Features
Non-aquatic birds and return to Thittawella
by Athula Dissanayake
(Continued from last week)
As I sat, small flocks of Indian crested tree swifts would fly to and fro overhead, uttering loud calls, “keek-ko, keek-ko…” as they hunted their insect prey. During the migrant season flocks of Eastern swallows descended on the tank skimming the surface as they flew gracefully, twisting and turning, while hunting insects. In the large trees bordering the tank I would occasionally catch a glimpse of a pair of the rare and magnificent black-backed yellow woodpecker, the largest of its tribe.
A common kingfisher would dart along the shore, uttering its shrill call. It would perch on a small rock that stood in the water and wait, sometimes bobbing its head and jerking its body and tail excitedly. On spotting a fish it would dive headlong into the water and return to the rock empty handed while uttering a loud “cheek, cheek, cheek” to voice its disappointment. After several attempts it would return to the perch with a silvery fish dangling in its bill, thump it on the rock a few times and then swallow it head first.

Its more terrestrial cousin, the white breasted kingfisher revealed its presence by its loud cascading call from a nearby tree. Largest of its kind, the gorgeous stork-billed kingfisher frequented the trees bordering the nearby stream, where it used to fish in the dappled sunlight.
Activity in daytime
In the morning the birds were active while feeding, walking and flying to different parts of the tank. As the morning wore off all activity gradually dwindled and by midday it came to a stop. As the birds rested in the midday heat, everything was still and quiet, and hardly a bird could be seen as it took shelter among the water plants. A gentle breeze stirred a few ripples in the water and swayed the floating lotus leaves. Occasionally a bird would preen or take a bath by splashing in the water.
A sleepy atmosphere prevailed, enhanced by the constant drone of the cicadas. A gentle popping sound would indicate a surfacing fish or a sudden splash would indicate one jumping out of water to avoid an underwater predator. The silence would at times be rudely broken by the loud ringing calls of a pair of serpent eagles soaring in the heavens on thermal currents.
Towards evening the activity became more pronounced and the teals, coots and jacanas came out into the open to feed. The tranquillity was broken by a chorus of calls emanating from aquatic birds resting among reeds and lotuses. The tank was particularly noisy during the breeding season, when it was full of water and the vegetation luxuriant.
Coots and jacanas were the noisiest of the lot. They could be seen running and chasing rivals and engaging in mock fights.. A pair of white breasted waterhens added to the chorus with their loud call “kapparakata puwak puwak” as they prepared to roost in a clump of bushes at the water’s edge.
As the evening gave way to dusk, the chorus gradually died down and silence reigned once more.
A purple heron, silhouetted against the setting sun, flew to its roosting place. Its rise and fall with each beat of the wings, was a most serene sight as we stood on the bund. It was a peaceful scene after most of the birds retired for the night and creatures of darkness gradually and silently took over.
Night herons, with their attractive white and blue-grey plumage and a ruby-red eye, took up their posts by the water’s edge as they prepared for a stint of night fishing. The silence was interrupted by whistling teal as they circled the tank, uttering their shrill calls before flying off into distant paddy fields for their nightly forage. A red-wattled lapwing would announce its annoyance at the presence of a predator by its piercing call “did you do it”.
Breeding season
All the birds looked their best during the breeding season, particularly the males who wore their bright nuptial plumage, such as the jacanas with jet black bellies and long tails, grebes with chestnut in the neck, cotton teals with glossy green on their backs, and pond herons and egrets with long streamers down the neck. A korawaka or white-breasted waterhen swimming among the lily pads, with its brood of fluffy black chicks, offered a most pleasing sight.
Once I saw a male coot climbing the back of a larger female in attempting to mate. Unable to bear the weight of both of them, the floating vegetation gave way and the couple sank in the water. It was quite a hilarious episode. The affair was promptly abandoned as they went about their different ways. However, I saw them making a successful attempt later in the evening.

15 years later
All things change with time. My two cousins grew up and went their different ways. I entered medical college to engage in a busy career and our visits to the Thittawella tank stopped abruptly. Thittawella receded deep into the past. It was 15 years later that I came to reside in Kurunegala again when I was posted there.
