Features
Establishing a self-financing Disability Studies Unit a the University of Kelaniya
(Excerpted from Memories that Linger: My journey through the world of disability by Padmani Mendis)
We had entered the last decade of the millennium. And I had aged into my sixties. I was thoroughly involved in my work, travelling extensively. Often, I would be away for eight or nine months of the year; never continuously, always coming home in between assignments. And I was tired. Long standing diabetes and knees degenerating from Osteoarthrosis were taking their toll.
So I said to my Swedish friends that I would like to have others take over and now stay at home. Kristina would have none of it. “But you can’t stop teaching,” she said, “I understand what you say. Instead of you having to travel about, we will bring students to you.” This was the first of three remarkable incidents.
At about the same time, Einar’s replacement at WHO had discussed with me the need to institutionalise Community Based Rehabilitatuin (CBR) in academia. He asked me to look for a suitable university on my travels that will be willing to initiate CBR education. This was the second incident.
The third is when, not too long after this, I received a message from the Vice Chancellor of the University of Kelaniya in Sri Lanka, Professor M.M.J. Marasinghe, saying he would like to meet me. When we did so, he said that he would like to introduce disability as an area of interest to this university. Could I help him? Oh, could I!
A series of three coincidences. Destiny again?
I shared with the Vice Chancellor my work in CBR and my relationships with Radda Barnen, with WHO and with Uppsala University and their current thinking about the need for recognised education.
Prof. Marasinghe’s request was opportune. We could do something for sure. He brought in other faculty members for discussions. Prof. K. Tillekeratne, then Dean of the Faculty of Science was most supportive of the whole initiative. They would like to establish an educational activity in the Faculty of Medicine which was set up newly in 1991. Prof. Carlo Fonseka had been appointed its first Dean. He was invited to the discussions and was agreeable to the suggestion. This was now early January1993.
An International Delegation in Sri Lanka
One month later, a delegation of five headed by Yngve was in Sri Lanka. Others in the team were Einar’s successor in Geneva, Enrico Pupulin, Kristina Fenno from Radda Barnen, Tom Lagerwall from the Swedish Handicap Institute with whom also I had worked, and Ingrid Cornell, representing the Swedish International Development Agency which may provide financial support if the initiative was suitable.
I had arranged a programme for them to first meet Prof. Fonseka and decide on the preliminaries. With Prof. Fonseka later that morning the group met Prof. Marasinghe. In the afternoon Prof. Fonseka led the group to a long meeting with Prof. Arjuna Aluwihare, who was the Chairman of the University Grants Commission, UGC. Prof. Aluwihare and Yngve got on famously, sharing much in common as experienced medical academicians.
By the end of that meeting, a preliminary Memorandum of Understanding or MOU had been reached between the UGC and the international team. This was put into a draft document to be discussed further by each side before they next met.
The core of the draft was that a Disability Studies Unit (DSU) would be established at the Faculty of Medicine, Kelaniya University. It would function directly under the Dean. Its purpose would be CBR education, research and publications both at an international level and in Sri Lanka.
As an initial activity the DSU would organise and carry out over the next two years, two international courses in CBR, each six weeks in length, each for 20 – 25 participants. Financial support would be provided by SIDA and Radda Barnen and channelled through the International Child Health Unit or ICH of Uppsala University.
Details about how this would be done were also in the draft. When asked, the Swedish delegation made one request of Prof. Aluwihare. It was that I be given responsibility for the DSU and for the two initial CBR courses. Prof. Aluwihare looked at me and we smiled.
The same group met Prof. Aluwihare the next morning with further suggestions. The draft was finalised, made ready and signed by him and Yngve.
Late that afternoon, Yngve took a flight back to Sweden. All done and dusted within two days. The other team members stayed on until Friday, meeting relevant people for discussions. More information gathering really. Included was a field visit to a CBR project. We used this project later as one of the field study areas for the international course participants.
