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Rise of digital media in Lanka democratises news but raises ethical concerns, says IFJ
The IFJ’s South Asia Press Freedom Report for 2024-2025 (SAPFR 24-25), Frontline Democracy: Media Amid Political Churn, breaks down the complexities and challenges of an industry that is endeavouring to find level footing and steady ground in democratic spaces riven by political challenges and massive economic and civil disruption from May 1, 2024, to April 30, 2025. Produced with support from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO), Norsk Journalistlag (NJ), European Commission (EC), and National Endowment for Democracy (NED), the report showcases how the ongoing collapse of revenue streams and the fact that too many media houses remain compromised and over reliant on revenue from government advertising, means that too many journalists also remain unpaid while still working.
The report in its chapter on Sri Lanka says: The adoption of technology and the rise of digital media start-ups has democratised the media space but also brought in its wake ethical dilemmas and questions on professionalism. During the period under review, there were several instances when court notified digital platforms to exercise caution and to desist from spreading falsehoods or inciting violence…The digitisation of media has thrown up its own challenges. Driven by immediacy, audience engagement and reach, the information landscape has become further blurred, demanding more concerted efforts by fact-checking organisations. Professionalism of many digital media platforms have given rise to serious concerns and triggered action by authorities, including several arrests. In the rush to reach wider audiences instantly, some channels have become vehicles driving disinformation and hate, promoters of toxic masculinity, gendered attacks and privacy violations. This has also fuelled arguments in support of Online Safety Act and other repressive laws. Meanwhile, awareness creation programmes for journalists on identifying and dealing with misleading content were carried out, a dire need in a country that lacks sufficient media literacy.”
The IFJ recorded a total of 250 media rights violations in the period, including the targeted killings of 20 journalists and media workers. This is a dramatic increased from the eight deaths reported in the 2023-24 period. Journalists across the region faced attacks, arrests, and detention with at least 70 media professionals jailed or detained, and over 190 assaulted, threatened, or harassed, often by law enforcement. At the time of publication, at least 19 journalists remain behind bars.
With critical elections occurring in India and Sri Lanka, and a violent transition of power in Bangladesh arising out of the student-led protests against Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina, this period was characterised by breaches of the state apparatus against independent journalists and freedom of expression. Political and religious divides have placed a target on the media sector, as journalists struggled to operate independently of partial political conditions. As democratic tents falter across South Asia, access to information and impunity for crimes against journalists witnessed setbacks, and the sustainability of free press has suffered.
Unprecedented hinderances on freedom of expression in Afghanistan, the undemocratic polarisation of news across all South Asian nations, and the rise of Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools and misinformation in newsrooms are some of the many threats journalists must navigate within their sector.
Despite these challenges, encrypted messaging apps, such as Telegram and Signal, have seen a sharp rise in popularity across South Asia, becoming vital tools for journalists to communicate and publish stories without fear of surveillance or censorship. Two new South Asian governments offer hope, as well. The newly elected administration in Sri Lanka has vowed to address past crimes, end impunity, and repeal laws that undermine free expression, and the incumbent interim government in Bangladesh have promised massive reforms to rebuild broken state institutions. Hope now exists for the restoration of press freedom after being severely curtailed during Hasina’s iron-fisted rule of 15 years.
The SAPFR 24-25 will be formally launched on Sunday (04) at UNESCO’s 2025 World Press Freedom Day event at Kathmandu, Nepal. The event will be attended by representatives of the IFJ and its affiliates. Individual country reports were available to download from May 3.
The IFJ said: “Democracy cannot survive without press freedom, and as independent journalism continues to be threatened across South Asia by authoritarian policies, government censorship, and the subversion of justice, journalists persevere in an environment fixed against them. South Asian media continues to operate in conditions where the truth is obscured, and fight for their fundamental right of freedom of expression. It has never been more paramount to ensure the sustainability of free press and secure comprehensive protections for journalists. This begins with raising awareness, fostering partnerships, and paying tribute to journalists who have lost their lives or their livelihoods on the frontline.”
