Features
Sri Lanka’s development and big businesses
Anila Dias Bandaranaike, Ph.D.
There is universal agreement that Sri Lanka is in an economic mess on several fronts. Even those in government, playing ostrich until recently, are beginning to articulate this reality. We cannot get out of this mess in a hurry. It will take prioritisation, commitment and time. It will require government, Big Businesses, small businesses and the people, working together in the national interest, to pull us out of it. As to whether that will happen, remains to be seen.
Qualified professionals with knowledge, acumen and experience, have spoken and written in the public domain on addressing our macro-economic problems – slow economic growth, low government revenue, wasteful expenditure, misaligned interest, exchange and tax rates and parlous levels of foreign earnings, reserves and debt. Some have suggested a clear macro-economic path to start the recovery process with debt restructuring. Is anyone listening?
Development Goals vs. Indicators
When the mess gets critical, we lose sight of the forest for the trees. We forget what these economic terms (trees) and statistics are really about. So, focussing on the forest, this article attempts to connect those terms to the human and environmental aspect of this mess.
Sri Lanka has 2 key resources – its people and its environment.
In that context, economic indicators used to measure development – GDP, FDI, export earnings, inflation, exchange and interest rates, foreign reserves and debt – are merely means to an end. That end goal is to improve human well-being, through sustainable development, which protects the environment for future well-being. Economic indicators are just measures of whether Sri Lanka provides adequate jobs, incomes and domestic and foreign goods and services, at reasonable prices, to its people, to improve their well-being. In that process, if all goes well, corporates grow their businesses and shareholders get better returns on their investments.
However, all households have to earn living wages to feed, clothe, house and educate their families and keep secure and healthy. If the majority are struggling to make ends meet, they will leave Sri Lanka, or take to the streets, or plunder the environment for short term gains. Then, businesses suffer from labour shortages, strikes and social instability, governments from low revenue and overall instability and everyone from environmental degradation and inadequate goods and services for their well-being.
In addition to the problems identified by economic indicators (trees), focussing on the forest conveys that Sri Lanka has two more problems. First is Sri Lanka’s severe brain drain. Professionals, skilled and unskilled workers are leaving the country in frustration and despair. Second is under-valuing our fragile biodiversity, resulting in ill-conceived projects destroying it all over Sri Lanka? One example is the Minneriya “Gathering” of elephants. This can earn massive tourism dollars.
Currently however, high water levels, from excess water being diverted from the Moragahakanda irrigation project into Minneriya tank, threatens the “Gathering”. Tourism earnings and other economic benefits from the “Gathering” are estimated to be several orders of magnitude higher than from the irrigation project’s agricultural output. Does government care? Reducing Sri Lanka’s spectacular St. Clair’s waterfall to a trickle, for hydropower, is another example.
So, just as important as regaining macro-economic stability, is the need to value and grow our human and environmental resources.
Environmental Resources
We must recognise and prioritise our incredible marine life, beaches, rainforests, mangroves, wetlands, water-bodies, and the flora and fauna they hold. We must protect them from ill-conceived and damaging construction, landfills, waste-dumping and sand-mining, as well as from over-using, poaching, illicit-logging and deforestation.
Let’s take tourism as an example. Sri Lanka has two strong competitive advantages. First, its biodiversity, just described. Second, its diverse, sophisticated, cuisine – upcountry and low country Sinhala; Northern, Eastern and upcountry Tamil; and Muslim, Malay and Burgher specialities. However, most roads leading to our environmental and culinary treasures cannot handle large coachloads. So, we should target tourist earnings, rather than numbers, and strategise to attract smaller numbers of high-end, high-spending tourists, who love nature, food and new experiences. We should show-case and promote our unique, local cuisine and brews, rather than serve them imported cheese, salmon and wines, which they can get elsewhere. That way, we raise value addition, reduce imports and promote backward linkages.