The Disability Studies Unit is Born
And so, the DSU came into being. Prof. Fonseka asked me to come in on an informal basis to get the DSU started until I was given a formal appointment. Prof. Fonseka was Professor of Physiology and I met him in his office. On this my first day he said to me, “Padmani, it will be easiest all round if I gave you space in this department.”
He took me to a large, spacious, airy room and said, “You can have this for the DSU.” It had a desk and a chair. I was happy with that. The post of “Course Director” was soon formally advertised and three applicants were interviewed. I took up my appointment on April 26, 1993.
There were two remarkable clauses in the Memorandum of Understanding. The first was that ICH (International Child Care Unit of the Unversity of Uppsala) would meet the cost of setting up the DSU. This included all the equipment we would need. Also, the salaries of three staff for the rest of the year, at the end of which Kelaniya University was expected to take over that cost.
It was this allocation that the Faculty used to employ for us Kodi and Senevi, two of my former physiotherapy colleagues. The three of us worked together to get the course going. They then participated in the first course to learn more about CBR. They became teachers on the local courses we organised.
Before he left, Yngve had asked me to make a list of the equipment that the Disability Studies Unit, DSU, would require and fax it to him as soon as possible. He said particularly, “Don’t forget to include a vehicle for your use.”
The second remarkable clause was that the two CBR courses were arranged on a “sell-buy” basis. The DSU sold each course wholesale to ICH to buy using funds provided by SIDA and Radda Barnen. This was Yngve’s innovation, with Prof. Aluwihare’s unhesitating concurrence. The DSU arranged the residential course programme, invited and hosted resource persons, estimated the cost of the course per participant and forwarded it to the ICH at Uppsala University.
ICH selected 20 – 25 international participants and forwarded to us information about them. We made arrangements for each participant’s return travel and made sure their itinerary and travel tickets reached them in time. Each was met at the airport and brought to the course venue and residence, the Mount Royal Beach Hotel, Mount Lavinia, then under Sri Lankan ownership.
ICH paid us for all these. On the first course the participants came from 12 countries. On the second, from 14 countries. The cooperation of Thomas Cook, Colombo was memorable indeed. There were no travel hitches for any single participant. That was their achievement.
The First International Course on Community-Based Rehabilitation
Yngve attended the first course to launch the cooperation and the course. In his honour, we asked the hotel to have all the flowers in blue (manel) and yellow (araliya) flowers. The hotel was amazed, remarking that these flowers are not expensive. To us it was not the cost, but the colours and the beauty of the flowers that was important. Blue and yellow are the colours of Sweden. The hotel had gone to town and placed them all over. Making the room quite festive and beautiful. We had large flags of both countries on each side of the top table.
We arranged travel and accommodation for our international resource persons in the same way. We invited Einar to both courses. He came willingly to share both his experience and his happiness about the whole thing. Other resource persons were “Baby” Estrella from the Philippines to share her experience of disability as a wheelchair user and Joy Valdez to share hers as a CBR pioneer in the same country.
For the second course and thereafter, we invited Joy as well as Javed Abidi from New Delhi to share his experience of disability and as that of a successful activist. We also had other international resource persons for specific modules. And eminent Sri Lankans for special topics.
Sri Lankan disabled people were always invited as resource persons as soon as we could, no later than the second day. There were a few participants who had never had prior exposure to disabled people. This was not surprising – those were the times.
The First Self-Financing Unit
There was a very significant and carefully planned outcome of this sell-buy agreement. Planned by Yngve. When the DSU costed each course, we could add a percentage of the total as the cost of organising it and of running it. This was profit that we maintained in our own bank account. The Faculty though, was responsible for it and only its staff could sign cheques. We could only see the monthly statements. We followed the same practice with all the local courses that we did.
Uppsala paid us in USD. For this, we were given permission by the Central Bank to maintain a USD account at the People’s Bank NRFC branch. An exceptional approval at that time. So the DSU (Disability Studies Unit) was wealthy! But we didn’t just accumulate this wealth. We used some of our profits to run our unit. We paid our own salaries, met the costs of running our own vehicle and hiring our own driver, and of all the material we needed for the unit. All fair and square and we donated a share to the Faculty. And we invested any to spare in fixed deposits so as to add to our capital.