News
Easter Sunday carnage: SJB asks Church to seek arrest warrant for suicide bomber’s wife, Sara
… asks who called for third DNA test
Top SJB spokesman Mujibur Rahuman, MP, wants the Catholic Church to exert pressure on the NPP government to have an arrest warrant issued for Pulasthini Mahendran aka Sara Jasmine, wife of Katuwapitiya suicide bomber Atchchi Muhammadu Hastun.
Colombo District lawmaker yesterday (8) told The Island that the Catholic Church should throw its weight behind the SJB’s call for an open warrant and pressure the government to ask for Interpol assistance to track down the fugitive.
She would be able to throw light on the 2019 Easter Sunday carnage, the former UNPer said, urging the Catholic Church to make its position known without delay.
Alleging that Public Security and Parliamentary Affairs Minister Ananda Wijepala had been evasive in his response to a query posed to him in parliament on Wednesday regarding Easter Sunday attacks, lawmaker Rahuman asked whether the NPP was trying to cover up something.
Against the backdrop of the NPP’s declaration that Sara Jasmine is alive, the government should inquire into the circumstances the Government Analyst Department in late Sept 2023 announced that she was among those who perished in multiple blasts at Sainthamaruthu on April 26, 2019.
The Police Headquarters made the announcement on behalf of the Government Analyst’s Department that reached the conclusion after carrying out DNA tests for the third time on the tissue samples that had been obtained for the investigations by Judicial Medical Officers, Detectives from the Criminal Investigations Department, and the Government Analyst’s Department.
After the change of government following the last presidential election the NPP initiated an inquiry to verify the third DNA test. MP Rahuman pointed out that the third DNA test had been quite controversial as the two previous proved that she was not among the dead at Sainthamaruthu, where the group including some family members gathered.
The CID inquiring into the third DNA test last month recorded statements from C.D. Wickremeratne who had been the IGP at that time as well as DIG CID, Prasad Ranasinghe regarding the issues at hand. Wickremaratne has said that the third test was ordered in the wake of the concerns expressed at the National Security Council (NSC) regarding Sara Jasmine’s status.
MP Rahuman stressed that right along he believed Sara Jasmine was alive and had taken refuge in India.
MP Rahuman quoted terror mastermind Zahran Hashim’s wife, Abdul Cader Fatima Hadiya, as having told the Presidential Commission of Inquiry (P CoI) into the Easter Sunday blasts, that she heard Jasmine’s voice, after the blasts. Those killed at Sainthamaruthu, a week later, included Zahran Hashim’s father Mohamed Hashim and his brothers Zainee and Rilwan. Rilwan is believed to have been one of those who detonated bombs. Fatima and her child survived the Sainthamaruthu blasts and remain in government custody.
Lawmaker Rahuman said that the Catholic Church’s intervention is essential to compel President Anura Kumara Dissanayake to go the whole hog. “We cannot forget that the father of two of the suicide bombers was on the JVP National List at the 2015 parliamentary election and that wife of one of the bombers blasted herself at their Dematagoda home.”
By Shamindra Ferdinando ✍️
News
Indian HC says Defence pact with Lanka has no unstated objectives
Indian High Commissioner Santosh Jha characterised 2025 as a year of “re-energising and reaffirmation” in India–Sri Lanka relations, reiterating India’s substantial aid package for cyclone recovery while steering clear of commentary on Sri Lanka’s domestic fiscal policies and the broader strategic context of a bilateral defence pact.
Addressing the media in Colombo yesterday, Jha highlighted the elevated levels of “trust, goodwill and friendship” between the two nations, evidenced by a series of high-level exchanges.These included Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s April visit—during which he received Sri Lanka’s highest honour for foreign leaders—and the October visit of Sri Lankan Prime Minister Harini Amarasuriya.
A significant portion of the interaction focused on India’s response to Cyclone Ditwah. Under “Operation Sagar Bandhu”, India dispatched naval ships, aircraft, disaster response teams and engineers, delivering more than 1,100 tonnes of relief material. Jha announced a new USD 450 million assistance package—comprising USD 350 million in concessional credit and USD 100 million in grants—for rehabilitation across five key sectors: connectivity infrastructure, housing, health, education, agriculture and disaster preparedness.
