Business
Deficit in merchandise trade account narrows
External Sector Performance – March 2023
The deficit in the merchandise trade account narrowed to US dollars 412 million in March 2023, from US dollars 761 million in March 2022, mainly due to the subdued level of imports, compared to a year earlier. However, the trade deficit in March 2023 widened significantly, compared to February 2023, reflecting the increase in imports due to seasonal demand. The cumulative deficit in the trade account during January-March 2023 was US dollars 861 million, declined from US dollars 2,397 million recorded over the same period in 2022. The major contributory factors for this change in trade balance are shown in Figure 1.
Overall Exports: The merchandise exports recovered in March 2023 recording over US dollars 1 billion for the first time during 2023. However, earnings from merchandise exports declined marginally by 2.0 per cent in March 2023, year-on-year, to US dollars 1,037 million. The decline in earnings from industrial exports, including garments, mainly contributed to the decline in export earnings in March 2023, compared to a year earlier. Meanwhile, export earnings have improved on a month-on-month basis mainly due to higher exports of gems, diamonds and jewellery and rubber products. Cumulative export earnings during January-March 2023 recorded at US dollars 2,998 million, a decline of 7.9 per cent over the same period in the last year.
Industrial Exports: Earnings from the exports of industrial goods declined in March 2023, compared to March 2022, with a significant share of the decline being contributed by garments. Accordingly, exports of garments to most of the major markets (the USA, the EU and the UK) recorded declines. Earnings from the export of petroleum products decreased due to the decline in the average export prices of bunker fuel exports. In contrast, earnings from machinery and mechanical appliances (mainly, machinery and equipment parts); gems, diamonds, and jewellery; and rubber products (mainly, rubber tires) increased in March 2023.
Agricultural Exports: Earnings from the export of agricultural goods increased in March 2023, compared to a year ago, mainly due to the increase in earnings from tea, spices (primarily, cinnamon and cloves) and seafood (primarily, processed fish). Earnings from tea exports improved due to the increase in average export prices of tea although the volume continued its declining trend owing to the lagged effect of fertiliser shortages. However, there was a decline in export earnings from coconut related products (primarily, desiccated coconut and fibres), minor agricultural products (primarily, arecanuts) and natural rubber in March 2023.
Mineral Exports: Earnings from mineral exports increased in March 2023, compared to March 2022, mainly due to the increase in exports of granite under earths and stone.
Overall Imports: Import expenditure increased significantly to US dollars 1,450 million in March 2023, compared to US dollars 1,021 million in February 2023, due to seasonal demand and the partial recovery in fuel imports. However, continuing the year-on-year declining trend since early 2022, the import expenditure declined by 20.3 per cent in March 2023. The year-on-year decline in expenditure was observed in all major import sectors, although the decline in intermediate and investment goods was substantial. Meanwhile, cumulative import expenditure during January-March 2023 declined by 31.7 per cent over the corresponding period in 2022.
Consumer Goods: Expenditure on the importation of consumer goods declined in March 2023, compared to a year ago, due to lower expenditure on food and beverages imports although non-food consumer goods imports recorded a marginal increase. The decline in import expenditure on food and beverages goods was broad-based, with a notable drop in imports of cereals and milling industry products (mainly, rice), dairy products, spices and fruits. In contrast, expenditure on non-food consumer goods increased marginally due to higher medical and pharmaceuticals (mainly, medicaments), while most of other subcategories declined, compared to March 2022.
Intermediate Goods: Expenditure on the importation of intermediate goods declined in March 2023, compared to a year ago, driven by lower imports of fuel, plastics and articles thereof, and textiles and textile articles (primarily, fabrics). However, almost all subsectors under intermediate goods increased in March 2023, compared to the previous month, in that import expenditure on fuel increased by over 90 per cent, month-on-month. A sizable decline was recorded in the importation of rubber and articles thereof, base metals (primarily, iron and steel) and chemical products. However, the categories of intermediate goods that recorded an increase include wheat, fertiliser and agricultural inputs (primarily, animal fodder), compared to a year ago.
Investment Goods: Import expenditure on investment goods declined significantly in March 2023, compared to March 2022. Almost all types of goods listed under the three main investment good categories, namely machinery and equipment, building material and transport equipment, recorded a decline. (CBSL)
Business
UN Global Compact Network Sri Lanka mobilizes business to lead with purpose
As businesses navigate an increasingly complex operating environment shaped by workforce transformation, evolving stakeholder expectations, technological disruption and shifting market demands, strengthening performance requires more than new strategies. It requires new ways of thinking, leading, and collaborating.
