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The Easter attacks and the struggles for justice in Lanka

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By Ruki Fernando

(UCAN)April 21 this year will mark five years since the deadly 2019 Easter Sunday bombings in Sri Lanka. The targets included two Catholic churches in the Archdiocese of Colombo, Zion church in the Eastern province, and three high-end hotels in Colombo.

Around 315 people, including about 40 foreigners and 45 children, were reported to have been killed, making it the biggest post-civil war massacre in Sri Lanka.

The damaged churches and hotels were quickly rebuilt. However, many survivors and families of victims still need medical, emotional, and financial support. Their tears, grief, and pain indicate their lives are far from being rebuilt.

The attacks were by Islamic militants and the aftermath of the attacks saw at least one Muslim man being killed and many Muslim shops and houses destroyed and damaged. Many Muslims were detained unjustly for months and years after the attacks, including women with children.

Among the cases that drew national and international attention was of young Muslim poet and teacher Ahnaf Jazeem, whose poetry had stinging critiques of Muslims responsible for the attacks and moving expressions of solidarity with survivors and victims’ families.

Another was of Muslim lawyer and activist Hejaaz Hizbullah, who had also publicly condemned the Easter attacks.

Asylum seekers and refugees from countries such as Pakistan and Afghanistan who had come here seeking temporary refuge due to persecution in their countries were perceived as Muslims and evicted, re-displaced, and became homeless days after the attacks.

Justice for the Easter attacks must also include justice for them and other forgotten and often ignored victims.

For five years, the Sri Lankan criminal justice system, including investigators, prosecutors, and the judiciary, has not been able to hold those responsible for the attacks accountable. The former secretary to the Ministry of Defense and former Inspector General of Police (IGP) were acquitted in cases filed against them without evidence being called from the defense.

Other criminal cases filed by the attorney-general are still ongoing. Fundamental rights cases filed by some concerned citizens led to the Supreme Court holding the former president and senior officials responsible for not preventing the attacks and ordering them to pay compensation.

The amounts were small compared to previous amounts awarded by the Supreme Court to torture victims and there was no directive to hold anyone criminally responsible.

Fifteen months later, the full amounts ordered by the Supreme Court are yet to be paid. The court had ruled to remove the then-prime minister and current president, Ranil Wickremesinghe, from the case before the judgment, citing presidential immunity.

The Supreme Court had recommended disciplinary action for negligence against Nilantha Jayawardana, the former director of the State Intelligence Services (SIS), but this is yet to happen.

There is no response to the April 2022 police complaint and the May 2022 letter to the police chief demanding his arrest.

A private complaint filed in September 2022 against former president Maithripala Sirisena in the Fort Magistrate Court, alleging that he had failed to discharge his duties as the defense minister is still pending.

Deshabandu Tennakoon, a deputy IGP at that time, was found to have been negligent in preventing the attacks by a Presidential Commission of Inquiry. But instead of holding him accountable, he has been appointed the police chief.

The former attorney-general who initially oversaw investigations had told the media in May 2021 that there was a “grand conspiracy” concerning the Easter attacks.

In March 2022, Cardinal Malcolm Ranjith, the Catholic archbishop of Colombo, told the United Nations Human Rights Council in Geneva that the investigations indicate the massacre was part of a grand political plot.

The UN High Commissioner for Human Rights called for an independent and transparent investigation with international assistance.

A case filed in the United States against three suspects concerning the attacks on charges linked to supporting ISIS remains suspended. As far as I know, no other country has initiated criminal prosecutions although it is the largest massacre of foreign nationals in Sri Lanka during or after the war.

Those seeking truth and justice have faced reprisals.

Last year, police in Negombo tried to stop a protest march and rally demanding justice by seeking a court order, which the acting magistrate refused.

On Easter Sunday last year, police banned the use of banners, black flags, and loudspeakers during a vehicle parade from St. Nicholas Church in Bopitiya to St. Sebastian’s Church in Katuwapitiya (the church most affected by the attacks) demanding truth and justice.

A media report accused three prominent Catholic priests advocating for truth and justice of conspiring against the Catholic archbishop of Colombo.

Shehan Malaka, an outspoken youth activist who publicly made an allegation of political conspiracy, was arrested and although he was released on bail, a case has been filed against him in the Colombo High Court.

Before the Easter attacks, many churches in war-ravaged Jaffna and Mannar Catholic dioceses had been attacked by the armed forces such as Navaly, Gurunagar, Allaipiddy and Pesalei, killing and injuring hundreds of Tamil civilians.

There has been no criminal accountability and adequate compensation for these and many other serious crimes during the three-decade-long war, including the tens of thousands of extrajudicial executions and enforced disappearances.

Amongst the victims are Tamil Catholic priests, such as Father Mary Bastian alleged to have been killed by the army in 1985, Father Jim Brown who disappeared after being last seen at a checkpoint entering a navy-controlled area in 2006, and Father Francis Joseph, who disappeared alongside many others after being seen surrendering to the army at the end of the war in 2009.

