Features
Revitalization of industrial development in Sri Lanka
Dr. René van Berkel outlines the UNIDO Country Programme for Sri Lanka (2021-25)
The United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) recently commenced its 18M Euro Country Program for Sri Lanka, under the auspices of the Minister of Industries Hon. Wimal Weerawansa. At the signing ceremony Weerawansa expressed his appreciation to UNIDO for extending support to the Sri Lankan industries under UNIDO’s mission of promoting and accelerating inclusive and sustainable industrial development. The Secretary to the Ministry of Industries, Gen. Daya Ratnayake, signed the new Country Program on behalf of the Ministry, while Dr. Rene van Berkel, UNIDO Representative for Sri Lanka signed for UNIDO. Nawaz Rajabdeen, National Director of UNIDO’s Focal Point Office was also present at the occasion.
The ceremony was followed by the inaugural meeting of the Sri Lanka Joint Steering Committee for UNIDO’s country programme chaired by the Gen. Ratnayake and attended by representatives of relevant government and private sector stakeholder institutions. At the commencement Dr. van Berkel shared some highlights on Sri Lanka’s manufacturing sector review by UNIDO. While Sri Lanka has moved upward on the development ladder and is currently approaching upper middle-income graduation (99.1% of threshold), Manufacturing Value Added (MVA) in 2020 was 16%, whereas for example Indonesia achieves 20% and Thailand 26% therefore indicating a wide gap. Statistics also show limited diversification particularly in terms of exports and employment. The Medium and high-tech (MHT) is at a relatively low level in Sri Lanka at 7-8%, while it is up to 40% in other middle-income countries in South East Asia. However, these could also be seen as opportunities, pointed out Dr. van Berkel, who went on to share insights into the Country Program.
Sri Lanka is at 77th out of 131 indexed countries in UNIDO’s index for Sustainable Development Goal 9 on inclusive and sustainable industrialization. There is potential economic vulnerability arising out of early de-industrialization and limited diversification. Manufacturing growth in the country is seen hindered by lack of entrepreneurship, innovations, technology and management skills; low investor confidence; shortage of productive/skilled labour; limited diversification; and quality/trade access. This is a concern, as there is international consensus that the level of income must increase beyond a certain value before manufacturing can be decreased. This can be considered an economic vulnerability in terms of Sri Lanka.
Past UNIDO Assistance
In the recent past, UNIDO has worked mostly on the environmental domain and focused on hazardous chemicals. The focus later shifted to the quality infrastructure in Sri Lanka by improving and upgrading the operating procedures of different quality institutions, and how businesses need to be run with additional training and the building of competencies to improve national quality infrastructure (NQI).
UNIDO has also provided expertise to MSMEs in the food and spices sector, to improve their manufacturing practices, food quality, and food safety – which were highlighted as key areas of concern. An example would be the certification procedure for ‘Pure Ceylon Cinnamon’ for additional brand value. This certification is currently at the final stages of approval in the EU.
Another UNIDO project focused on bamboo, which is a natural solution against waterlogging. Bamboo is also a biomaterial that can be used for energy, and as an alternative to wood for handicrafts, furniture and household utensils. UNIDO assisted the bamboo sector in Sri Lanka by promoting better seedlings and carried out some work on setting up bamboo plantations and of a training and demonstration centre at the Industrial Development Board. Bamboo was seen to be particularly beneficial as an inter-crop in tea estates with many benefits including shade and improved agronomy of the plantations.
The upcoming UNIDO Country Program in Sri Lanka (2021-2025)
Objective of the UNIDO Country Programme is to provide a programming framework for identification, development and execution of catalytical technical cooperation services in the country. It is expected to achieve and sustain critical impact at scale through: Government co-ownership and inter-ministerial coordination; Focus on prioritized industrial sectors or areas matching country needs and UNIDO comparative advantages; Inclusion of policy advisory services; and Engagement and synergies with partner interventions to upscale results. It was noted that projects under the program depend on partners and the funds available.