At Kurunegala, I found a partner and friend in Dr. R. Thalgahagoda, Consultant Rheumatologist, who was also interested in wildlife. I wasted no time in organizing a trip to Thittawella tank in an evening and soon found myself seated on a rock close to the bund accompanied by him. As I sat there after so many years, all those memories came flooding back, and it was intensely nostalgic. Birds were still there, and I was able to observe them even more closely with the aid of my new equipment, namely a small telescope. It brought out the beauty of the tank birds more vividly. Thus began phase two of my acquaintance with Thittawella tank.
One day Thal and I were seated as usual on the tank bund, relaxed and leisurely watching the abundant bird life around us. Dusk was approaching and a three-quarter moon rising in the sky above the hills in the east. A flock of whistling teal rose from the tank and flew up into the sky. It was the largest flock of whistling teal I have seen so far. They then kept on flying round and round the tank, calling incessantly for several minutes. As the dusk advanced and the moon rose higher, flooding the tank with a mellow silvery light, they kept on circling and whistling what sounded as sweet music to our ears as we watched them enthralled. That is a spectacle I would never forget.
Uncommon birds
With the aid of the telescope, I spotted one day a pair of birds I had missed in my boyhood. They were Indian waterhens or common moorhen walking on the lotus leaves. It was a beautiful bird, black in colour, with a yellow-tipped bill, a bright red shield on the forehead, and yellow legs. A white line ran along the flank, and the under-tail coverts were also white, contrasting with the glossy black of the rest of the plumage. While walking they frequently jerked the tail up. At times they would get into the water and swim like ducks and it was quite interesting observing their antics.
In the dry season, a considerable part of the tank bed is exposed. During such a time one evening we observed a few birds feeding quietly on the muddy surface, close to some bushes. They had a prominent white ring round the eye, which merged into a short strip just behind. The belly was white, the throat a rich chestnut brown and the back olive brown. They were probing the mud with their longish bills, which were slightly curved downwards.
We watched excitedly as we got our first sighting of an uncommon and rarely seen bird, the painted snipe. It was surprising to see such a shy and skulking bird feeding there out in the open, in full view of us for a long period of time. Meeting the unexpected is one of the joys of bird watching. In contrast to the normal pattern of birds, the female of this species is more distinctive and brighter in colour than the drab male. This is in keeping with their reversed role in domestic affairs as the male is encumbered with the duties of incubation and tending the young.
We also saw a solitary snipe, most probably a pintail snipe, walking along the margin of a puddle probing the mud with its long slender bill. It was quite undisturbed by our presence, and this was again unusual for a shy bird.
One evening, when we were seated on the bund of the tank, we were presented with a rare gem. A small quail-sized, rounded bird appeared from the edge of a reed bed and started walking briskly on its greenish yellow legs on the lotus leaves. It jerked the short tail as it went along. The under parts were barred blackish and white (as in most of its other relatives) and the upper parts were a yellowish brown, speckled and streaked with white. It was very actively catching insects as it walked. At times it darted a couple of feet up into the air, in the manner of a flycatcher, and landed back on the lotus leaves.

We watched it in good light at close range for about half an hour before it disappeared among the reeds. We took down all the details of its plumage and were in no doubt regarding its identity, namely a Baillon’s crake. In his Guide to the birds of Ceylon, G M Henry mentions that ” this small crake has been recorded from Sri Lanka only a few occasions in the last hundred years.” So we were absolutely delighted to have seen such a rare bird. As I stated earlier, one of the great joys of bird watching is that the most unexpected bird may be met with at the most unexpected place.
Another rare sighting we had was a Shahin falcon. It was flying above the tank towards Elephant Rock in the distance, where we later saw it on a number of occasions.
Finale
In 1995, I was transferred to Teaching Hospital at Karapitiya in Galle, while Thal was posted to General Hospital, Kandy. Both my cousins, who initially accompanied me to Thittawella tank, took to hotel business. Prasanna, the elder of the two, when working as an executive in a hotel at Kandalama near Dambulla, was in 1999 drowned along with six others, when a boat in which they were on a joy ride on Kandalama tank capsized. Nagitha now runs his own restaurant in Sydney.