“This is a demonstration of Sri Lanka’s key place in India’s Neighbourhood First and Mahasagar policies,” Jha said, noting that a joint monitoring mechanism was already operational to expedite project implementation. He added that Indian corporate contributions to Sri Lanka’s rebuilding fund had exceeded USD 1 million.
When The Island asked about the strategic dimension of the India–Sri Lanka Defence Cooperation Agreement following the Indian Army Chief’s recent visit, High Commissioner Jha offered a circumspect response. He asserted that there was “nothing beyond what is included” in the provisions of the pact, which was signed by President Anura Kumara Dissanayake and has generated controversy in Sri Lanka due to the absence of public discourse on its contents.
Framing the agreement as a self-contained document focused purely on bilateral defence cooperation, Jha said this reflected India’s official position. By directing attention solely to the text of the agreement, the High Commissioner indicated that there were no unstated strategic calculations involved, aligning with the Sri Lankan Foreign Minister’s recent clarification that the pact was “not a camp”.
A follow-up question by The Island regarding India’s assessment of Colombo’s progress on fiscal reforms and debt restructuring—as the country that provided the most assistance during Sri Lanka’s economic crisis—was met with a firm refusal. “This question is out of my ambit and I wouldn’t want to reply to it,” Jha said, declining to comment on whether the current trajectory is sustainable for long-term stability and self-reliance.
Despite the setback caused by the cyclone, Jha painted an optimistic picture of the economic partnership. He cited record Indian tourist arrivals—accounting for over 20 per cent of the total—and suggested that, when investments routed through global subsidiaries are included, Indian firms may account for 40–50 per cent of Sri Lanka’s foreign direct investment inflows in 2025.
Flagship projects such as the Sampur Solar Power Plant, railway upgrades and the West Container Terminal at the Port of Colombo were highlighted as symbols of deepening engagement, which now extends into technology, innovation and artificial intelligence.
Concluding his remarks, Jha expressed confidence that the partnership was in a “historic sweet spot”, with India poised to remain Sri Lanka’s leading partner in trade, tourism and investment. The briefing underscored India’s role as a primary development and crisis-response partner, even as its top diplomat carefully navigated questions touching on strategic and domestic sensitivities.
By Sanath Nanayakkare ✍️
News
PM briefs Maha Nayake Theras on education reforms
Prime Minister Dr Harini Amarasuriya says that the present government is committed to safeguarding children’s education and developing the country’s education system.She said that the country is being steered towards an education policy integrated with new technology, the digital world and artificial intelligence.
The Prime Minister made these remarks yesterday (08) while participating in meetings with the Most Venerable Mahanayake Theras of the Malwatte and Asgiriya Chapters of the Siam Nikaya, in connection with the proposed new education reforms.
Upon visiting the Malwatte Maha Vihara, the Prime Minister met the Most Venerable Thibbatuwawe Sri Siddhartha Sumangala Thera, the Mahanayake of the Malwatte Chapter. She later visited the Asgiriya Maha Vihara, where she met the Most Venerable Warakagoda Gnanarathana Thera, the Mahanayake of the Asgiriya Chapter, and explained the proposed education reforms.
She said that under the new education reforms, 106 textbooks for Grade Six haD already been printed, and that printing for the second and third school terms would be carried out in due course. She added that the government would intervene whenever weaknesses emerge within the education system and would take all possible steps to prevent shortcomings.
Pointing out that Sri Lanka’s school curriculum had not been updated for nearly 10 years, the Prime Minister said the government would adopt a flexible policy approach to rectifying existing deficiencies and provide children with a more reliable and credible education.
She said that as a new government that had taken responsibility for changing the prevailing political and social conditions, efforts were being made—despite challenges—to guide the education system towards a more dependable standard. She also noted that independent investigations were being conducted through several institutions into issues that arose during the textbook printing process.
Kandy District Members of Parliament Thanura Dissanayake and Attorney-at-Law Thushari Jayasinghe, Kandy Mayor Chandrasiri Wijenayake, and several others were present on the occasion.
Text and pic By S.K. Samaranayake ✍️
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