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Deficit in merchandise trade account narrows

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External Sector Performance – March 2023

The deficit in the merchandise trade account narrowed to US dollars 412 million in March 2023, from US dollars 761 million in March 2022, mainly due to the subdued level of imports, compared to a year earlier. However, the trade deficit in March 2023 widened significantly, compared to February 2023, reflecting the increase in imports due to seasonal demand. The cumulative deficit in the trade account during January-March 2023 was US dollars 861 million, declined from US dollars 2,397 million recorded over the same period in 2022. The major contributory factors for this change in trade balance are shown in Figure 1.

Overall Exports: The merchandise exports recovered in March 2023 recording over US dollars 1 billion for the first time during 2023. However, earnings from merchandise exports declined marginally by 2.0 per cent in March 2023, year-on-year, to US dollars 1,037 million. The decline in earnings from industrial exports, including garments, mainly contributed to the decline in export earnings in March 2023, compared to a year earlier. Meanwhile, export earnings have improved on a month-on-month basis mainly due to higher exports of gems, diamonds and jewellery and rubber products. Cumulative export earnings during January-March 2023 recorded at US dollars 2,998 million, a decline of 7.9 per cent over the same period in the last year.

Industrial Exports: Earnings from the exports of industrial goods declined in March 2023, compared to March 2022, with a significant share of the decline being contributed by garments. Accordingly, exports of garments to most of the major markets (the USA, the EU and the UK) recorded declines. Earnings from the export of petroleum products decreased due to the decline in the average export prices of bunker fuel exports. In contrast, earnings from machinery and mechanical appliances (mainly, machinery and equipment parts); gems, diamonds, and jewellery; and rubber products (mainly, rubber tires) increased in March 2023.

Agricultural Exports: Earnings from the export of agricultural goods increased in March 2023, compared to a year ago, mainly due to the increase in earnings from tea, spices (primarily, cinnamon and cloves) and seafood (primarily, processed fish). Earnings from tea exports improved due to the increase in average export prices of tea although the volume continued its declining trend owing to the lagged effect of fertiliser shortages. However, there was a decline in export earnings from coconut related products (primarily, desiccated coconut and fibres), minor agricultural products (primarily, arecanuts) and natural rubber in March 2023.

Mineral Exports: Earnings from mineral exports increased in March 2023, compared to March 2022, mainly due to the increase in exports of granite under earths and stone.

Overall Imports: Import expenditure increased significantly to US dollars 1,450 million in March 2023, compared to US dollars 1,021 million in February 2023, due to seasonal demand and the partial recovery in fuel imports. However, continuing the year-on-year declining trend since early 2022, the import expenditure declined by 20.3 per cent in March 2023. The year-on-year decline in expenditure was observed in all major import sectors, although the decline in intermediate and investment goods was substantial. Meanwhile, cumulative import expenditure during January-March 2023 declined by 31.7 per cent over the corresponding period in 2022.

Consumer Goods: Expenditure on the importation of consumer goods declined in March 2023, compared to a year ago, due to lower expenditure on food and beverages imports although non-food consumer goods imports recorded a marginal increase. The decline in import expenditure on food and beverages goods was broad-based, with a notable drop in imports of cereals and milling industry products (mainly, rice), dairy products, spices and fruits. In contrast, expenditure on non-food consumer goods increased marginally due to higher medical and pharmaceuticals (mainly, medicaments), while most of other subcategories declined, compared to March 2022.

Intermediate Goods: Expenditure on the importation of intermediate goods declined in March 2023, compared to a year ago, driven by lower imports of fuel, plastics and articles thereof, and textiles and textile articles (primarily, fabrics). However, almost all subsectors under intermediate goods increased in March 2023, compared to the previous month, in that import expenditure on fuel increased by over 90 per cent, month-on-month. A sizable decline was recorded in the importation of rubber and articles thereof, base metals (primarily, iron and steel) and chemical products. However, the categories of intermediate goods that recorded an increase include wheat, fertiliser and agricultural inputs (primarily, animal fodder), compared to a year ago.

Investment Goods: Import expenditure on investment goods declined significantly in March 2023, compared to March 2022. Almost all types of goods listed under the three main investment good categories, namely machinery and equipment, building material and transport equipment, recorded a decline. (CBSL)



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ADB-backed grid upgrade tender signals next phase of Sri Lanka’s energy transition

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Solar panels – central to renewable energy generation

In a move that highlights Sri Lanka’s accelerating push toward a more resilient and renewable-powered electricity system, the National System Operator Private Limited (NSO) has called for international bids to modernise the country’s core grid management infrastructure.

The tender—issued under the Power System Strengthening and Renewable Energy Integration Project (PSSREIP)—is backed by the Asian Development Bank (ADB), reflecting continued multilateral confidence in Sri Lanka’s energy reform trajectory despite recent economic headwinds.