Innovative entrepreneurs, including foreigners who operate under the radar, are doing just that – offering community and nature-based tourism and local food, from small, exclusive hideaways, at various price levels. But what of our corporates? They build large hotels in resort areas, catering to coachloads of two-week package holidays for Europe’s low-spending workers. When bombs, tsunamis and pandemics occurred, they begged a debt-riddled government for handouts to recoup their ill-thought investments.
Our wild life parks suffer from irresponsible over-crowding and undisciplined safari vehicles. Yet, has the collective corporate voice raised these issues adequately? Government has even sanctioned baby elephants in private captivity for the influential, with little protest from collective Big Business. Tourism is one example, among many.
Human Resources
We urgently need labour market and education system reforms. Labour market reforms must address labour shortages, low wages and inflexible labour laws that hurt both employers and employees. Big Business has not put adequate collective effort into reforming archaic labour laws for longer term benefits, rather choosing, with a short-term horizon, to forever work around them. Education system reforms must address inadequate skills in problem-solving, in language and communication, and in computer use. Big Businesses complain about employee quality, but only some put their money where their mouth is.
Let’s take private company wages as an example. Salaries of the few who meteorically rise, are phenomenal. But for the bulk of qualified young executives, salaries are just about enough to live with their parents and take public transport to work. Can we blame brain drain to greener pastures? What about cutbacks during the pandemic? Many businesses were hit by it. But some – health care, online consumer sales and other online activities – thrived. Although social life was curtailed, none at high income levels suffered any material change in their levels of creature comfort. The worst hit were lower income workers, especially daily wage earners. Some had no work and no income at all. Yet, some big companies, even those which thrived, prioritised their bottom lines, and cut wages and benefits to the most vulnerable.
Big Businesses changing gear and thinking in the longer- term interests of their human resources could mean less focus on the immediate bottom line, as well as paying higher non-regressive taxes and higher living wages, training costs and social security benefits to their employees, if they wish to retain them. There is no easy way out.
Big Business Input
Published national data, on the output and employment structure of the Sri Lankan economy, show that large formal businesses total less than half of Sri Lanka’s economic output and about a third of employment. However, their collective voice wields much more influence than their share of those pies. Government and Big Business need each other to survive and to move forward for their own and the national interest. Hence, the collective voice of Big Business can, if they choose to do so, push for better governance and informed investment and development decisions.
But do they? The last 2021 Budget was clearly a disaster, and later proved itself so. However, at a public webinar, along with corporate leaders, a senior EDB official praised it highly. Yet, he resigned his post very soon thereafter. I was once at a formal reception of big business leaders, where some, who had been poking fun at the Central Bank Governor, fawned over him when he joined their group. I may not have agreed with the Governor’s policies, but he did not deserve such blatant hypocrisy. In the last 15 years, I have not seen the Chambers take a strong collective stand against any ill-conceived government decision on any issue.
One example was the Act allowing government takeover of “Non-Performing” companies. Another is the current foreign exchange debacle. The Central Bank Governor cited exporters not converting their earnings to rupees as the reason why banks are facing exchange shortages which, in turn, affects their ability to open LCs. Export groups publicly denied these allegations, but none bluntly stated the real reason – Central Bank’s unofficial directive to banks to artificially hold the exchange rate at Rs. 203/dollar, when it should be much higher! This ill-conceived directive has also affected migrant worker remittances to Sri Lanka. They now resort to alternate unofficial mechanisms to ensure a realistic conversion rate for their hard-earned dollars sent to Sri Lanka. Will business Chambers speak out, before the Governor cites migrant workers too, like exporters, of being unpatriotic?
If Sri Lanka is to get out of this mess, there has to be a paradigm shift in thinking and action among the Big Business community, away from rent-seeking, to pushing for longer-term collective development that will benefit, not just them, but all stakeholders. Straight talk from Big Business may be the only way to get governments to listen and act. If companies fear to speak out individually because of retaliation from government, they must do so collectively, disagreeing and providing constructive criticism, when necessary, through their various Chambers and other business groups. No government can penalise Big Business working together, without detrimental consequences to itself.