Features
Sections of US media looking power straight in the eye
Some fundamental freedoms seen to be at the heart of democracy in the US – religion, speech, the press, assembly and the right to petition the government – are at risk of being undermined at present by the country’s Executive President. However, the latter is being legally challenged on this score by some sections of the US media and the citizenry of the country could take heart from this notable defense of media freedom.
In fact this is good news for the world of democracy. The push back is coming from organizations such as CNN, ABC, CBS, Fox, NBC who constitute the nucleus as it were of the US media and their solidarity no less than their resourcefulness calls for commendation.
Following a recent White House decision to suspend CNN from what was referred to as ‘participation in presidential pool coverages’, the other media organizations mentioned refused to replace it in the pool. Their position was that the public had a right to receive ‘accurate and independent information about the government.’
Earlier, the White House decided to bar MS NOW and Politico from entering its premises following the restrictions imposed on CNN. The organizations were accused of publishing “FAKE NEWS’ , ‘Fiction’ and ‘lies’ in respect of the administration. These organizations lost no time in initiating a federal lawsuit accusing the central administration of violating their rights guaranteed by the First Amendment.
However, the latter litigating organizations could now consider themselves as having been vindicated because the federal court hearing their case has ordered the Trump administration to temporarily restore White House press access to journalists from the mentioned media institutions. Notably, the court has declared that the ban is ‘likely unconstitutional’. The case is proceeding.
The mass media of the most vibrant democracies of the West ought to be no strangers to such inspirational acts of solidarity and exemplifications of independence but there are lessons here for the democracies of the South that could stand them in good stead. Minus the right of a people to be informed, the rest of fundamental rights featuring in Southern Bills of Rights and legislation of the kind are bereft of substance and meaning.
It is informed decision-making on the part of a citizenry that makes for democratic vibrancy and on this score many a Southern democracy fails. While Southern publics generally demand of their governments continuous economic well being and substantive material benefits they are not equally desirous of being informed and knowledgeable.
This lacuna in the consciousness of many Southern publics enables their governments ‘to get off the hook’, so to speak and govern, or more often misgovern, their countries with impunity. Among other factors, this species of mass ignorance makes it possible for governments to dismantle democracy and rule in perpetuity.
Accordingly, an educated and constantly informed public is an essential precondition for the flourishing of democracy and independent media are integral to this process. Minus an independent mass media sector that meets the knowledge needs of the people responsibly, democracy is as good as dead.
Needless to say, those sections of the US media that are currently taking the Trump administration to task over its media curbs are acutely aware of the cruciality of these fundamental knowledge requirements.
The hope of democratic opinion worldwide and locally is likely to be that media independence would thrive in the manner in which it is flourishing in the most vibrant and accountable democracies of the West.
Southern countries such as Sri Lanka that lay claim to democratic credentials, but are democracy-deficient in many ways, need to be particularly cognizant of these requirements. The publics of these countries need to go the extra mile to ensure the thriving of an independent but responsible mass media sector.
In fact it is veritably a matter of life and death. It is only an independent media sector that could, while ensuring the existence of an informed public, impress on the latter the need to protect and perpetuate its fundamental rights. In the absence of these campaigns, such publics could be eventually having on their hands governments that boast of ruling in perpetuity.
Taking a leaf from the sections of the US media referred to independent media organizations in Southern states need to act in solidarity as well. They would need to act on the basis of the principle that acts of victimization suffered by members in their fold at the hands of governments, for instance, are in fact inimical acts directed at their collectivity and which call for united remedial action. In short, no independent mass media institution could see itself as ‘an island’.
Besides some general guidance on the importance of media independence and solidarity, the message coming from the US with regard to media praxis is that power must be stood-up to unblinkingly. The mentioned sections of the US media are primarily in a struggle to ward off encroachments on their independence in the areas of policy and practice by the political executive, that is the President.