During the war, mosques and Buddhist temples were also attacked by the LTTE, leading to hundreds of deaths.

Since the war, Evangelical Christians and people of Islamic and Hindu faiths have also faced persecution in Sri Lanka and there is rarely any accountability.

In the 11 Sundays preceding Easter Sunday in 2019, there were disruptions at Christian church services and at least 13 churches were affected in nine districts. About 35 incidents and about 70 violations against Christians were reported in 2019 before the Easter Sunday attacks.

There are two key challenges in pursuing justice in Sri Lanka. One is to have holistic justice, and the other is to forge a united front in the struggle for justice, both domestically and internationally.

Holistic justice should include truth-seeking and criminal accountability, especially regarding the masterminds. Both are crucial to prevent future such incidents. Justice must also include long-term and adequate reparations, ensuring rights to mental and physical healthcare, education, livelihood, etc., including compensation.

Successive governments and the international community have failed on both fronts. Advocacy of Church leaders and civil society has focused on truth and criminal accountability and less on reparations, despite many survivors and victim families being desperate for them.

The other challenge for Sri Lankans, including the Catholic Church, is to join hands to pursue justice for all survivors and families of victims beyond ethnic, religious, geographical, and other divides.

Advocacy for justice by Tamils has mostly focused on wartime atrocities, and the Sinhalese largely focused on the Easter attacks, economic crimes, and the rule of law.

Around 2012, Cardinal Ranjith opposed international involvement at a time when the then-Catholic bishop of Mannar and Tamil Catholic clergy and others were demanding international involvement in seeking justice for tens of thousands of killings, disappearances, and other crimes during and after the war.

He was quoted as saying, “Such efforts are an insult to the intelligence of the people of Sri Lanka.” But in the last two years, the cardinal has been at the forefront of demanding international involvement in seeking justice for the Easter attacks.

It is now five years since the Easter attacks, 15 years since the end of the war, and two years since the economic crisis prompted massive people protests that ended the corrupt, authoritarian and racist Rajapaksha family’s rule in Sri Lanka.

Presidential and parliamentary elections are due this year and next year, and long overdue local and provincial elections may also be held soon.

A crucial UN Human Rights Council session in Geneva later this year will consider renewing a Sri Lankan accountability project that focuses on evidence gathering.It is time to forge stronger and more united struggles for holistic justice for all Sri Lankans.



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Colombo Law Society objects to judges’ retirement age move

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…Urges President not to undermine public confidence in independence of judiciary

The Colombo Law Society has urged President Anura Kumara Dissanayake not to proceed with any constitutional amendment to extend the retirement age of Supreme Court and Court of Appeal judges, warning that such a move could undermine public confidence in the independence of the judiciary.

In a letter dated July 2, 2026, the Society said its Executive Committee had unanimously resolved to convey its concerns following reports of a proposal to increase the retirement age of judges of the superior courts.

The Society said any amendment affecting the tenure of sitting judges should be approached with caution, adding that public confidence in the independence of the judiciary must be safeguarded.

Full text of the letter: The Executive Committee of the Colombo Law Society, at its duly convened meeting held on 25 June 2026, deliberated extensively on the reported proposal to increase the retirement age of Judges of the Court of Appeal and the Supreme Court.

Having carefully considered the matter, the Executive Committee unanimously resolved to convey its concerns to Your Excellency and to express its support for the position taken by the Bar Association of Sri Lanka in its letter addressed to Your Excellency, dated 25 May, 2026.

The Colombo Law Society recognizes and appreciates the invaluable contribution made by members of the higher judiciary to the administration of justice in Sri Lanka. However, we respectfully take the view that any alteration to the constitutionally established retirement age of Superior Court Judges must be approached with the utmost caution and only after broad consultation with all relevant stakeholders.

The existing retirement ages of Judges of the Court of Appeal and the Supreme Court have remained unchanged since the promulgation of the 1978 Constitution. Any departure from this long-standing constitutional framework, particularly where it affects serving judges, may give rise to public concern and perceptions that could undermine confidence in the independence and impartiality of the judiciary.

The independence of the judiciary is one of the cornerstones of the Rule of Law and democratic governance. Equally important is the public perception of such independence. The judiciary must not only be independent in fact but must also be seen to be independent and free from any appearance of influence or accommodation.

The Colombo Law Society further notes that the number of Judges of both the Court of Appeal and the Supreme Court was increased through constitutional reform in 2020. In those circumstances, questions naturally arise as to whether there exists a compelling institutional necessity to alter the retirement age of Superior Court Judges at this juncture.

We respectfully submit that constitutional amendments relating to the judiciary should be undertaken only after careful consideration of their long-term impact on judicial independence, public confidence, and the constitutional framework of the Republic.

Accordingly, the Colombo Law Society respectfully urges Your Excellency to give the fullest consideration to the concerns expressed by the legal profession and to refrain from proceeding with any constitutional amendment seeking to extend the retirement age of Judges of the Court of Appeal and the Supreme Court.