Sri Lanka should focus, in the shorter term, on macro-economic stability, and, as importantly, in the longer term, on safeguarding and growing our human and environmental resources. The Big Business community must collectively push for this, in their own longer-term interests.
The “Road Map” presented recently for Sri Lanka to get out of this mess, was definitely a map – it showed us ALL roads to ALL places. Its presentation of 85 colourful slides, each crammed with graphs, charts and words, only conveyed utter, obfuscating, confusion. If meant to show the way forward, 20 succinct slides could have done it. I sympathise with the officers who were commissioned to prepare that “Road Map”. I hope members of the Big Business community, including business chambers and relevant organisations, will use their influential, collective voice for some straight talk, to help the architects of that “Road Map” find their way back into the light and lead Sri Lanka out of the darkness we are currently in.
(The author retired as Assistant Governor of the Central Bank of Sri Lanka (CBSL) in 2007. As Director of Statistics, CBSL, she spearheaded the compilation of Provincial GDP data and the collection of survey data on living conditions in all nine provinces, following a lapse of 20 years since 1983. From 2015 to 2020, she was a member of the three-member Independent Delimitation Commission)
Features
Combining local resources,traditional knowledge and science to build a food-secure Sri Lanka
World Food Day 2026: Innovating today for a better food future
by Dr. Kaushalya Wijayasekara
What will be on the Sri Lankan dinner table ten years from now? Will our children be able to get nutritious food at a price their families can afford? Will farmers be able to grow enough despite changing weather and rising costs? And how much of the food we produce will actually reach the consumer, instead of being lost or wasted along the way?
These questions can’t wait. A farmer faces unpredictable weather. A family faces rising food costs. Fruit goes unsold after a good harvest. Some children do not get enough nutrition. The future of food is tied to the future of Sri Lanka itself.
World Food Day 2026 is a chance to look beyond the immediate problems and ask whether we can build a food system that feeds our people well, gives farmers better opportunities, protects the environment and makes better use of what we already have. The answer can be yes, but we will have to think differently.
We are not starting from zero. Sri Lanka has diverse crops, fisheries, traditional food knowledge, indigenous varieties, research institutions, universities and a young generation able to create new solutions. What we need is to bring these together and act. Producing more will not secure our food future on its own. It will depend on how intelligently we produce, process, preserve, distribute and consume food.
Making more of what we already have
Innovation does not always mean inventing something new. Often it means finding better uses for the resources we have.
Sri Lanka grows traditional rice varieties, kurakkan, green gram, cowpea, jackfruit, breadfruit, cassava, sweet potato, coconut and palmyrah. All of them have great potential for modern, nutritious, value-added foods. Jackfruit and breadfruit can be made into flour and other convenient products. Traditional rice varieties can go into new foods that suit changing consumer needs. Palmyrah, with its strong cultural heritage, can create new income through better processing, packaging, quality assurance and market development.
The aim is to connect our traditional food knowledge with modern consumer needs and technology, while keeping our food heritage.
Stop wasting the food we produce
Reducing food loss and waste should be a major priority. Seasonal fruits such as mango, banana, papaya and pineapple can be lost in large quantities when production exceeds demand or when storage, transport and processing facilities are inadequate. With suitable technology, these fruits can become dried products, pulps, powders, beverages and other shelf-stable foods.
Agricultural and fisheries by-products are resources too. They could be turned into food ingredients, animal feed, bio-based products and other useful materials, which would move us toward a more circular food economy.
Technology alone is not enough. We need stronger local processing facilities, cold storage, efficient transport, collection centres and market information systems, especially close to where food is produced. Cutting food loss raises the value of what our farmers and fishers already produce.
Nutrition and food safety come first
Food security means more than having enough food. People also need food that is safe and nutritious.