The latter would ride rough-shod over the media in the absence of robust opposition by the media itself to inimical executive action of this kind.
While media independence needs to be seen as crucial to democratic development, an obligation is cast on the media to ensure that it uses such independence responsibly and constructively.
The worst that could afflict a media sector is for it to fall prey to the clichetic ‘freedom of the wild ass’. In fact recurring irresponsibility on the part of the media could lend credence to the perception that a tightly regulated media is best for a country. It is a short step from this misguided view to the position that political authoritarianism is best for a state. That turn of events would be of course catastrophic for a democracy.
The issues discussed thus far point to the need for a broad discourse among Southern democracies in particular on what is best for them in this connection. Given the risks underscored earlier for Southern countries in particular a broad discussion on the matters at hand, which includes the public, emerges as a must for Sri Lanka. Besides, media solidarity within democratic countries and internationally is a must.
Features
What lessons can be learned to improve quality of Sri Lanka’s Grade 6 syllabus
by Prof. M. W. Amarasiri de Silva
Following public controversy over an inappropriate web link found in an English study module, the Sri Lankan government formally deferred the full rollout of the Grade 6 curriculum reforms to January 2027. In the interim, state schools will maintain the existing syllabus, reverting to standard eight-period daily timetables and previous textbooks to ensure uninterrupted instruction. Prime Minister and Minister of Education Dr. Harini Amarasuriya emphasized that this temporary pause allows the Education Ministry to thoroughly review all instructional materials, fix editorial flaws, and conduct scientific impact assessments across pilot schools prior to nation-wide implementation.
To address the oversight, an expert committee evaluated the flawed materials, completed necessary amendments, and finalised discussions to resubmit corrected modules for printing. Beyond revising written texts, the Ministry established a broader preparation roadmap—allocating funds for extensive teacher training programs set to begin mid-year, alongside scheduled informational briefings for parents, teachers, and students. Prime Minister Amarasuriya reaffirmed that none of the valid first-term modules were completely discarded or scrapped, preserving state resources while systematically rebuilding public trust and strengthening quality assurance protocols.
In this respect, this article reviews the current grade 6 syllabus comparing it with similar syllabi of India and the USA, with a view to make recommendations for the upcoming grade 6 syllabus revision.
Architecture of nation’s future
Education is the quiet architecture of a nation’s future. It is the unseen scaffolding upon which generations build their character, their intellect, and their capacity to contribute meaningfully to society. In Sri Lanka, the Grade 6 syllabus occupies a particularly important place in this architecture. It is the bridge between primary learning and the more demanding intellectual terrain of secondary education. It is the moment when children begin to move from learning basic facts to understanding concepts, from memorising information to applying knowledge, and from passive reception to active engagement. Yet, despite its importance, the Grade 6 curriculum in Sri Lanka has long struggled with issues of breadth, depth, relevance, and pedagogy. As global education systems evolve, Sri Lanka must examine what lessons can be learned from international models—particularly India and the United States—to strengthen its own curriculum and prepare students for a rapidly changing world.
The first lesson Sri Lanka can learn is the value of conceptual clarity. India’s NCERT curriculum, especially in Mathematics and Science, is globally respected for its logical progression and conceptual depth. Indian students are introduced early to the idea that mathematics is not merely a set of procedures but a language of reasoning. They learn why a ratio works, not just how to compute one. They understand the structure of an equation, not merely the steps to solve it. In Science, they explore the properties of materials, the structure of plants, and the principles of motion with a clarity that encourages curiosity rather than rote memorisation.
Sri Lanka’s Grade 6 syllabus, while competency-based, often leans heavily toward content coverage. Students are expected to learn many topics, but the time allocated for each is limited, and the teaching culture often emphasizes memorisation over understanding. If Sri Lanka wishes to improve the quality of its syllabus, it must embrace the idea that fewer topics taught well are better than many topics taught superficially. Conceptual mastery builds confidence, and confidence builds lifelong learners.
