Business

The current exchange rate arrangement

Published

4 years ago

2022/06/7

Background, positive impact thus far, and expected outcomes

This note is intended to explain to the general public the background to the current exchange rate arrangement, and the positive impact it has already made, and expected outcomes in the period ahead.

The country is facing extremely challenging economic circumstances at present while it is going through the worst balance of payments crisis in history. The Sri Lanka rupee was subject to tremendous depreciation pressure, amidst the shortage of foreign exchange liquidity in the domestic foreign exchange market, warranting a measured adjustment in the determination of the exchange rate in early March 2022, compared to the level that prevailed in the market amidst concerns about the adverse impact of any large depreciation of the exchange rate on the society. However, the outcome of the exchange rate flexibility that was thereafter allowed following the initial measured adjustment fell short of expectations due to the large overshooting by market forces, reflecting the significant liquidity pressures that prevailed in the domestic foreign exchange market as well as the delay in market correction.

This behaviour of exchange rate since allowing more flexibility in March 2022 suggests the need for careful sequencing of measures when allowing flexibility in exchange rate under balance of payments crisis conditions. Following the excessive depreciation, inflation accelerated significantly through imported prices, while second-round effects of such excessive depreciation on other goods and services were also observed subsequently. Moreover, due to the acute shortage of foreign exchange in the domestic foreign exchange market, along with continuous depreciation of exchange rate, the conversions of foreign exchange by the foreign exchange holders delayed due to expectation of further depreciation and high premium offered in the grey market, thus adding further pressures on the currency. Meanwhile, the demand for foreign exchange in the grey market thrived to part finance rising import demand outside the banking system, causing further pressures on the currency as well as heightening stresses in the banking system.

This significant volatility of the exchange rates drove up the interbank exchange rates as well as customer buying and selling rates in an abrupt nature, causing undue speculation on the currency. Against this backdrop, limiting the extent of depreciation and excessive volatility became necessary. If remained unresolved, such boundless rate of depreciation of the exchange rate could have led to extremely detrimental impact on overall macroeconomic stability, given the severity of the balance of payment crisis that the country is going through at the moment.

Further, during the discussions with the Heads of Treasuries of licensed commercial banks, the need for some guidance to the market from the Central Bank on the degree of volatility of the exchange rate movements was emphasized, while the commercial banks have the prerogative to determine the interbank spot market exchange rate. In consultation with the market players, the Central Bank commenced providing daily guidance on the degree of volatility (with an allowable two-sided variation margin) to all licensed commercial banks from 13 May 2022 based on exchange rate determined in the interbank market on the preceding day. Although this arrangement is often misinterpreted as ‘pegged exchange rate’ regime, there are clear distinctions between the current transitory arrangement and the pegged exchange rate system.

Under the pegged exchange rate regime a fixed middle rate is usually dictated by a central bank, while market driven variable spot rate being considered as the middle rate under the current arrangement. The implementation of this arrangement has brought in a greater stability in the exchange rate determination in both formal market and grey market thus far, while also minimizing excessive margins prevailed in both markets, and the effects of the same are expected to reflect in the exchange rates used for customer transactions.

According to the feedback received from the stakeholders, there exists broader consensus on the current arrangement of the exchange rate, which is market driven with less volatility and more predictability, compared to the earlier arrangement, which experienced excessively volatile of the exchange rate driven more by speculation rather than market forces and economic fundamentals. 3 The Government and the Central Bank implemented several complementary measures, alongside the current exchange rate arrangement, to correct some of the imbalances observed in the external sector, thereby bringing about stability in the domestic foreign exchange market. Restrictions imposed on open accounts and consignment payments terms have helped curtail activity in the grey market, thereby narrowing the gap between the official exchange rate and the grey market rate.

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Business

Steps leading to the achievement of SL’s national interest in IOR

Published

16 hours ago

2026/02/24

Sahan Weerasooriya

Prof. Nobukatsu Kanehera: ‘Rulesbased order violated.’

Sri Lanka needs to build awareness, effective policies and encourage regional multilateral frameworks to develop a multi-pronged approach to secure its national interest and safeguard regional stability in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR), as the region together with its seabed have become an area of strategic competition, former Assistant Chief Cabinet Secretary to former Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe, Prof Nobukatsu Kanehara said.

“The Indian Ocean has been a maritime highway for millennia, with Sri Lanka being a midway point of the flow of trade, culture, technology and intellectual progress, Prof Kanehara said at the 4th Pathfinder Foundation Sri Lanka Indian Ocean Security Council Conference held recently at the Cinnamon Grand Hotel. The forum was presided over by Pathfinder Foundation Sri Lanka Chairman Ambassador (retd.) Dr. Bernard Goonetilleke.

The forum’s purpose was to obtain expert commentary regarding the need for Sri Lanka to ‘up its game’ in the IOR.

Abe said that from the 1870s onwards, the Indian Ocean had become the global communications highway, with the British Empire laying submarine cables from Aden to Mumbai, linking Europe to South Asia.