The major thrust areas of the program include Industrial Development Policy, Value addition to produce and Solutions for climate resources.
1. Industrial Development Policy
For the industrial sector to grow, there must first be a consensus among the policymakers and key stakeholders on the priority actions. This emphasizes the need for industrial policymaking – which is a process, with specific instruments, building capabilities of institutions, delivery, monitoring, and evaluation, supported by industrial statistics and information that can made available. A public-private partnership would be essential, where the Government, chambers, and industry associations work together closely.
Under the policy, driving manufacturing excellence and entrepreneurship needs to be a top priority, where businesses are encouraged to be adopt modern management practices and capture business opportunities.
2. Value addition to produce
Sri Lanka is endowed with many natural resources ranging from fisheries, rubber, coconut, tea, etc., but the amount of value that is being generated is comparatively low, for both the domestic and international markets. Lack of sufficient advanced processing is seen as one key reason. Entrepreneurs need to recognize that there is an opportunity to make more money out of what is already available – by improving food safety, targeting the higher markets, and advanced processing – not forgetting the processing and quality infrastructure which also needs to be developed.
3. Solutions for climate and resources
This area basically deals with minimizing environmental impacts. Industries are the polluting agents and contribute to the climate problem, but they’re also an integral part of the climate solution. Eventually, businesses would need to come up with energy-efficient products. There is also a call to shift to source energy from renewable sources such as hydropower, wind, solar, bioenergy etc. The ultimate transition would be towards a Circular Economy -– changing the fundamental approach of taking things out of the environment, making things, using them, then throwing them away – which is a linear cycle. Instead, the Circular Economy defines the cycle as: take – make – use – reuse – recycle. In a circular economy, the waste is in fact being designed out. Hence zero waste – and zero recycling. It makes excellent economic sense in manufacturing terms too.
Opportunities for Sri Lanka
The Covid pandemic has caused a massive impact on the global manufacturing sector, and Sri Lanka is no exception. Businesses would now need to spend more attention on health and safety now than ever before. Accordingly, workplace practices would need to change to accommodate new health guidelines, and work procedures too will have to be adjusted.
Accelerated as a result of the pandemic, digitalization has been seen vigorously taking place around the world. For instance, payment and marketing are already digitalized by industries across the board. But the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) will create digitalization within the manufacturing process. It is envisaged that some activities would be taken over by robots, resulting in changes in jobs and skills requirements for us humans. If one does not respond to these changes – they would be left behind.
MSME energy efficiency is essential in certain sectors, such as the ceramics industry, which utilizes higher energy, amounting to over 50% of the total cost of the product. In such cases lowering the energy costs make huge economic sense. UNIDO has been involved in energy awareness raising for such industries. This means not just saving, where one feels good about it, but is actually saving energy and thereby contributing to the profit margin. Energy efficiency has huge economic benefits and therefor a sound economic perspective is essential when embracing the concept.
And as for alternate energy for MSMEs, UNIDO first recommends energy efficiency before moving onto alternate energy. Rationale is that it makes no sense to generate renewable energy if the business is not utilizing it efficiently in the first place. Hence, energy efficiency should fundamentally come first.
While investing in Renewable Energy (RE) is the way forward, the policy regime will have a direct bearing on investment decision. Another argument is that RE can be expensive, but there are ways of combining different technologies depending on finance agreements. For example, if the purchase agreements go for a long period, then RE service contracts can be included – if the scale justifies. Sri Lanka is a member of the International Solar Alliance. As such, it would be a good opportunity for Sri Lanka to promote solar energy and best practices and create an investment climate for solar power, which can bring back big dividends if approached the right way. International investors could also be potentially interested in such RE projects.
Features
Sections of US media looking power straight in the eye
Some fundamental freedoms seen to be at the heart of democracy in the US – religion, speech, the press, assembly and the right to petition the government – are at risk of being undermined at present by the country’s Executive President. However, the latter is being legally challenged on this score by some sections of the US media and the citizenry of the country could take heart from this notable defense of media freedom.
