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Decline in exports; lower global demand

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External Sector Performance – November 2022

The merchandise trade deficit continued to remain low compared to a year ago, though it widened in November 2022 over the previous month. Earnings from merchandise exports declined in November 2022, mainly due to lower global demand, particularly for garment exports. Meanwhile, merchandise import expenditure also declined for the ninth consecutive month in November 2022 on year-on-year basis, despite recording an increase, compared to October 2022. Workers’ remittances continued to recover and recorded a notable increase in November 2022 over a year earlier and the previous month.

Earnings from tourism increased in November 2022 over the previous month supported by a growth of tourist arrivals over 40 per cent. Foreign investment in the government securities market recorded a marginal net inflow during November 2022, while the Colombo Stock Exchange (CSE) recorded a marginal net outflow during November 2022. The Central Bank continued to provide foreign exchange to the domestic foreign exchange market to part finance essential imports. Consequently, the build-up of gross official reserves remained constrained. Meanwhile, the weighted average spot exchange rate in the interbank market remained around Rs. 363 per US dollar during the month.

Merchandise Trade Balance
and Terms of Trade

Trade Balance: The deficit in the merchandise trade account narrowed to US dollars 450 million in November 2022, compared to the deficit of US dollars 553 million recorded in November 2021. However, the merchandise trade deficit has shown a tendency to widen on month-on-month basis since recording a surplus in June 2022. The cumulative deficit in the trade account during January-November 2022 recorded at US dollars 4,839 million, a decline from US dollars 7,054 million recorded over the same period in 2021. The major contributory factors for the decline in the cumulative trade deficit are shown in Figure 1.

Terms of Trade: Terms of trade, i.e., the ratio of the price of exports to the price of imports, deteriorated by 5.3 per cent in November 2022, compared to November 2021, as the increase in import prices surpassed the increase in export prices.

Performance of Merchandise
Exports

Overall exports: Earnings from merchandise exports declined by 17.9 per cent in November 2022, over November 2021, to US dollars 994 million, recording a slight decline for the third consecutive month, on a month-on-month basis. While declines in earnings were observed across all main categories, industrial exports mainly contributed to the contraction in earnings. However, cumulative export earnings during January-November 2022 increased by 6.0 per cent over the same period in the last year to US dollars 12,026 million, which was mainly driven by a 9.4 per cent improvement in industrial exports amidst a decline in agricultural and mineral exports.

Industrial exports: Earnings from the export of industrial goods declined in November 2022 by 15.4 per cent, compared to November 2021. This decline was due to a broad-based decline in earnings from most of the industrial products led mainly by garments and rubber products. Earnings from export of garments declined by 8.3 per cent (y-o-y) driven by lower global demand for garment exports. Accordingly, exports of garments to most of the major markets (the USA, the EU and the UK) recorded declines. The decline in earnings from rubber products was due to the lower exports of tires and household gloves. Further, a sizable decline was recorded in the exports of petroleum products (led by lower export volumes); animal fodder (mainly, wheat residues); and food, beverages, and tobacco (mainly, vegetable, fruit, and nuts preparations), although earnings from gems, diamonds, and jewellery; and machinery and mechanical appliances (mainly, electronic equipment) increased. Earnings from exports of petroleum products recorded a decline of 30.7 per cent in November 2022 (y-o-y), due to lower volumes of bunker and aviation fuel supplied despite a notable increase in average export prices.

Agricultural exports: Earnings from the export of agricultural goods declined by 25.9 per cent in November 2022 compared to November 2021, due to a broad-based decline in all subcategories of agricultural goods led by spices and coconut related products. Export earnings from spices declined due to the lower earnings from all subcategories, whereas earnings from pepper declined the most, driven by lower export volumes. Both kernel and non-kernel coconut related products contributed to the decline in earnings from coconut related products. The drop in export earnings from tea was mainly due to lower export volumes (a decline of 25.5 per cent), despite high average export prices which recorded an increase of 20.5 per cent, (y-o-y). (CBSL)



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Charting a worker-centered AI future: Colombo hosts landmark ITF conference

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The ITF’s first-ever AI-focused global conference and the first of its kind hosted in Sri Lanka

By Sanath Nanayakkare

Artificial intelligence and automation present serious challenges for workers – such as job consequences seen in docks and rail systems – and emphasises that workers cannot simply stop technological progress. By gathering young trade unionists in Sri Lanka, the ITF aims to establish key principles for engaging with technology, ensuring workers have a strong voice at the bargaining table, and encouraging constructive social dialogue with corporations and governments.