We remain confident that Your Excellency will continue to uphold and safeguard the independence, integrity, dignity, and public confidence in the judiciary, which remain essential to the preservation of the Rule of Law and democratic governance in Sri Lanka.

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Freedom 250: US Embassy celebrates America’s 250th Independence Day through magic of American cinema

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Fireworks illuminate the Colombo night sky on Thursday as the US Embassy in Sri Lanka commemorated America’s semiquincentennial—the 250th anniversary of the United States’ independence.

The US Embassy in Sri Lanka commemorated America’s semiquincentennial—250 years of independence—with Chief Guest, Minister of Health and Mass Media Nalinda Jayatissa, and hundreds of Sri Lankan partners, government officials, business leaders, diplomats and friends of the United States, at a Freedom 250 celebration honouring the enduring power of freedom through the lens of American cinema. The July 2 celebration highlighted the ideals that have shaped the United States for two and a half centuries—individual liberty, self-government, freedom of expression, and the belief that free people can dream, create, and shape their own future. The Embassy grounds were transformed into an immersive cinematic experience, celebrating how American films have reflected those freedoms while inspiring audiences across generations and around the world, including in Sri Lanka.

Welcoming guests to the celebration, Chargé d’Affaires Jayne Howell reflected on the profound connection between American freedom and cinematic storytelling. “Tonight, we celebrate 250 years of American independence by honouring one of our nation’s greatest gifts to the world—the art of cinema,” she said.

“For more than a century, American filmmakers have used their creative freedom to craft stories that resonate across every border and culture. From the opening of the world’s first dedicated movie theater in New Orleans, in 1896, to the groundbreaking animation of Snow White, from the sweeping epics like The Godfather to the technological marvels of Avatar, Star Wars and Jurassic Park, and classics like The Bridge on the River Kwai—filmed in Sri Lanka and forever linking the island to Hollywood history—our films reflect the very freedoms we celebrate today—the freedom to dream boldly, to question deeply, and to imagine new possibilities.”

CDA Howell continued, “As we share this cinematic journey with our Sri Lankan friends—fellow champions of democracy and freedom—we’re reminded that the best American stories are universal stories. They speak to the courage we see in The Wizard of Oz, the unity we witness in The Avengers, the wonder we experience through E.T., the spirit of exploration and achievement captured in films like Apollo 11, and the resilience we admire in Forrest Gump. Tonight, we celebrate not just American cinema, but the freedom that makes it possible—the freedom to tell any story, to show America at its best and its most complex, and to believe that movies can change how we see ourselves and each other. That freedom is what we honour on this 250th anniversary and the enduring values that will guide us forward.”

The evening opened with a stunning visual spectacle: rooftop screens displayed on the Embassy building celebrating 250 years of American independence and commemorating the signing of the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776. The centerpiece was an open-air screening, under the stars, featuring carefully curated clips that traced American cinema’s evolution—from silent films that established visual storytelling techniques still used today, through Disney’s Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (the first full-length animated feature), The Matrix’s groundbreaking “bullet time” effects, to Christopher Nolan’s The Dark Knight, which redefined superhero cinema as a vehicle for exploring complex questions about justice and society.

The celebration concluded with fireworks illuminating the Colombo sky as the III Marine Expeditionary Force Band, the US Marine Corps’ forward-deployed band in the Indo-Pacific region, based in Okinawa, Japan, performed a montage of American songs that have inspired generations. Guests enjoyed a menu featuring high-quality US beef and other American food and beverages, showcasing the global reputation of American agricultural exports.

As the United States marks 250 years of independence, Freedom 250 celebrates the enduring idea that has defined America since 1776—that freedom unlocks human potential, fuels creativity and innovation, and empowers individuals to shape a better future. Through education, trade, investment, security cooperation, and the enduring ties between our people, the United States and Sri Lanka continue to strengthen a partnership built on opportunity and shared democratic values.

The US Embassy extends its sincere gratitude to the generous sponsors whose support made this year’s Independence Day celebration possible, including Diamond Sponsors Brandix, Hayleys, Hirdaramani, MAS Holdings, Mastercard, RM Parks, and Visa, along with our other valued partners.

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CA dismisses application filed by Yoshitha seeking to quash conspiracy charge in money laundering case

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The Court of Appeal yesterday dismissed a revision application filed by Yoshitha Rajapaksa seeking to quash a conspiracy charge in the money laundering case, pending before the Colombo High Court.

Rajapaksa had challenged the conspiracy count in the indictment filed by the Attorney General, under the Prevention of Money Laundering Act, contending that the charge was not legally maintainable.

A Court of Appeal Bench, comprising Justices Amal Ranaraja and Dr. Sumudu Premachandra, rejected the application, ruling that the conspiracy charge could proceed before the Colombo High Court.

The ruling clears the way for the High Court to continue hearing the money laundering case, filed by the Attorney General against Rajapaksa.

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