Sri Lanka can develop affordable, nutritious foods from local pulses, grains, vegetables, fruits and fish. Children and other vulnerable groups should get particular attention. Schoolchildren in particular deserve a focus: safe, nutritious, locally sourced products for school feeding programs would support child nutrition, local farmers and domestic food industries at the same time.
Food safety must stay at the centre of food innovation. Good hygiene, quality control, laboratory testing, traceability and appropriate food safety systems are what make new products safe as well as attractive and nutritious.
A food system that can cope with climate change
Climate change is already affecting agricultural production, water availability, crop yields and food prices. We need food systems that can handle changing conditions. That means climate-resilient crops, efficient water use, soil and water conservation, better storage and resource-efficient food processing.
Traditional knowledge matters here. Generations of Sri Lankan farmers have developed practices suited to local climates and ecosystems. Combining that experience with modern science can give us solutions that fit local conditions and are sustainable. Technology alone will not build the future of food. Science, experience and local knowledge together can.
Give young people a bigger role
Sri Lanka’s universities have an important part to play in shaping our food future. Young people should be encouraged to identify real problems in the food system and work on practical solutions in areas such as food waste, sustainable packaging, nutrition, food safety, modernising traditional foods and digital technologies.
A good research project should not always end as a research paper. Where appropriate, research should be supported to move on to products, technologies, enterprises and community solutions. That needs stronger partnerships between universities and industry, along with mentoring, research funding, business support and market connections. If young researchers and entrepreneurs can turn their ideas into viable food innovations, both consumers and producers will benefit.
A pathway designed for Sri Lanka
We do not need to copy food-system models from other countries. We can build a pathway that suits our own resources, culture and needs. It would bring together local resources, traditional knowledge, scientific research, appropriate technology and entrepreneurship, with farmers, fishers, universities, research institutions, food industries, entrepreneurs and policymakers working side by side.
The goal goes beyond selling raw materials. We need to create more value, reduce waste, improve nutrition, generate jobs and strengthen rural livelihoods. This matters especially for small and medium-scale food enterprises, which can drive local economic development when they get the right technical, financial and market support.
The choices we make today
The food future will not create itself. It will be shaped by what we grow, what we research, what we process, what we consume and what we choose not to waste.
So, the question for World Food Day 2026 is this: what can we do today so that every Sri Lankan has safe, nutritious, affordable and sustainable food tomorrow?
The answers are already around us, in our farms, fisheries, food businesses, universities, laboratories and communities. We have the resources, the traditional knowledge, the scientific expertise and talented young people. What we need now is to connect them and act.
A better food future begins with the choices we make today.
Dr. Kaushalya Wijayasekara
Senior Lecturer, Department of Biosystems Technology, Faculty of Technology, University of Ruhuna
Features
20th Anniversary of Digampathana blast – the day Sri Lanka Navy cried
By Admiral Ravindra C Wijegunaratne
WV, RWP and Bar, RSP, VSV, USP, NI (M) (Pakistan), ndc, psn, Bsc
(Hons) (War Studies) (Karachi) MPhil (Madras)
Former Navy Commander and Former Chief of Defence Staff
Former Chairman, Trincomalee Petroleum Terminals Ltd
Former Managing Director Ceylon Petroleum Corporation
Former High Commissioner to Pakistan
The Digampathana suicide truck attack on 16th October 2006 remains the deadliest single strike in Sri Lanka Navy history, leaving scars that time cannot erase.
It was a seemingly ordinary Monday morning on 16 October 2006, but the calm of that day would soon be shattered in a way none of us could have imagined. As the Commandant of the Naval and Maritime Academy and Flag Officer Commanding Naval Fleet at Trincomalee, I was aware that a number of my cadets were travelling that morning, part of a convoy of fifteen buses carrying naval personnel from Trincomalee, Colombo, and other bases, heading toward Dambulla to rendezvous with another group. The convoy also included trucks and escort vehicles, a routine movement planned and coordinated with the army to ensure the roads were clear. The morning started quietly. Some personnel greeted friends, handed over their weapons, or strolled to a nearby tea shop. It all seemed so ordinary—too ordinary for what would come next.