These compelling words from ITF General Secretary Stephen Cotton underscored the urgent reality facing modern labor as rapid technological advancements sweep across global industries.

Confronting this shifting landscape head-on, the International Transport Workers’ Federation (ITF), in partnership with the National Union of Seafarers of Sri Lanka (NUSS), convened a ground-breaking conference on artificial intelligence in Colombo from September 15–17.

As the ITF’s first-ever AI-focused global conference and the first of its kind hosted in Sri Lanka, the landmark event marked a critical milestone in balancing technological innovation with worker-centered safeguards.

Representing over 16.6 million transport workers worldwide, the ITF designed the gathering to tackle the multifaceted impacts of AI on safety, operations, workforce development, and governance. Rather than resisting progress, the conference focused on proactive engagement, establishing guiding principles to protect workers’ rights and privacy both at sea and on land.

Key discussions centred on sharing best practices for upskilling and reskilling transport personnel, ensuring that human oversight remains central to AI-driven logistics, routing, and maintenance.

Reflecting on the historic nature of the event, Boa Athu, CEO of National Union of Seafarers Asia Pacific, noted that the conference represented a monumental moment as AI emerges as a permanent fixture of contemporary life.

Highlighting NUSS’s pride in hosting the event in Colombo, Athu emphasised that AI offers transformative potential when guided by strong social dialogue, equitable access to training, and robust governance safeguards.

Ultimately, the Colombo conference demonstrated that the future of transport must be shaped by those who keep the world moving. By uniting international labour leaders, affiliates, port operators, and regulators, the event laid a vital foundation for inclusive policy frameworks that champion fair labour standards, securing a powerful voice for workers in an automated tomorrow.

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Bridging the digital divide: Sri Lanka’s airport licence challenge

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As tourism surges from digitally advanced markets like India, modern independent travelers arriving at BIA find themselves caught in a mismatch between cloudstored credentials and local paper-based transport protocols.

By Sanath Nanayakkare

As Sri Lanka experiences a surge in visitors from its largest tourist market, India, a modern administrative hurdle has emerged at Bandaranaike International Airport (BIA).

While nations like India and Pakistan have successfully transitioned to fully digital driving licences and cashless ecosystems, Sri Lanka’s Department of Motor Traffic counter still requires a physical card to issue temporary local permits, The Island Financial Review learns.

This mismatch creates significant friction for independent travelers who rely entirely on smartphones and cloud-stored credentials. Tourists turned away at the airport – and sometimes redirected to the Werahera office in vain – find themselves unable to legally rent and drive vehicles. Consequently, this policy gap harms local car rental operators, causes tourist frustration, and deprives the government of valuable permit revenue.

The situation highlights a distinct irony: Sri Lankan motorists easily travel abroad using International Driving Permits that are readily accepted in India and Pakistan, yet local infrastructure cannot reciprocate due to outdated verification systems.

Recognizing the problem, Department of Motor Traffic officials have noted that upgrades and new equipment are currently in the works to integrate foreign digital platforms.

For a nation aggressively pursuing a national digitalisation drive, rapidly modernising these transport protocols is essential to keeping pace with global travelers and unlocking the full potential of its tourism economy.

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International Afro-Latin Dance Festival in Colombo to grow into a larger regional tourism draw

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Founder X Director – ALIF – J D RUBAN

ALIF-SL, Sri Lanka’s first-ever international Afro-Latin dance festival, returns for its 4th edition from 25 to 27 September 2026 at the Galle Face Hotel, Colombo. The festival will bring together over 30 international and national artists and 175–200 participants from more than 20 countries, reaffirming its place as the region’s leading platform for Salsa, Bachata and Kizomba.

This year’s edition is headlined by Tropical Gem, the world’s No. 1 salsa team, travelling from Italy to perform and teach alongside a stellar international line-up. Attendees can also look forward to the ALIF Cup Sri Lanka Open, a keenly contested competition judged by an international panel, giving local dancers a rare opportunity to compete and connect with world-class talent.

“Every year, ALIF connects Sri Lanka to the world. With this year’s artist line-up and the ALIF Cup competition, we’re not just hosting a festival, we’re putting Sri Lanka on the map as a top destination for dance,” said JD Ruban, Founder and Director of ALIF-SL

Beyond the dance floor, ALIF-SL continues to support Sri Lanka’s tourism sector, drawing dancers, judges and enthusiasts from across the globe to Colombo and positioning the capital as an emerging regional hub for social dance. Organizers plan to grow the festival into a larger regional tourism draw, introduce new competition categories, and bring in even bigger headline acts in future editions.

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