Business
Decline in exports; lower global demand
External Sector Performance – November 2022
The merchandise trade deficit continued to remain low compared to a year ago, though it widened in November 2022 over the previous month. Earnings from merchandise exports declined in November 2022, mainly due to lower global demand, particularly for garment exports. Meanwhile, merchandise import expenditure also declined for the ninth consecutive month in November 2022 on year-on-year basis, despite recording an increase, compared to October 2022. Workers’ remittances continued to recover and recorded a notable increase in November 2022 over a year earlier and the previous month.
Earnings from tourism increased in November 2022 over the previous month supported by a growth of tourist arrivals over 40 per cent. Foreign investment in the government securities market recorded a marginal net inflow during November 2022, while the Colombo Stock Exchange (CSE) recorded a marginal net outflow during November 2022. The Central Bank continued to provide foreign exchange to the domestic foreign exchange market to part finance essential imports. Consequently, the build-up of gross official reserves remained constrained. Meanwhile, the weighted average spot exchange rate in the interbank market remained around Rs. 363 per US dollar during the month.
Merchandise Trade Balance
and Terms of Trade
Trade Balance: The deficit in the merchandise trade account narrowed to US dollars 450 million in November 2022, compared to the deficit of US dollars 553 million recorded in November 2021. However, the merchandise trade deficit has shown a tendency to widen on month-on-month basis since recording a surplus in June 2022. The cumulative deficit in the trade account during January-November 2022 recorded at US dollars 4,839 million, a decline from US dollars 7,054 million recorded over the same period in 2021. The major contributory factors for the decline in the cumulative trade deficit are shown in Figure 1.
Terms of Trade: Terms of trade, i.e., the ratio of the price of exports to the price of imports, deteriorated by 5.3 per cent in November 2022, compared to November 2021, as the increase in import prices surpassed the increase in export prices.
Performance of Merchandise
Exports
Overall exports: Earnings from merchandise exports declined by 17.9 per cent in November 2022, over November 2021, to US dollars 994 million, recording a slight decline for the third consecutive month, on a month-on-month basis. While declines in earnings were observed across all main categories, industrial exports mainly contributed to the contraction in earnings. However, cumulative export earnings during January-November 2022 increased by 6.0 per cent over the same period in the last year to US dollars 12,026 million, which was mainly driven by a 9.4 per cent improvement in industrial exports amidst a decline in agricultural and mineral exports.
Industrial exports: Earnings from the export of industrial goods declined in November 2022 by 15.4 per cent, compared to November 2021. This decline was due to a broad-based decline in earnings from most of the industrial products led mainly by garments and rubber products. Earnings from export of garments declined by 8.3 per cent (y-o-y) driven by lower global demand for garment exports. Accordingly, exports of garments to most of the major markets (the USA, the EU and the UK) recorded declines. The decline in earnings from rubber products was due to the lower exports of tires and household gloves. Further, a sizable decline was recorded in the exports of petroleum products (led by lower export volumes); animal fodder (mainly, wheat residues); and food, beverages, and tobacco (mainly, vegetable, fruit, and nuts preparations), although earnings from gems, diamonds, and jewellery; and machinery and mechanical appliances (mainly, electronic equipment) increased. Earnings from exports of petroleum products recorded a decline of 30.7 per cent in November 2022 (y-o-y), due to lower volumes of bunker and aviation fuel supplied despite a notable increase in average export prices.
Agricultural exports: Earnings from the export of agricultural goods declined by 25.9 per cent in November 2022 compared to November 2021, due to a broad-based decline in all subcategories of agricultural goods led by spices and coconut related products. Export earnings from spices declined due to the lower earnings from all subcategories, whereas earnings from pepper declined the most, driven by lower export volumes. Both kernel and non-kernel coconut related products contributed to the decline in earnings from coconut related products. The drop in export earnings from tea was mainly due to lower export volumes (a decline of 25.5 per cent), despite high average export prices which recorded an increase of 20.5 per cent, (y-o-y). (CBSL)
Business
Committee to look at unified tripartite management of workers’ retirement funds
The government has initiated what could become one of the most significant reforms of Sri Lanka’s social security system in decades by appointing a Senior Officials’ Committee to examine the feasibility of bringing the Employees’ Provident Fund (EPF) and the Employees’ Trust Fund (ETF) under a unified tripartite governance framework representing the government, employers and employees.
Cabinet approval was granted following a proposal submitted by the Minister of Labour. According to Cabinet Spokesman and Minister Dr. Nalinda Jayatissa, the committee has been mandated to study whether the two institutions could operate under a common governance structure based on internationally recognised principles promoted by the International Labour Organization (ILO).
He stressed that the committee has been appointed only to examine the feasibility of the proposal, and no final decision has been taken to merge the two funds.