Sri Lanka Navy sunk LTTE Ships carrying arms, ammunition and warlike materials thousand miles away from Sri Lanka in Indian Ocean in September and October 2007.
By late morning, both convoys had reached the small ground at Digampathana, near the Sigiriya junction, and personnel mingled briefly, unaware that a carefully orchestrated act of terror was waiting. Then, suddenly, an empty half-truck veered directly into the convoy. It exploded with a ferocity I can still recall as if it were yesterday. Nuts, bolts, and high explosives tore through the air. Pandemonium erupted instantly. I later learned that 107 of our naval personnel were killed on the spot and another 153 critically injured. The scene was indescribable—bodies scattered, vehicles mangled, personal effects strewn across the ground. I remember later hearing that the head of the suicide bomber was recovered more than 100 meters away from the blast, a grim testament to the sheer force of the explosion.
I was in my office at the Naval and Maritime Academy when my mobile phone rang. A young midshipman from the 21st intake called, his voice trembling: “Sir, there was a huge explosion at the convoy point! Many are dead … my batch mate Wijesundara is among them.” I immediately jumped into my jeep with my escort Chief Petty Officer and driver and rushed to Digampathana, relying on every ounce of my driving skill to reach the scene. The journey, which usually took little more than an hour, felt endless that day, each passing mile weighed down by dread.
When I arrived, I was confronted with a sight that no training can prepare you for. The injured were being rushed to Dambulla Hospital, where doctors and nurses worked tirelessly, improvising in ways that saved lives despite the overwhelming chaos. I went back to the site after visiting the hospital. The remains of our naval personnel were scattered across the ground, and someone had begun collecting weapons and protective gear. I immediately contacted Surgeon Rear Admiral Nico Jayasekara and received his instructions: collect all body parts in separate bags and transport them to the Trincomalee Naval Hospital mortuary. This gruesome work had to be done with care and dignity, and it filled the icebox in my vehicle. Through DNA testing initiated by Rear Admiral Nico, we were able to identify every naval personnel lost that day, bringing some closure to grieving families.
The Navy Commander at the time, Vice Admiral Wasantha Karannagoda, was devastated. I had worked closely with him and knew how deeply he cared for his men. He ensured that the fallen were honoured with full ceremonial naval funerals at Welisara Naval Base, attended by families and comrades. Sixty-seven funerals were conducted in a single day—a number that still haunts me.
The Digampathana attack remains the largest single loss of naval life in our history. It was a day of sorrow, but also a day that reinforced our resolve. The tragedy galvanized the Navy to target the LTTE Sea Tiger wing with renewed determination and reshaped our maritime operations forever. Every time I think of that day, I remember not just the lives lost, but the courage, professionalism, and dedication of those who survived, those who treated the injured, and those who ensured the fallen were honored properly. May the souls of our naval hero’s rest in peace, their sacrifice guiding us and inspiring generations of naval personnel to come.
Features
‘Murder at Whitby Abbey’
Tales of Mystery and Suspense – 24
I was intrigued by the title of a book I found in a book drop at the condominium of a friend, Murder at Whitby Abbey, and I brought it home with me though I will not be able to return it in the near future. It was described on the cover page as ‘a standout in the crowded medieval mystery field’, though I fear I do not know of other books in this field, apart from the Cadfael series, which I have dealt with earlier.
The book, by Cassandra Clark, is set during the reign of Richard II and has as a backdrop his precarious position, which led to his being replaced, and murdered, by his cousin Henry, who reigned as Henry IV. It is a gloomy book, the action taking place in the twelve days of Christmas leading up to the Epiphany. And the gloom is pervasive, even though this is supposed to be a time of festivity, with mummers performing, and many of those in the guest house where the heroine stays going to town to enjoy themselves, with much drinking and much music, which also fills the guesthouse.