In fact this is good news for the world of democracy. The push back is coming from organizations such as CNN, ABC, CBS, Fox, NBC who constitute the nucleus as it were of the US media and their solidarity no less than their resourcefulness calls for commendation.
Following a recent White House decision to suspend CNN from what was referred to as ‘participation in presidential pool coverages’, the other media organizations mentioned refused to replace it in the pool. Their position was that the public had a right to receive ‘accurate and independent information about the government.’
Earlier, the White House decided to bar MS NOW and Politico from entering its premises following the restrictions imposed on CNN. The organizations were accused of publishing “FAKE NEWS’ , ‘Fiction’ and ‘lies’ in respect of the administration. These organizations lost no time in initiating a federal lawsuit accusing the central administration of violating their rights guaranteed by the First Amendment.
However, the latter litigating organizations could now consider themselves as having been vindicated because the federal court hearing their case has ordered the Trump administration to temporarily restore White House press access to journalists from the mentioned media institutions. Notably, the court has declared that the ban is ‘likely unconstitutional’. The case is proceeding.
The mass media of the most vibrant democracies of the West ought to be no strangers to such inspirational acts of solidarity and exemplifications of independence but there are lessons here for the democracies of the South that could stand them in good stead. Minus the right of a people to be informed, the rest of fundamental rights featuring in Southern Bills of Rights and legislation of the kind are bereft of substance and meaning.
It is informed decision-making on the part of a citizenry that makes for democratic vibrancy and on this score many a Southern democracy fails. While Southern publics generally demand of their governments continuous economic well being and substantive material benefits they are not equally desirous of being informed and knowledgeable.
This lacuna in the consciousness of many Southern publics enables their governments ‘to get off the hook’, so to speak and govern, or more often misgovern, their countries with impunity. Among other factors, this species of mass ignorance makes it possible for governments to dismantle democracy and rule in perpetuity.
Accordingly, an educated and constantly informed public is an essential precondition for the flourishing of democracy and independent media are integral to this process. Minus an independent mass media sector that meets the knowledge needs of the people responsibly, democracy is as good as dead.
Needless to say, those sections of the US media that are currently taking the Trump administration to task over its media curbs are acutely aware of the cruciality of these fundamental knowledge requirements.
The hope of democratic opinion worldwide and locally is likely to be that media independence would thrive in the manner in which it is flourishing in the most vibrant and accountable democracies of the West.
Southern countries such as Sri Lanka that lay claim to democratic credentials, but are democracy-deficient in many ways, need to be particularly cognizant of these requirements. The publics of these countries need to go the extra mile to ensure the thriving of an independent but responsible mass media sector.
In fact it is veritably a matter of life and death. It is only an independent media sector that could, while ensuring the existence of an informed public, impress on the latter the need to protect and perpetuate its fundamental rights. In the absence of these campaigns, such publics could be eventually having on their hands governments that boast of ruling in perpetuity.
Taking a leaf from the sections of the US media referred to independent media organizations in Southern states need to act in solidarity as well. They would need to act on the basis of the principle that acts of victimization suffered by members in their fold at the hands of governments, for instance, are in fact inimical acts directed at their collectivity and which call for united remedial action. In short, no independent mass media institution could see itself as ‘an island’.
Besides some general guidance on the importance of media independence and solidarity, the message coming from the US with regard to media praxis is that power must be stood-up to unblinkingly. The mentioned sections of the US media are primarily in a struggle to ward off encroachments on their independence in the areas of policy and practice by the political executive, that is the President.
The latter would ride rough-shod over the media in the absence of robust opposition by the media itself to inimical executive action of this kind.
While media independence needs to be seen as crucial to democratic development, an obligation is cast on the media to ensure that it uses such independence responsibly and constructively.
