespoon of lemon juice and a cup of plain yoghurt.
Mix them together and apply the paste all over your face, leaving it as a mask for 10 to 15 minutes. Next, take a damp handkerchief and use it to clean your face.
(This moisturiser brightens the complexion of your skin)
* Cucumber and Lemon:
Apply equal parts of cucumber and lemon juice on your face before taking a bath. Allow it to sit for 10 minutes before rinsing it off. This natural face beauty tip will brighten your skin tone and lighten blemishes if used on a regular basis. The best aspect is that it is appropriate for all skin types!
* Healthy Diet:
Aside from the effective home remedies, there are certain other factors to consider for skin care – and the first of them is your diet. Without the right nutrients, your skin cannot reverse the damage it suffers every day.
Eat fruits that are high in vitamin C because they contain antioxidants.
Adjust your diet to get the right amount of protein and unsaturated fats, as well as fresh green vegetables. All of this provides the right amount of nutrients so your skin can heal and improve itself naturally.
* Sun Protection and Care:
Another thing to keep in mind is not to step out of your home without sunscreen, especially with this awful heat we are experiencing at the moment. The hard rays of the sun can do you more damage than you could ever imagine.
By the way, you can prepare your own sunscreen lotion with glycerin, cucumber juice and rose water. You can also keep this lotion in the fridge.
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