The heroine Hildegarde is a nun, sent to try to acquire a relic being sold by Whitby Abbey, though this was also a penance set by the Abbot of the monastery that governed her abbess because she had had sex with a man. Soon after she and her companions reach the Abbey set high on a cliff, she finds that there are other bidders, and soon suspects that the hierarchy, not perhaps the Abbot who seems a weakling, but his rapacious bursar, is determined to make money, and not above creating false relics to sell to several aspirants.
After Hildegarde and her Cistercian companions – Whitby is a Benedictine Foundation – two monks, Gregory and Egbert, and a young priest Mark, reach the abbey, they find that Aelwyn, a monk they had met on their way to the guesthouse had died. This was in the apple store, and they realize, when they find the surplices of novices stuffed into the air vents, that he had been left to suffocate in the overwhelming scent of apples.
The Cistercians are asked to look into the death, perhaps because they are likely to get no cooperation from the Abbey folk, but perhaps because those in charge are keen to know what happened. And the infirmarer, an old monk, suggests Hildegarde talk to a man called Edred who worked for the bursar, and had been a friend of Aelwyn’s. But Edred too is killed, before he can keep an appointment he had made with Hildegarde, drowned in a pool near the farmhouse of the Abbey.
Meanwhile tensions arise between the fisherfolk and the abbey for the bursar wants to charge them for using the beach that technically belongs to the abbey to dry their fish and their nets. This leads to physical battles, when the guards used by the abbey, under the command it seems of the bursar whose determination to make money is not resisted by the abbot and the prior, try to storm the area where the fishermen live.
Hildegard finds out more about what had happened through two youngsters, one of whom Torold is the son of Aelwyn by a woman who worked as a prostitute for a cartel, and with whom Mark fell in love. The other works on the farm and had seen Edred meet someone near the pool, after which that someone left the place by himself. And the boy had also found in the pool a sort of dagger with the seal of the abbey.
He and his dog, and Torold who follows her, rescue Hildegarde from a man at arms who has waylaid her and tries to rape her earlier. Escaping into the abbey she was nearly been raped then by the bursar, but she managed to escape, in the process setting fire to him and the muniments room, which led, when he was rescued, to the discovery of a box with the money he said had been stolen, blame being cast on both Aelwyn and Edred.
Matters come to a head when the fisherfolk try to storm the abbey, being resisted by the men at arms stationed on the towers. But then Hildegarde realizes that behind the murders was the bursar’s clerk, whom she pursued to the cathedral. There is great drama then as she escapes from him when he tries to kill her, and then from the man at arms who had tried to both rape and kill her, but they both fall from the scaffolding she had climbed, the latter coming from a tower where he had been stationed.
Both of them think they run the rapacity of the abbey, the latter claiming to work for the nobles opposed to Richard, who is presented throughout the book as devoted to his subjects, not to power or money. But though the villains die, the bursar continues, having got over the hysteria the fire had caused and his acknowledgment then of guilt – and though the abbot and the prior seem less vicious, whether they will be able to assert themselves is questionable.
Before the climax, when the others in the guesthouse were leaving, Hildegarde found that two of them were in possession of the relic, for which they seem to have paid well. Hildegarde herself had made a derisory offer, but before she leaves the abbot gives her the relic, perhaps in gratitude for what she and her fellow Cistercians had discovered, the abbey having made as much money as it needed and more from the gullible other buyers.
Mark’s inamorata is saved from the stews because she moves in with Edred’s widow whom the bursar had thrown out of the rooms he occupied when her husband was found dead. Hildegarde had paid for lodgings, in a house run by the man who ran the brothels, but he had a kindly side and was going to finance them to make nets for the fishermen.
So, the Cistercians set off for their home as swiftly as they can to get there on the day of the Epiphany, having stopped en route to pray for King Richard whose birthday it was.
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