The worst that could afflict a media sector is for it to fall prey to the clichetic ‘freedom of the wild ass’. In fact recurring irresponsibility on the part of the media could lend credence to the perception that a tightly regulated media is best for a country. It is a short step from this misguided view to the position that political authoritarianism is best for a state. That turn of events would be of course catastrophic for a democracy.
The issues discussed thus far point to the need for a broad discourse among Southern democracies in particular on what is best for them in this connection. Given the risks underscored earlier for Southern countries in particular a broad discussion on the matters at hand, which includes the public, emerges as a must for Sri Lanka. Besides, media solidarity within democratic countries and internationally is a must.
Features
What lessons can be learned to improve quality of Sri Lanka’s Grade 6 syllabus
by Prof. M. W. Amarasiri de Silva
Following public controversy over an inappropriate web link found in an English study module, the Sri Lankan government formally deferred the full rollout of the Grade 6 curriculum reforms to January 2027. In the interim, state schools will maintain the existing syllabus, reverting to standard eight-period daily timetables and previous textbooks to ensure uninterrupted instruction. Prime Minister and Minister of Education Dr. Harini Amarasuriya emphasized that this temporary pause allows the Education Ministry to thoroughly review all instructional materials, fix editorial flaws, and conduct scientific impact assessments across pilot schools prior to nation-wide implementation.
To address the oversight, an expert committee evaluated the flawed materials, completed necessary amendments, and finalised discussions to resubmit corrected modules for printing. Beyond revising written texts, the Ministry established a broader preparation roadmap—allocating funds for extensive teacher training programs set to begin mid-year, alongside scheduled informational briefings for parents, teachers, and students. Prime Minister Amarasuriya reaffirmed that none of the valid first-term modules were completely discarded or scrapped, preserving state resources while systematically rebuilding public trust and strengthening quality assurance protocols.
In this respect, this article reviews the current grade 6 syllabus comparing it with similar syllabi of India and the USA, with a view to make recommendations for the upcoming grade 6 syllabus revision.
Architecture of nation’s future
Education is the quiet architecture of a nation’s future. It is the unseen scaffolding upon which generations build their character, their intellect, and their capacity to contribute meaningfully to society. In Sri Lanka, the Grade 6 syllabus occupies a particularly important place in this architecture. It is the bridge between primary learning and the more demanding intellectual terrain of secondary education. It is the moment when children begin to move from learning basic facts to understanding concepts, from memorising information to applying knowledge, and from passive reception to active engagement. Yet, despite its importance, the Grade 6 curriculum in Sri Lanka has long struggled with issues of breadth, depth, relevance, and pedagogy. As global education systems evolve, Sri Lanka must examine what lessons can be learned from international models—particularly India and the United States—to strengthen its own curriculum and prepare students for a rapidly changing world.
The first lesson Sri Lanka can learn is the value of conceptual clarity. India’s NCERT curriculum, especially in Mathematics and Science, is globally respected for its logical progression and conceptual depth. Indian students are introduced early to the idea that mathematics is not merely a set of procedures but a language of reasoning. They learn why a ratio works, not just how to compute one. They understand the structure of an equation, not merely the steps to solve it. In Science, they explore the properties of materials, the structure of plants, and the principles of motion with a clarity that encourages curiosity rather than rote memorisation.
Sri Lanka’s Grade 6 syllabus, while competency-based, often leans heavily toward content coverage. Students are expected to learn many topics, but the time allocated for each is limited, and the teaching culture often emphasizes memorisation over understanding. If Sri Lanka wishes to improve the quality of its syllabus, it must embrace the idea that fewer topics taught well are better than many topics taught superficially. Conceptual mastery builds confidence, and confidence builds lifelong learners.
Lesson from the US
A second lesson comes from the United States, where the curriculum is built around skills rather than content. American students in Grade 6 are expected to read complex texts, analyse arguments, write essays supported by evidence, conduct experiments, and engage in collaborative projects. The emphasis is not on how much they know but on what they can do with what they know. This skills-based approach encourages critical thinking, creativity, and independence—qualities essential for success in the modern world.