‘Since then, with the passage of time, Ceylon, and later Sri Lanka, has seen the bulk of the global digital communications umbilical laid through its maritime domain of influence, with over a dozen such cables laid over the island’s Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) thus far, he said.

Prof. Kanehera added: ” With the rise of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and increasing digitisation, such submarine cables have become critical strategic infrastructure for the island nation as well as the region.

‘This timely conference came as world powers rushed to secure critical minerals needed to maintain a technology edge over rivals, both militarily and economically, disrupting the longstanding rules-based order, especially at sea and in trade.

‘The lack of cognition regarding how to understand and navigate the return to a near Cold War era strategic competition in the Indian Ocean, and increasingly in the sub-surface domain and the seabed, among Sri Lanka’s policy making community, bureaucrats and public leaves the economically weakened island nation more vulnerable to geopolitical coercion, shocks and tug-o-war, which will likely increase in the coming decade.’

By Hiran H Senewiratne

Business

Automobile Association of Ceylon donates towards Disaster Relief Support Fund

Published

16 hours ago

2026/02/24

Sahan Weerasooriya

Automobile Association of Ceylon (AAC) donated Rs. 25 Million towards the Disaster Relief Support Fund to assist the Ditwah Cyclone victims.

A donation was handed over to Dr. S N Kumanayake, Secretary to the President of Democratic Socialistic Republic of Sri Lanka by Dhammika Attygalle, President – AAC at the Presidential Secretariat on the 19th February 2026 in the presence of Executive Committee members.

Dhammika Attygalle President AAC (third from Left) handing over the cheque to Dr S N Kumanayake, Secretary to the President of Democratic Socialistic Republic of Sri Lanka.

In the picture L-R Lasitha Gunaratne- EXCO Member – AAC, Devapriya Hettiarachchi – Secretary -AAC, P H Liyanage, P B Kulatunga & Indunil Udaya – Members of the EXCO – AAC

Business

‘Sri Lanka’s first AI-powered digital trainer for Banca partners’

Published

16 hours ago

2026/02/24

Sahan Weerasooriya

A few highlights from the NAVI Launch event.

HNB Assurance PLC recently introduced NAVI, The Digital Trainer, a new AI-powered training companion designed to support its banca staff with instant, reliable access to knowledge, whenever they need it. The solution was unveiled at Partnership Life, the company’s annual forum dedicated to celebrating the performance of its Partnership Channel.

Built to make learning simpler and more accessible, NAVI is a voice-enabled AI chatbot that helps banca staff quickly find product information, policy details, and process-related guidance by drawing from a centralized knowledge bank. Whether on the go or at the point of customer interaction, NAVI ensures that answers are never out of reach.

Sharing his thoughts, Sanesh Fernando, Chief Business Officer / GM – Partnership Channel at HNB Assurance, opined, “With NAVI, our intention is to make learning a part of everyday conversations. By combining chat and voice capabilities, we are making it easier for our officers to learn on demand and perform with greater confidence.” He further noted that it is this continuous focus on meaningful innovation that has consistently set HNB Assurance apart within the bancassurance space. “Solutions like NAVI reflect the way we think and operate as a Partnership Channel. This commitment to enabling our partners and bancassurance officers through practical, forward-thinking initiatives has been a key driver in our journey, one that has seen us being recognized as the Best Life Bancassurance Provider for five consecutive years, while also delivering strong and sustained growth year after year.”

Commenting on the launch, Suneth Jayamanne, Chief Information Officer / GM of HNB Assurance, said, “We see NAVI as a support system rather than a piece of technology. Our Bancassurance officers operate in fast-paced environments and having instant access to the right information can make all the difference. NAVI is about helping our people feel more prepared, more confident, and more connected to the knowledge they need to serve customers better.”

The launch of NAVI was marked by an engaging reveal featuring an AI-generated avatar that introduced the digital trainer and its capabilities, symbolizing a shift towards a more intuitive and people-friendly approach to learning.

As HNB Assurance continues to expand its Partnership Channel, innovations such as NAVI highlights the company’s focus on building strong, well-supported partnerships, blending technology with a deep understanding of how people learn, and work.

HNB Assurance PLC (HNBA) is one of the fastest growing Insurance Companies in Sri Lanka with a network of 79 branches. HNBA is a Life Insurance company with a rating of ‘A’ (lka) by Fitch Ratings Lanka for ‘National Insurer Financial Strength Rating’. Following the introduction of the segregation rules by the Insurance Regulator, HNB General Insurance Limited (HNBGI) was created and commenced its operations in January 2015; HNBGI continues to specialize in motor, non-motor and Takaful insurance solutions and is a fully owned subsidiary of HNB Assurance PLC. HNB General Insurance has been assigned a ‘National Insurer Financial Strength Rating’ of ‘A’ (lka) by Fitch Ratings Lanka Limited. HNBA is rated within the Top 100 brands and Top 100 companies in Sri Lanka by LMD and HNB Assurance has won international awards for Brand Excellence, Digital Marketing and HR Excellence including the Great Place To Work® Certification, and won many awards for its Annual Reports at award ceremonies organized by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of Sri Lanka.