At the heart of the project is the integration of a Renewable Energy Management System (REMS) with a fully upgraded SCADA/EMS platform at the National System Control Centre. While technical in appearance, energy experts say the implications are far-reaching: this is the digital backbone required for managing a grid increasingly dominated by intermittent renewable sources.

“This is not just another infrastructure upgrade—it’s a systems transformation,” a senior power sector analyst said. “Without this layer of intelligence, scaling up solar and wind becomes operationally risky.”

Sri Lanka has in recent years expanded its renewable energy footprint, particularly in solar and wind. But the lack of advanced real-time forecasting and dispatch capabilities has often limited how much of that energy can be safely absorbed into the grid. The proposed REMS integration directly addresses that bottleneck.

From a financial perspective, the project also highlights the continued role of concessional development financing in de-risking large-scale energy investments. The ADB’s involvement ensures not only funding support but also procurement discipline through its Open Competitive Bidding (OCB) framework—seen by analysts as a safeguard for transparency and technical quality.

The tender sets a relatively high bar for bidders, requiring prior experience in similar large-scale contracts exceeding USD 6 million and a minimum average annual turnover of USD 16 million. This suggests the project is likely to attract major international engineering and energy technology firms, potentially opening the door for advanced grid solutions and knowledge transfer.

Beyond its technical scope, the initiative comes at a critical time for Sri Lanka’s energy economy. Rising generation costs, fuel import pressures, and the need for tariff stability have intensified the urgency for efficiency gains within the system. A smarter grid—capable of optimising dispatch and reducing losses—could ease some of these structural pressures.

Moreover, the project aligns with Sri Lanka’s broader climate commitments and long-term goal of increasing renewable energy penetration. Analysts note that without investments in grid intelligence and flexibility, renewable targets risk remaining aspirational rather than achievable.

The deadline for bid submissions is May 14, 2026, with implementation expected to span approximately 18 months from contract award.

If executed effectively, the NSO-led initiative could mark a decisive shift—from a conventional grid struggling with variability to a digitally enabled system capable of managing the complexities of a modern energy mix.

For policymakers, investors, and consumers alike, the message is clear: the transition to clean energy is no longer just about adding megawatts—it is about building the intelligence to manage them.

By Ifham Nizam

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Update on independent forensic review

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We wish to provide an update on the actions being taken following the recently identified incident.

In line with the Corporate Disclosure made on 23rd April 2026 and as indicated in our 6th April 2026 Corporate Disclosure, an independent forensic review focused specifically on the fraudulent transactions has been initiated and will be conducted by Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu India LLP, a globally recognized firm with expertise in forensic investigations. This process is being carried out in consultation with, and in line with recommendations from, the Director of Bank Supervision of the Central Bank of Sri Lanka.

The forensic review will examine the circumstances surrounding the fraudulent transactions, including any lapses in controls, oversight, and governance during the relevant period. Its findings, including any interim updates and the final report, will be submitted directly to the Central Bank of Sri Lanka.

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Pathiraja appointed Controller General of Immigration and Emigration

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Chaminda Pathiraja

In a move aimed at reinforcing institutional stability and administrative efficiency, the Cabinet of Ministers has approved the permanent appointment of Iraj Chaminda Pathiraja as Controller General of Immigration and Emigration.

Pathiraja, a senior officer in the Special Grade of the Sri Lanka Administrative Service (SLAS), had been serving in the position in an acting capacity since May 2025. His confirmation to the top post signals continuity in leadership at a time when the country is seeking to strengthen border management and streamline migration processes.

The proposal for his appointment was submitted by Ananda Wijepala, Minister of Public Security and Parliamentary Affairs, and received Cabinet approval this week.

Government sources said the decision reflects confidence in Pathiraja’s administrative experience and his performance during his tenure as acting Controller General. His role is considered critical in overseeing Sri Lanka’s immigration framework, including visa issuance, border control operations, and emigration regulation.

The Department of Immigration and Emigration plays a key role in national security architecture, particularly amid evolving regional mobility trends and increasing demand for efficient public services. Officials noted that stable leadership is essential to ensure policy consistency and operational effectiveness.

Pathiraja’s appointment comes at a time when Sri Lanka is placing renewed emphasis on governance reforms within the public sector. Strengthening institutional capacity, improving service delivery, and enhancing transparency have been identified as key priorities.

Analysts say the confirmation of a permanent Controller General is expected to support ongoing efforts to modernize immigration systems, including digitalization initiatives and improved coordination with international counterparts.

The government has also underscored the importance of maintaining a balance between facilitating legitimate travel and safeguarding national interests, particularly in the context of global migration challenges.

By Ifham Nizam

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