The DSU was a profit-making venture. It was financially independent. And it was the first self-financing unit in our university system.
The DSU was the only section in the faculty that had its own vehicle. The Dean would ask for it whenever his was not available. Other faculty members felt free to do the same. Those were the early days of computers, and we had three; we had our fax machine, own phone line, photocopier, a library and absolutely all the equipment required to run the Unit. So it was no surprise that many faculty members were often in and out of our room. It was not long therefore that the DSU became “a part” of the faculty.
When that Memorandum of Understanding ended Yngve had retired and his replacement had taken over. He had not proved himself to SIDA so our MOU could not be extended. But the purpose of the MOU was achieved. DSU was now established in the faculty. It would grow.
And grow it did with increasing demands on our work. Made possible by Prof. Fonseka’s unstinting support. We ran two more similar international courses in the next three years. One was at the request of the two WHO Regional Offices for South East Asia and for the Western Pacific. The other we organised ourselves. I had still been doing international work and travelling. The DSU had good relationships with sponsors who had sent us participants over the three years. We advertised our course to these contacts. An adequate number purchased places on our course to enable us to run it independently.
By the time we completed just the four international activities, we had reached and prepared 89 participants from 27 countries to improve in one way or another, the situations and lives of countless disabled people in their own countries.
Features
Combining local resources,traditional knowledge and science to build a food-secure Sri Lanka
World Food Day 2026: Innovating today for a better food future
by Dr. Kaushalya Wijayasekara
What will be on the Sri Lankan dinner table ten years from now? Will our children be able to get nutritious food at a price their families can afford? Will farmers be able to grow enough despite changing weather and rising costs? And how much of the food we produce will actually reach the consumer, instead of being lost or wasted along the way?
These questions can’t wait. A farmer faces unpredictable weather. A family faces rising food costs. Fruit goes unsold after a good harvest. Some children do not get enough nutrition. The future of food is tied to the future of Sri Lanka itself.
World Food Day 2026 is a chance to look beyond the immediate problems and ask whether we can build a food system that feeds our people well, gives farmers better opportunities, protects the environment and makes better use of what we already have. The answer can be yes, but we will have to think differently.
We are not starting from zero. Sri Lanka has diverse crops, fisheries, traditional food knowledge, indigenous varieties, research institutions, universities and a young generation able to create new solutions. What we need is to bring these together and act. Producing more will not secure our food future on its own. It will depend on how intelligently we produce, process, preserve, distribute and consume food.
Making more of what we already have
Innovation does not always mean inventing something new. Often it means finding better uses for the resources we have.
Sri Lanka grows traditional rice varieties, kurakkan, green gram, cowpea, jackfruit, breadfruit, cassava, sweet potato, coconut and palmyrah. All of them have great potential for modern, nutritious, value-added foods. Jackfruit and breadfruit can be made into flour and other convenient products. Traditional rice varieties can go into new foods that suit changing consumer needs. Palmyrah, with its strong cultural heritage, can create new income through better processing, packaging, quality assurance and market development.
The aim is to connect our traditional food knowledge with modern consumer needs and technology, while keeping our food heritage.
Stop wasting the food we produce
Reducing food loss and waste should be a major priority. Seasonal fruits such as mango, banana, papaya and pineapple can be lost in large quantities when production exceeds demand or when storage, transport and processing facilities are inadequate. With suitable technology, these fruits can become dried products, pulps, powders, beverages and other shelf-stable foods.
Agricultural and fisheries by-products are resources too. They could be turned into food ingredients, animal feed, bio-based products and other useful materials, which would move us toward a more circular food economy.
Technology alone is not enough. We need stronger local processing facilities, cold storage, efficient transport, collection centres and market information systems, especially close to where food is produced. Cutting food loss raises the value of what our farmers and fishers already produce.