Sri Lanka’s syllabus, by contrast, often rewards students for reproducing information rather than interpreting it. The exam culture reinforces this tendency, as students are assessed primarily through written tests that measure recall. To improve the syllabus, Sri Lanka must integrate more opportunities for students to think, question, debate, and create. The classroom should become a space where students learn to solve problems, not just memorize solutions.
Another important lesson comes from the breadth of Sri Lanka’s own curriculum. One of the strengths of the Sri Lankan system is its inclusion of cultural and religious education. Subjects such as Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam, and Christianity provide moral grounding and cultural identity. Art, Music, Drama, and Health contribute to holistic development. These subjects remind students that education is not merely about academic achievement but about becoming a balanced human being. However, breadth without depth can become burdensome. Grade 6 students in Sri Lanka often juggle more than ten subjects, each with its own textbook, competencies, and assessments. This creates pressure not only for students but also for teachers, who must rush through content to meet syllabus requirements. The lesson here is not to reduce cultural subjects but to integrate them more meaningfully. Religious education can be taught through ethical discussions, community projects, and reflective writing. Art and Music can be connected to history, literature, and social studies. Health can be linked to science and physical education. Integration reduces overload while enriching learning.
Another lesson from India
India offers another valuable lesson in the form of standardised textbooks. NCERT books are used across the country, ensuring consistency in quality and content. They are written by subject experts, reviewed rigorously, and updated periodically. Sri Lanka’s textbooks, while generally well-structured, vary in quality and often lag behind modern pedagogical standards. Some are dense, text-heavy, and lacking in visual aids or real-world examples. To improve the syllabus, Sri Lanka must invest in high-quality textbooks that are engaging, accessible, and aligned with contemporary educational research. Textbooks should not merely transmit information; they should inspire curiosity. They should include stories, diagrams, experiments, and activities that make learning enjoyable and meaningful.
The United States provides a lesson in inquiry-based science education. American students conduct experiments, build models, observe natural phenomena, and engage in engineering design challenges. They learn science not as a set of facts but as a process of discovery. Sri Lanka’s science curriculum includes experiments, but many schools lack the resources, laboratory facilities, or teacher training to implement them effectively. Improving the syllabus requires improving the ecosystem around it. Schools need laboratories, equipment, and teacher development programs that empower educators to teach science through inquiry. A syllabus is only as strong as the environment in which it is taught. ***
International models
Another area where Sri Lanka can learn from international models is language education. In India, students often learn three languages—English, Hindi, and Sanskrit or Urdu. This heavy language load has its challenges, but it also produces students with strong linguistic skills. In the United States, English Language Arts emphasises reading complex texts, writing arguments, and analysing literature. Sri Lanka’s English curriculum, while improving, still struggles with uneven implementation across schools. Many students reach secondary school without adequate proficiency in English, limiting their access to global knowledge. To improve the syllabus, Sri Lanka must strengthen English instruction through better teacher training, more reading opportunities, and a shift from grammar-heavy teaching to communication-focused learning. At the same time, Sinhala and Tamil instruction should be modernised to include creative writing, literature appreciation, and critical reading.
Social Studies is another area ripe for improvement. Sri Lanka’s curriculum includes History, Geography, and Civics, but the teaching often emphasises memorization of dates, definitions, and facts. India’s Social Science curriculum, while also content-heavy, provides clearer conceptual frameworks. The United States, however, excels in teaching civics and citizenship. American students learn how governments function, how laws are made, how communities solve problems, and how citizens participate in democracy. Sri Lanka can strengthen its Civics curriculum by incorporating more discussions on governance, rights, responsibilities, and community engagement. Students should learn not only the structure of government but also the values that sustain it—justice, equality, and participation.