The official Cabinet statement notes that the EPF, established under the Employees’ Provident Fund Act No. 15 of 1958, has more than 2.5 million members and assets exceeding Rs. 4.9 trillion, making it Sri Lanka’s largest social security fund.
Custody of the fund, investment management, financial administration and payment of benefits are currently handled by the Central Bank of Sri Lanka, while the Department of Labour is responsible for member registration, employer compliance, recovery of arrears and safeguarding employee rights.
The ETF, created under Act No. 46 of 1980, is administered by a tripartite board comprising representatives of the government, employers and employees. It manages assets of approximately Rs. 637 billion and provides coverage to more than 2.5 million active members.
The Cabinet paper highlights that tripartite governance of social security institutions is an internationally recognised best practice and a fundamental principle promoted by the ILO, which forms the basis for examining a common governance model for both funds.
The proposal is expected to attract close scrutiny from the business community, trade unions and financial market participants, given that the combined assets of the EPF and ETF exceed Rs. 5.5 trillion, making them among the country’s largest institutional investors.
Economists note that any governance reforms should strengthen transparency, accountability, professional investment management and public confidence while safeguarding workers’ retirement savings.
By Ifham Nizam
Business
LOLC strengthens Pakistan operations with new Islamabad head office
LOLC Microfinance Bank Pakistan, a fully owned subsidiary of the LOLC Group, has strategically relocated its Head Office to Gulberg Greens, Islamabad, marking a significant milestone in its growth journey. As one of the LOLC Group’s largest overseas operations in Asia, the Bank continues to advance financial inclusion and sustainable economic development across Pakistan.
The new Head Office was formally inaugurated in the presence of Chief Guests H.E. Admiral Fred Seneviratne (Retd.), High Commissioner of Sri Lanka to Pakistan, and Mr. Krishan Thilakaratne, Chairman of LOLC Microfinance Bank Pakistan. The ceremony was attended by the Bank’s Board of Directors, senior management and employees, commemorating another important chapter in the Bank’s continued expansion.
LOLC Microfinance Bank Pakistan is a fully-fledged Microfinance Bank regulated by the State Bank of Pakistan, operating through a network of 88 branches and employing over 1,200 staff members across the key cities of Karachi, Lahore, Hyderabad, Faisalabad, Sialkot, Islamabad, Peshawar and Gilgit. The Bank offers a comprehensive range of financial solutions, including business loans, microfinance, vehicle financing, gold loans and other financial products. It currently manages a loan portfolio exceeding USD 70 million and a deposit portfolio exceeding USD 90 million, comprising savings deposits, term deposits and current accounts.
The relocation to the new Head Office reflects the Bank’s expanding operations and its commitment to widening access to responsible financial services for individuals, micro-entrepreneurs and small businesses across Pakistan. In 2026, LOLC Microfinance Bank Pakistan was recognised as Pakistan’s fastest growing Microfinance Bank, highlighting its strong business momentum and growing market presence.
Addressing the gathering, H.E. Admiral Fred Seneviratne (Retd.), High Commissioner of Sri Lanka to Pakistan, stated, “The relationship between Sri Lanka and Pakistan continues to grow through meaningful partnerships such as this. LOLC Microfinance Bank Pakistan is making an important contribution by supporting entrepreneurs, strengthening the SME sector, and expanding financial access where it is needed the most. Institutions like these play a vital role in empowering communities and supporting sustainable economic growth.”(LOLC)
Business
CDB retains championship crown at MCA T10
Citizens Development Business Finance PLC (CDB) lit up the CCC Grounds on June 28th, retaining the championship of the MCA T10 Cricket Tournament, further etching its record of being unbeaten and showcasing its signature persona of being determined and unstoppable.
Sealing the title without a single loss in the tournament from the first ball to the final cheer, Team CDB skippered by Tharindu Rathnayaka with Vice Captain Dunith Wellalage, both national players, showcased the calibre of a champion side.
Coached by national player Oshadha Fernando, CDB combined star power with relentless team spirit – the perfect combination of experience and youthful energy. CDB’s performance was not just about individual brilliance but about a collective drive that mirrors CDB’s corporate ethos of perseverance, leadership, and excellence.
The final match against the Abans Group was a fitting climax. Chasing 116, CDB powered to 120/4 in just 8.4 overs, sealing victory by six wickets. Vishad Randika rose to the occasion as Player of the Final. Nuwan Thushara’s consistent bowling prowess, including a hat trick — 2 overs, 11 runs, 4 wickets during the semi-finals — earned him the Best Bowler accolade.
This unbeaten run was more than a cricketing triumph. It was a statement by CDB of its dedication to excellence, which extends beyond financial services into fostering a high-performance culture through sports. The championship reinforced the company’s reputation as a leader in the financial sector while celebrating employee engagement, wellness, and community spirit.
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