Nutrition and food safety come first
Food security means more than having enough food. People also need food that is safe and nutritious.
Sri Lanka can develop affordable, nutritious foods from local pulses, grains, vegetables, fruits and fish. Children and other vulnerable groups should get particular attention. Schoolchildren in particular deserve a focus: safe, nutritious, locally sourced products for school feeding programs would support child nutrition, local farmers and domestic food industries at the same time.
Food safety must stay at the centre of food innovation. Good hygiene, quality control, laboratory testing, traceability and appropriate food safety systems are what make new products safe as well as attractive and nutritious.
A food system that can cope with climate change
Climate change is already affecting agricultural production, water availability, crop yields and food prices. We need food systems that can handle changing conditions. That means climate-resilient crops, efficient water use, soil and water conservation, better storage and resource-efficient food processing.
Traditional knowledge matters here. Generations of Sri Lankan farmers have developed practices suited to local climates and ecosystems. Combining that experience with modern science can give us solutions that fit local conditions and are sustainable. Technology alone will not build the future of food. Science, experience and local knowledge together can.
Give young people a bigger role
Sri Lanka’s universities have an important part to play in shaping our food future. Young people should be encouraged to identify real problems in the food system and work on practical solutions in areas such as food waste, sustainable packaging, nutrition, food safety, modernising traditional foods and digital technologies.
A good research project should not always end as a research paper. Where appropriate, research should be supported to move on to products, technologies, enterprises and community solutions. That needs stronger partnerships between universities and industry, along with mentoring, research funding, business support and market connections. If young researchers and entrepreneurs can turn their ideas into viable food innovations, both consumers and producers will benefit.
A pathway designed for Sri Lanka
We do not need to copy food-system models from other countries. We can build a pathway that suits our own resources, culture and needs. It would bring together local resources, traditional knowledge, scientific research, appropriate technology and entrepreneurship, with farmers, fishers, universities, research institutions, food industries, entrepreneurs and policymakers working side by side.
The goal goes beyond selling raw materials. We need to create more value, reduce waste, improve nutrition, generate jobs and strengthen rural livelihoods. This matters especially for small and medium-scale food enterprises, which can drive local economic development when they get the right technical, financial and market support.
The choices we make today
The food future will not create itself. It will be shaped by what we grow, what we research, what we process, what we consume and what we choose not to waste.
So, the question for World Food Day 2026 is this: what can we do today so that every Sri Lankan has safe, nutritious, affordable and sustainable food tomorrow?
The answers are already around us, in our farms, fisheries, food businesses, universities, laboratories and communities. We have the resources, the traditional knowledge, the scientific expertise and talented young people. What we need now is to connect them and act.
A better food future begins with the choices we make today.
Dr. Kaushalya Wijayasekara
Senior Lecturer, Department of Biosystems Technology, Faculty of Technology, University of Ruhuna
Features
20th Anniversary of Digampathana blast – the day Sri Lanka Navy cried
By Admiral Ravindra C Wijegunaratne
WV, RWP and Bar, RSP, VSV, USP, NI (M) (Pakistan), ndc, psn, Bsc
(Hons) (War Studies) (Karachi) MPhil (Madras)
Former Navy Commander and Former Chief of Defence Staff
Former Chairman, Trincomalee Petroleum Terminals Ltd
Former Managing Director Ceylon Petroleum Corporation
Former High Commissioner to Pakistan
The Digampathana suicide truck attack on 16th October 2006 remains the deadliest single strike in Sri Lanka Navy history, leaving scars that time cannot erase.
It was a seemingly ordinary Monday morning on 16 October 2006, but the calm of that day would soon be shattered in a way none of us could have imagined. As the Commandant of the Naval and Maritime Academy and Flag Officer Commanding Naval Fleet at Trincomalee, I was aware that a number of my cadets were travelling that morning, part of a convoy of fifteen buses carrying naval personnel from Trincomalee, Colombo, and other bases, heading toward Dambulla to rendezvous with another group. The convoy also included trucks and escort vehicles, a routine movement planned and coordinated with the army to ensure the roads were clear. The morning started quietly. Some personnel greeted friends, handed over their weapons, or strolled to a nearby tea shop. It all seemed so ordinary—too ordinary for what would come next.

