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No scientific evidence to prove bone fragments are relics of Arahant Anula – archaeologists

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By Saman Indrajith

There is no scientific evidence to prove that the recently-excavated bone fragments from an archaeology site at Mihintale monastery complex are relics of Arhant Anula Theri, according to senior archaeologists.

An exposition of the bone fragments was held at the Anula Devi stupa precincts on 20 Dec., and the organisers of the event claimed that they were relics of the Arahant Anlua Theri, who is considered the first Lankan female to be ordained by Theri Sanghamitta during the times of King Devanampiyatissa (247 BC-207 BC). They told the media that they would hold similar expositions across the country in 2023.

Director General of Archaeology Department Prof Anura Manatunga, contacted for comment, said that there was no scientific evidence to assign the bone fragments to any historical figure. “With resources available to us, we may be able to get a sample of these bone fragments dated in a foreign lab. That dating technique could give us the time period but not the name of the person. Even in that case, the dating labs usually give 100 years of margin of error for a single sample,” Prof Manatunga said.

 “We have no authority over religious leaders’ statements. We found an inscription bearing early-Brahmi scripts rendering the phrase ‘Anula thisa pavvata vehera’ during the excavations. It could be considered an inscription denoting the name of the site. Several days back, a group of bhikkhus informed us that they wanted to conduct a religious ceremony near the site where the ancient stupa had been excavated by our archaeologists and asked whether the findings of excavation could be displayed there. We granted their request and displayed the bone fragments. Bhikkhus worshipped them and called on people to pay homage because they were the relics of Theri Anula. We had no control over their beliefs and religious fervor.”

Archaeological Excavation Officer in charge of the site, AA Wijayarathna, said the bone fragment had been found in a clay reliquary among artefacts in the second phase of the site of ancient Anula Thisa stupa in the Mihintale complex. The site had been an earth mound determined to contain a stupa and the Archaeological Department commenced excavations on 26 Jan. 2022. The first phase ended in March but owing to the postponements caused by political upheavals and the resumption of the second phase was delayed till 26 Sept. “There is evidence of excavations carried out by unauthorised diggers, most probably treasure hunters from time to time,” he said, adding that scientific excavations had yielded an assortment of artefacts.

“Currently, the bone fragments are at the Excavation Data Analyzing Centre in the Anuradhapura branch of the Archaeology Department. It is better if we could send several samples for C-14 analysis abroad. The higher the number of samples zeroing in on a more accurate date is easy. “It is costly. In rupees the price for a single sample amounts to more than 500,000,” Wijayarathna said.

Scientific assertions would not be possible till the receipt of C-14 analysis report and other reports on typology of the artefacts. Once the ancient stupa was restored it would be conserved with the bone fragments being re-deposited there, he said.

Among the finds unearthed so far there were a reliquary of quartz crystal, clay reliquaries, metal artifacts including some items of jewelry, coins, a metal ringlet embedded in a piece of cloth and beads.

The area was declared a site of archaeological importance by the Archaeological Department in 1926. It is believed to be a part of a monastery complex in the Anuradhapura Period. Archaeologically verified and dated finds so far from the Anuladevi Cetiya site indicate that Queen Viharamahadevi built this temple in the Second Century BC. The Department of Archaeology has said: “It is believed that Queen Anula, who was ordained as the first Bhikkhuni in Sri Lanka resided together with her fellow bhikkhunis at this monastery. Artefacts such as the ruins of a dagoba, belonging to the early Anuradhapura Period, potsherds, beads, terracotta figurines and the remnants of building material had been discovered from this site.”

 



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New High-Definition (HD) Television Studio at the University of Vocational Technology handed over to students with the participation of the Prime Minister

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The newly equipped television studio, which had remained an incomplete component of the media complex constructed for the practical training of students at the University of Vocational Technology (UoVT), Ratmalana, was officially handed over to the students on Tuesday (26 May) with the participation of Prime Minister Dr. Harini Amarasuriya, following the installation of modern technological equipment and studio production facilities.

Following the opening of the television studio, several newly established affiliated centres aimed at expanding students’ practical and academic activities were also declared open.

Accordingly, a broadcasting studio providing opportunities for students to launch a range of educational services, including a web radio channel, an Artificial Intelligence Research Laboratory, and a Centre for Gender, Equity and Equality were inaugurated during the occasion.

Coinciding with the event, laptop computers were donated to support the uninterrupted continuation of the educational activities of students in at several schools affected by the recent floods and other natural disasters.  In addition, the “UoVT Greening Policy,” formulated with a comprehensive understanding of technology and environmental inter connectivity, was officially launched during the occasion.

Following this policy, all construction and development activities within the university are expected to be carried out based on green concepts, with the goal of transforming the university into a carbon-neutral environmental unit by the year 2030.

One of the key objectives of this initiative is to encourage students pursuing vocational education to engage more actively in employment opportunities within industries that prioritise green concepts and sustainability.

Following the event, the Prime Minister also engaged in a discussion with representatives of the university student unions.

The event was attended by the Deputy Minister of Vocational Education Nalin Hewage, Secretary to the Ministry of Education, Higher Education and Vocational Education Nalaka Kaluwewa, Vice Chancellor of the University of Vocational Technology, Professor K.M.G. Prasanna Premadasa, along with several distinguished invitees.

[Prime Minister’s Media Division]

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Banking sector claims its integrity intact despite ‘isolated incidents of fraud’

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Manatunge

Sri Lanka’s banking sector has provided a collective and categorical assurance that it remains stable, resilient, and secure despite a few recent isolated incidents of financial fraud, emphasising that these developments do not pose a threat to the safety of customer deposits or the overall integrity of the financial system.