Lesson from the US
A second lesson comes from the United States, where the curriculum is built around skills rather than content. American students in Grade 6 are expected to read complex texts, analyse arguments, write essays supported by evidence, conduct experiments, and engage in collaborative projects. The emphasis is not on how much they know but on what they can do with what they know. This skills-based approach encourages critical thinking, creativity, and independence—qualities essential for success in the modern world.
Sri Lanka’s syllabus, by contrast, often rewards students for reproducing information rather than interpreting it. The exam culture reinforces this tendency, as students are assessed primarily through written tests that measure recall. To improve the syllabus, Sri Lanka must integrate more opportunities for students to think, question, debate, and create. The classroom should become a space where students learn to solve problems, not just memorize solutions.
Another important lesson comes from the breadth of Sri Lanka’s own curriculum. One of the strengths of the Sri Lankan system is its inclusion of cultural and religious education. Subjects such as Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam, and Christianity provide moral grounding and cultural identity. Art, Music, Drama, and Health contribute to holistic development. These subjects remind students that education is not merely about academic achievement but about becoming a balanced human being. However, breadth without depth can become burdensome. Grade 6 students in Sri Lanka often juggle more than ten subjects, each with its own textbook, competencies, and assessments. This creates pressure not only for students but also for teachers, who must rush through content to meet syllabus requirements. The lesson here is not to reduce cultural subjects but to integrate them more meaningfully. Religious education can be taught through ethical discussions, community projects, and reflective writing. Art and Music can be connected to history, literature, and social studies. Health can be linked to science and physical education. Integration reduces overload while enriching learning.
Another lesson from India
India offers another valuable lesson in the form of standardised textbooks. NCERT books are used across the country, ensuring consistency in quality and content. They are written by subject experts, reviewed rigorously, and updated periodically. Sri Lanka’s textbooks, while generally well-structured, vary in quality and often lag behind modern pedagogical standards. Some are dense, text-heavy, and lacking in visual aids or real-world examples. To improve the syllabus, Sri Lanka must invest in high-quality textbooks that are engaging, accessible, and aligned with contemporary educational research. Textbooks should not merely transmit information; they should inspire curiosity. They should include stories, diagrams, experiments, and activities that make learning enjoyable and meaningful.
The United States provides a lesson in inquiry-based science education. American students conduct experiments, build models, observe natural phenomena, and engage in engineering design challenges. They learn science not as a set of facts but as a process of discovery. Sri Lanka’s science curriculum includes experiments, but many schools lack the resources, laboratory facilities, or teacher training to implement them effectively. Improving the syllabus requires improving the ecosystem around it. Schools need laboratories, equipment, and teacher development programs that empower educators to teach science through inquiry. A syllabus is only as strong as the environment in which it is taught. ***
International models
Another area where Sri Lanka can learn from international models is language education. In India, students often learn three languages—English, Hindi, and Sanskrit or Urdu. This heavy language load has its challenges, but it also produces students with strong linguistic skills. In the United States, English Language Arts emphasises reading complex texts, writing arguments, and analysing literature. Sri Lanka’s English curriculum, while improving, still struggles with uneven implementation across schools. Many students reach secondary school without adequate proficiency in English, limiting their access to global knowledge. To improve the syllabus, Sri Lanka must strengthen English instruction through better teacher training, more reading opportunities, and a shift from grammar-heavy teaching to communication-focused learning. At the same time, Sinhala and Tamil instruction should be modernised to include creative writing, literature appreciation, and critical reading.
Social Studies is another area ripe for improvement. Sri Lanka’s curriculum includes History, Geography, and Civics, but the teaching often emphasises memorization of dates, definitions, and facts. India’s Social Science curriculum, while also content-heavy, provides clearer conceptual frameworks. The United States, however, excels in teaching civics and citizenship. American students learn how governments function, how laws are made, how communities solve problems, and how citizens participate in democracy. Sri Lanka can strengthen its Civics curriculum by incorporating more discussions on governance, rights, responsibilities, and community engagement. Students should learn not only the structure of government but also the values that sustain it—justice, equality, and participation.