Sri Lanka Navy sunk LTTE Ships carrying arms, ammunition and warlike materials thousand miles away from Sri Lanka in Indian Ocean in September and October 2007.
By late morning, both convoys had reached the small ground at Digampathana, near the Sigiriya junction, and personnel mingled briefly, unaware that a carefully orchestrated act of terror was waiting. Then, suddenly, an empty half-truck veered directly into the convoy. It exploded with a ferocity I can still recall as if it were yesterday. Nuts, bolts, and high explosives tore through the air. Pandemonium erupted instantly. I later learned that 107 of our naval personnel were killed on the spot and another 153 critically injured. The scene was indescribable—bodies scattered, vehicles mangled, personal effects strewn across the ground. I remember later hearing that the head of the suicide bomber was recovered more than 100 meters away from the blast, a grim testament to the sheer force of the explosion.
I was in my office at the Naval and Maritime Academy when my mobile phone rang. A young midshipman from the 21st intake called, his voice trembling: “Sir, there was a huge explosion at the convoy point! Many are dead … my batch mate Wijesundara is among them.” I immediately jumped into my jeep with my escort Chief Petty Officer and driver and rushed to Digampathana, relying on every ounce of my driving skill to reach the scene. The journey, which usually took little more than an hour, felt endless that day, each passing mile weighed down by dread.
When I arrived, I was confronted with a sight that no training can prepare you for. The injured were being rushed to Dambulla Hospital, where doctors and nurses worked tirelessly, improvising in ways that saved lives despite the overwhelming chaos. I went back to the site after visiting the hospital. The remains of our naval personnel were scattered across the ground, and someone had begun collecting weapons and protective gear. I immediately contacted Surgeon Rear Admiral Nico Jayasekara and received his instructions: collect all body parts in separate bags and transport them to the Trincomalee Naval Hospital mortuary. This gruesome work had to be done with care and dignity, and it filled the icebox in my vehicle. Through DNA testing initiated by Rear Admiral Nico, we were able to identify every naval personnel lost that day, bringing some closure to grieving families.
The Navy Commander at the time, Vice Admiral Wasantha Karannagoda, was devastated. I had worked closely with him and knew how deeply he cared for his men. He ensured that the fallen were honoured with full ceremonial naval funerals at Welisara Naval Base, attended by families and comrades. Sixty-seven funerals were conducted in a single day—a number that still haunts me.
The Digampathana attack remains the largest single loss of naval life in our history. It was a day of sorrow, but also a day that reinforced our resolve. The tragedy galvanized the Navy to target the LTTE Sea Tiger wing with renewed determination and reshaped our maritime operations forever. Every time I think of that day, I remember not just the lives lost, but the courage, professionalism, and dedication of those who survived, those who treated the injured, and those who ensured the fallen were honored properly. May the souls of our naval hero’s rest in peace, their sacrifice guiding us and inspiring generations of naval personnel to come.
Features
‘Murder at Whitby Abbey’
Tales of Mystery and Suspense – 24
I was intrigued by the title of a book I found in a book drop at the condominium of a friend, Murder at Whitby Abbey, and I brought it home with me though I will not be able to return it in the near future. It was described on the cover page as ‘a standout in the crowded medieval mystery field’, though I fear I do not know of other books in this field, apart from the Cadfael series, which I have dealt with earlier.
The book, by Cassandra Clark, is set during the reign of Richard II and has as a backdrop his precarious position, which led to his being replaced, and murdered, by his cousin Henry, who reigned as Henry IV. It is a gloomy book, the action taking place in the twelve days of Christmas leading up to the Epiphany. And the gloom is pervasive, even though this is supposed to be a time of festivity, with mummers performing, and many of those in the guest house where the heroine stays going to town to enjoy themselves, with much drinking and much music, which also fills the guesthouse.