While acknowledging that such incidents have understandably generated some concerns, the industry has reiterated that it is addressing these matters comprehensively and that it is well equipped to manage and mitigate these challenges. This assurance was conveyed in a statement issued to the media by the Sri Lanka Banks’ Association (SLBA), which represents all licensed commercial banks in the country.

Addressing recent reports of financial fraud and cyber-related incidents that have drawn heightened public attention, the Association underscored the strength of the sector’s fundamentals and the effectiveness of ongoing regulatory oversight and risk management frameworks.

“Recent reports of financial fraud and cyber-related incidents have understandably received public attention. Industry leaders and regulators emphasise, however, that the banking sector remains fundamentally strong, resilient, and well equipped to withstand such challenges, without compromising its core stability or the security of customer deposits,” the Chairman of the SLBA Sanath Manatunge stated.

He noted that while many social media posts are either misleading or carry inaccurate information, some recent cases, including electronic fund transfer fraud, have raised important questions about digital security. However, these incidents represent only a very small proportion relative to the substantial institutional capital buffers maintained by banks. Importantly, depositors are assured that customer funds remain secure, with any such losses being absorbed through institutional capital buffers rather than public deposits.

Other cybercrime cases reported in recent months, including phishing-related fraud which are not directly connected to the banking industry and hence do not manifest any vulnerabilities in the system, however underscore the evolving and increasingly sophisticated nature of digital threats faced by financial systems worldwide, the Chairman said, but stressed that these are isolated incidents and do not reflect systemic weaknesses across the banking industry.

Reinforcing this position, the Central Bank of Sri Lanka has confirmed that all licensed banks continue to maintain capital adequacy and liquidity ratios well above minimum regulatory requirements, the Association pointed out. The regulator has also reiterated its readiness to provide temporary liquidity support if required, ensuring the uninterrupted stability of the financial system.

“Sri Lanka’s banking sector collectively manages trillions of rupees in assets, supported by diversified portfolios and robust governance frameworks. This scale, combined with prudent risk management practices, provides a strong foundation for absorbing shocks while maintaining public confidence,” Manatunge said.

At the same time, the industry is actively strengthening its defences against emerging threats. Banks are continuously enhancing cybersecurity frameworks through investments in advanced Fraud Risk Management Systems, more rigorous monitoring protocols, and independent forensic audits. These efforts are complemented by ongoing regulatory and parliamentary initiatives aimed at strengthening governance, accountability, and transparency across the sector.

Recognising that customer awareness is a critical line of defence, banks have also intensified public education initiatives focused on safe digital practices. These include guidance on password security, phishing prevention, and the secure use of QR codes and other digital payment tools.

The SLBA noted that cyber fraud is not unique to Sri Lanka, with similar incidents reported in major economies around the world. In these markets, banking systems have remained stable, supported by strong regulatory oversight and continuous adaptation to emerging risks. Sri Lanka’s banking industry is demonstrating comparable resilience, with swift corrective measures and vigilant supervision reinforcing confidence in the system.

While recent incidents have highlighted certain challenges in the environment, the benefits of digital banking far outweigh such concerns, Manatunge added, reiterating that Sri Lanka’s financial sector remains robust, well-capitalised, and subject to close regulatory oversight. These incidents are isolated in nature and do not indicate systemic failure, and the corrective measures already underway are expected to further strengthen the sector’s resilience against future threats.

The SLBA concluded: “Sri Lanka’s banks continue to stand as pillars of stability, safeguarding customer deposits while supporting the country’s economic progress. We urge customers to remain vigilant in their own digital practices, even as the industry continues to enhance the safeguards that protect them.”

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Rivers remain mostly normal despite overnight rains; one basin on alert

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Most of the country’s major rivers remained at normal levels despite intermittent overnight rainfall, according to the Irrigation Department’s Hydrology and Disaster Management Division early Tuesday.

However, officials warned that the Kuda Ganga at Kalawellawa (Millakanda) had reached the “Alert” level and was showing a rising trend following heavy rainfall in the catchment areas.

Irrigation Department Director of Hydrology and Disaster Management, Eng. L.S. Sooriyabandara, said the department was closely monitoring the situation, particularly in low-lying areas vulnerable to sudden flooding.

“The majority of river basins are still within normal limits, but the Kuda Ganga has shown a notable increase due to rainfall recorded in upstream regions. Residents living near vulnerable riverbanks should remain vigilant,” he told The Island yesterday.

According to the Irrigation Department’s 3.00 a.m. hydrological update, the Kuda Ganga at Kalawellawa recorded a water level of 5.10 metres, above the alert threshold of 5.00 metres, with rainfall of 24.3 mm recorded during the previous 18 hours.

Hydrology officials noted that although several rivers in the south-western wet zone experienced moderate rainfall, water levels in major rivers including the Kelani, Kalu, Gin and Nilwala remained within safe margins.

The Kelani Ganga at Hanwella recorded 3.87 metres, while the Kalu Ganga at Ratnapura stood at 4.58 metres — both remaining well below flood levels.

Meanwhile, the Maguru Ganga at Magura received one of the highest rainfall readings at 56.8 mm, while the Kalu Ganga basin at Ratnapura received 51.8 mm during the 18-hour observation period.

A senior Disaster Management Centre (DMC) official said there was no immediate flood threat in most districts, but local authorities had been advised to remain alert due to the prevailing unstable weather conditions.

“We are coordinating with the Irrigation Department and district disaster management units. At present there is no major flood situation, but people in low-lying and landslide-prone areas should pay attention to weather advisories,” the official said.

The Department of Meteorology has forecast further showers in several parts of the country, particularly in the Western, Sabaragamuwa and Southern provinces.

Officials urged the public to avoid unnecessary travel through flood-prone roads during heavy rain and to stay updated through official weather and disaster management bulletins.

By Ifham Nizam

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