One of the most important lessons Sri Lanka can learn is the value of reducing exam pressure. In both India and Sri Lanka, exams dominate the educational landscape. Students are judged primarily by their ability to perform on written tests. The United States, while not free from assessment challenges, uses a wider range of evaluation methods—projects, presentations, portfolios, and continuous assessment. These methods allow students to demonstrate learning in diverse ways. Sri Lanka should consider adopting a more balanced assessment system that values creativity, collaboration, and practical skills alongside academic knowledge.
Technology integration is another area where Sri Lanka can improve. The United States incorporates digital literacy, coding, online research, and digital citizenship into the curriculum. Sri Lanka’s ICT syllabus is well-structured, but implementation varies widely. Many schools lack computers, internet access, or trained ICT teachers. Improving the syllabus requires improving infrastructure. Students must learn to navigate the digital world safely and effectively. They must learn coding not as a luxury but as a basic skill. They must learn to evaluate online information critically, a skill essential in an era of misinformation.
Teacher training
Teacher training is perhaps the most critical lesson of all. A syllabus is only as effective as the teachers who deliver it. India invests heavily in teacher training through national programs, workshops, and online platforms. The United States emphasises professional development, peer collaboration, and instructional coaching. Sri Lanka must strengthen its teacher training programmes, ensuring that educators understand not only what to teach but how to teach it. Teachers should be trained in inquiry-based learning, differentiated instruction, formative assessment, and classroom management. They should be empowered to adapt the syllabus to the needs of their students rather than follow it mechanically.
Sri Lanka must learn the lesson of relevance. A syllabus must prepare students not only for exams but for life. It must teach them how to think, how to communicate, how to solve problems, and how to work with others. It must prepare them for a world where knowledge is abundant, but wisdom is scarce. It must help them navigate a future shaped by technology, globalisation, environmental challenges, and social change. To improve the syllabus, Sri Lanka must ask: What kind of citizens do we want to produce? What kind of thinkers? What kind of leaders? The answers to these questions should shape the curriculum.
Lastly, improving the quality of Sri Lanka’s Grade 6 syllabus requires learning from both international models and local strengths. From India, Sri Lanka can learn the value of conceptual clarity and standardised textbooks. From the United States, it can learn the importance of skills, inquiry, and creativity. From its own traditions, it can preserve cultural education, moral development, and holistic learning. The goal is not to copy another country’s system but to build a uniquely Sri Lankan curriculum that is modern, relevant, and empowering. A curriculum that honours the past while preparing students for the future. A curriculum that nurtures thinkers, creators, and compassionate citizens. A curriculum worthy of a nation with immense potential and a proud educational heritage. If Sri Lanka embraces these lessons, the Grade 6 syllabus can become not just a bridge to secondary education but a foundation for national progress.
Features
Three magical nights at Colombo Fashion Week
Melloney Dassanayaka is certainly a familiar name here, and abroad, as well, having represented Sri Lanka at the Miss Universe 2024 pageant, held in Mexico.
A former National Basketball player, she is also involved in several projects, beneficial to the community, including financial literacy for single women-headed families in the country.
A banker by profession, Melloney hold a Bachelor’s Degree in Business Administration.

Melloney with Asanka de Mel of Lovi Sri Lanka
This extremely talented old girl of Holy Family Convent, Bambalapitiya, was in the limelight, once more, when she was seen on the ramp at Colombo Fashion Week.
It was her very first experience, at this prestigious event, and she loved every minute of it, she said, and, what’s more, she was featured on three consecutive days.
According to the itinerary, on day 01 she walked for Lovi Sri Lanka; day 02 Rizwan Beyg (Pakistan designer), Arsath Furkhan (Indian designer), Haoyi Yan (Chinese designer) and Samant Chauhan (Indian designer); and on day 03 Vaishali Shandangule (Indian designer).
In today’s edition of The Island SceneAround, we spotlight Melloney, on the ramp, at Colombo Fashion Week.
Melloney will also participate at Miss Grand All Stars to be held later in the year, in Thailand, as Miss Universe Sri Lanka 2024.
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