The heroine Hildegarde is a nun, sent to try to acquire a relic being sold by Whitby Abbey, though this was also a penance set by the Abbot of the monastery that governed her abbess because she had had sex with a man. Soon after she and her companions reach the Abbey set high on a cliff, she finds that there are other bidders, and soon suspects that the hierarchy, not perhaps the Abbot who seems a weakling, but his rapacious bursar, is determined to make money, and not above creating false relics to sell to several aspirants.
After Hildegarde and her Cistercian companions – Whitby is a Benedictine Foundation – two monks, Gregory and Egbert, and a young priest Mark, reach the abbey, they find that Aelwyn, a monk they had met on their way to the guesthouse had died. This was in the apple store, and they realize, when they find the surplices of novices stuffed into the air vents, that he had been left to suffocate in the overwhelming scent of apples.
The Cistercians are asked to look into the death, perhaps because they are likely to get no cooperation from the Abbey folk, but perhaps because those in charge are keen to know what happened. And the infirmarer, an old monk, suggests Hildegarde talk to a man called Edred who worked for the bursar, and had been a friend of Aelwyn’s. But Edred too is killed, before he can keep an appointment he had made with Hildegarde, drowned in a pool near the farmhouse of the Abbey.
Meanwhile tensions arise between the fisherfolk and the abbey for the bursar wants to charge them for using the beach that technically belongs to the abbey to dry their fish and their nets. This leads to physical battles, when the guards used by the abbey, under the command it seems of the bursar whose determination to make money is not resisted by the abbot and the prior, try to storm the area where the fishermen live.
Hildegard finds out more about what had happened through two youngsters, one of whom Torold is the son of Aelwyn by a woman who worked as a prostitute for a cartel, and with whom Mark fell in love. The other works on the farm and had seen Edred meet someone near the pool, after which that someone left the place by himself. And the boy had also found in the pool a sort of dagger with the seal of the abbey.
He and his dog, and Torold who follows her, rescue Hildegarde from a man at arms who has waylaid her and tries to rape her earlier. Escaping into the abbey she was nearly been raped then by the bursar, but she managed to escape, in the process setting fire to him and the muniments room, which led, when he was rescued, to the discovery of a box with the money he said had been stolen, blame being cast on both Aelwyn and Edred.
Matters come to a head when the fisherfolk try to storm the abbey, being resisted by the men at arms stationed on the towers. But then Hildegarde realizes that behind the murders was the bursar’s clerk, whom she pursued to the cathedral. There is great drama then as she escapes from him when he tries to kill her, and then from the man at arms who had tried to both rape and kill her, but they both fall from the scaffolding she had climbed, the latter coming from a tower where he had been stationed.
Both of them think they run the rapacity of the abbey, the latter claiming to work for the nobles opposed to Richard, who is presented throughout the book as devoted to his subjects, not to power or money. But though the villains die, the bursar continues, having got over the hysteria the fire had caused and his acknowledgment then of guilt – and though the abbot and the prior seem less vicious, whether they will be able to assert themselves is questionable.
Before the climax, when the others in the guesthouse were leaving, Hildegarde found that two of them were in possession of the relic, for which they seem to have paid well. Hildegarde herself had made a derisory offer, but before she leaves the abbot gives her the relic, perhaps in gratitude for what she and her fellow Cistercians had discovered, the abbey having made as much money as it needed and more from the gullible other buyers.
Mark’s inamorata is saved from the stews because she moves in with Edred’s widow whom the bursar had thrown out of the rooms he occupied when her husband was found dead. Hildegarde had paid for lodgings, in a house run by the man who ran the brothels, but he had a kindly side and was going to finance them to make nets for the fishermen.
So, the Cistercians set off for their home as swiftly as they can to get there on the day of the Epiphany, having stopped en route to pray for King Richard whose birthday it was.
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