It was against this backdrop that UN Global Compact Network Sri Lanka convened CATALYZE 2026: Social, bringing together business leaders, sustainability practitioners, policymakers, development partners and industry experts to mobilize collective action and equip businesses with the knowledge, partnerships and practical approaches needed to strengthen performance through responsible business.
More than a forum for dialogue, CATALYZE 2026 was designed to help businesses think differently about performance. It reinforced that long-term success is increasingly shaped by how organizations lead, uphold human rights, foster inclusive workplaces, strengthen ethical governance, and build cultures that enable innovation, resilience and trust. Responsible business is no longer separate from business performance — it is fundamental to it.
Aligned with the UN Global Compact’s 2026–2030 Global Strategy, the Forum reflected its three strategic pillars — Equip, Catalyze and Advance — by strengthening business capability, fostering collaboration and mobilizing leadership to accelerate progress on social sustainability.
UN Global Compact Network Sri Lanka’s approach to social sustainability centres on driving this change — recognizing that meaningful progress comes not only through policies and commitments, but through the everyday decisions, leadership behaviours and organizational cultures that shape how businesses operate. CATALYZE 2026: Social encouraged participants to move beyond intention towards implementation, embedding responsible business practices into strategy, governance and organizational culture.
Opening the CATALYZE 2026: Social, Rathika de Silva, Executive Director of UN Global Compact Network Sri Lanka, spoke to the role of responsible business leadership in strengthening Sri Lanka’s global competitiveness:
“Sri Lanka has the workforce, resilience, and opportunity to compete not by being the cheapest producer, but by becoming the most trusted. As global expectations evolve, compliance is no longer simply a cost of doing business — it is the foundation of market access, and the decisions we make today will determine how strongly we compete in the markets of the future.”
The Forum featured keynote addresses, leadership dialogues and technical sessions on the issues shaping the future of business, including business integrity and anti-corruption, human rights, neurodiversity and inclusive workplaces, artificial intelligence and the future of jobs, the Women’s Empowerment Principles (WEPs), responsible sustainability communications, and workforce resilience. Together, these discussions highlighted how responsible leadership, inclusive practices, and strong governance contribute to organizational resilience, innovation, and long-term performance.
Business
A regional conversation on the future of English language teaching
Free British Council online conference brings together leading educators from across South Asia to explore how creativity, inclusion and technology can help prepare learners for a rapidly changing world
The British Council has announced the South Asia TeachingEnglish Online Conference 2026, a free three-day event that will convene educators, researchers and teacher educators from across the region to examine one of the most pressing questions facing education today: how can schools equip learners with the creativity, adaptability and communication skills needed to thrive in an increasingly complex world?
Taking place from 23–25 July 2026, the online conference comes at a time when education systems across South Asia are grappling with the challenge of balancing curriculum demands, assessment pressures and evolving learner needs. While English remains a critical gateway to academic and professional opportunities, educators are increasingly seeking approaches that move beyond language acquisition alone to foster critical thinking, collaboration, learner agency and participation.
Business
The Ceylon Chamber convenes dialogue on energy security and standards for Sri Lanka’s energy transition
The Ceylon Chamber of Commerce recently hosted a discussion titled “Energy Transition in Sri Lanka: Strategic Insights from Global Markets”, bringing together representatives from the public and private sectors, industry experts, academics, and other stakeholders to examine the opportunities and challenges associated with Sri Lanka’s evolving energy landscape.
Held at a time when countries around the world are accelerating their transition towards cleaner, more resilient, and technology-driven energy systems, the event provided a timely platform to examine renewable energy not only as an environmental priority but as a strategic pillar of national energy security, with implications for economic growth and long-term competitiveness. The discussion also considered the increasing importance of reliable energy infrastructure in meeting the growing demands of digital transformation, including emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, electric mobility, and data centres.
The programme covered a wide range of topics relevant to Sri Lanka’s energy future, including renewable energy development, energy security, regulatory and policy frameworks, electricity sector reforms, energy storage systems, grid modernization, investment and financing considerations, and international experiences in energy transition. Particular attention was given to the need for creating an enabling environment that supports innovation, attracts investment, including the technical and safety standards required to protect consumers and businesses as storage and solar adoption scales nationally.
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