One of the most important lessons Sri Lanka can learn is the value of reducing exam pressure. In both India and Sri Lanka, exams dominate the educational landscape. Students are judged primarily by their ability to perform on written tests. The United States, while not free from assessment challenges, uses a wider range of evaluation methods—projects, presentations, portfolios, and continuous assessment. These methods allow students to demonstrate learning in diverse ways. Sri Lanka should consider adopting a more balanced assessment system that values creativity, collaboration, and practical skills alongside academic knowledge.
Technology integration is another area where Sri Lanka can improve. The United States incorporates digital literacy, coding, online research, and digital citizenship into the curriculum. Sri Lanka’s ICT syllabus is well-structured, but implementation varies widely. Many schools lack computers, internet access, or trained ICT teachers. Improving the syllabus requires improving infrastructure. Students must learn to navigate the digital world safely and effectively. They must learn coding not as a luxury but as a basic skill. They must learn to evaluate online information critically, a skill essential in an era of misinformation.
Teacher training
Teacher training is perhaps the most critical lesson of all. A syllabus is only as effective as the teachers who deliver it. India invests heavily in teacher training through national programs, workshops, and online platforms. The United States emphasises professional development, peer collaboration, and instructional coaching. Sri Lanka must strengthen its teacher training programmes, ensuring that educators understand not only what to teach but how to teach it. Teachers should be trained in inquiry-based learning, differentiated instruction, formative assessment, and classroom management. They should be empowered to adapt the syllabus to the needs of their students rather than follow it mechanically.
Sri Lanka must learn the lesson of relevance. A syllabus must prepare students not only for exams but for life. It must teach them how to think, how to communicate, how to solve problems, and how to work with others. It must prepare them for a world where knowledge is abundant, but wisdom is scarce. It must help them navigate a future shaped by technology, globalisation, environmental challenges, and social change. To improve the syllabus, Sri Lanka must ask: What kind of citizens do we want to produce? What kind of thinkers? What kind of leaders? The answers to these questions should shape the curriculum.
Lastly, improving the quality of Sri Lanka’s Grade 6 syllabus requires learning from both international models and local strengths. From India, Sri Lanka can learn the value of conceptual clarity and standardised textbooks. From the United States, it can learn the importance of skills, inquiry, and creativity. From its own traditions, it can preserve cultural education, moral development, and holistic learning. The goal is not to copy another country’s system but to build a uniquely Sri Lankan curriculum that is modern, relevant, and empowering. A curriculum that honours the past while preparing students for the future. A curriculum that nurtures thinkers, creators, and compassionate citizens. A curriculum worthy of a nation with immense potential and a proud educational heritage. If Sri Lanka embraces these lessons, the Grade 6 syllabus can become not just a bridge to secondary education but a foundation for national progress.
Features
Three magical nights at Colombo Fashion Week
Melloney Dassanayaka is certainly a familiar name here, and abroad, as well, having represented Sri Lanka at the Miss Universe 2024 pageant, held in Mexico.
A former National Basketball player, she is also involved in several projects, beneficial to the community, including financial literacy for single women-headed families in the country.
A banker by profession, Melloney hold a Bachelor’s Degree in Business Administration.

Melloney with Asanka de Mel of Lovi Sri Lanka
This extremely talented old girl of Holy Family Convent, Bambalapitiya, was in the limelight, once more, when she was seen on the ramp at Colombo Fashion Week.
It was her very first experience, at this prestigious event, and she loved every minute of it, she said, and, what’s more, she was featured on three consecutive days.
According to the itinerary, on day 01 she walked for Lovi Sri Lanka; day 02 Rizwan Beyg (Pakistan designer), Arsath Furkhan (Indian designer), Haoyi Yan (Chinese designer) and Samant Chauhan (Indian designer); and on day 03 Vaishali Shandangule (Indian designer).
In today’s edition of The Island SceneAround, we spotlight Melloney, on the ramp, at Colombo Fashion Week.
Melloney will also participate at Miss Grand All Stars to be held later in the year, in Thailand, as Miss Universe Sri Lanka 2024.
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