Business
Decline in exports; lower global demand
External Sector Performance – November 2022
The merchandise trade deficit continued to remain low compared to a year ago, though it widened in November 2022 over the previous month. Earnings from merchandise exports declined in November 2022, mainly due to lower global demand, particularly for garment exports. Meanwhile, merchandise import expenditure also declined for the ninth consecutive month in November 2022 on year-on-year basis, despite recording an increase, compared to October 2022. Workers’ remittances continued to recover and recorded a notable increase in November 2022 over a year earlier and the previous month.
Earnings from tourism increased in November 2022 over the previous month supported by a growth of tourist arrivals over 40 per cent. Foreign investment in the government securities market recorded a marginal net inflow during November 2022, while the Colombo Stock Exchange (CSE) recorded a marginal net outflow during November 2022. The Central Bank continued to provide foreign exchange to the domestic foreign exchange market to part finance essential imports. Consequently, the build-up of gross official reserves remained constrained. Meanwhile, the weighted average spot exchange rate in the interbank market remained around Rs. 363 per US dollar during the month.
Merchandise Trade Balance
and Terms of Trade
Trade Balance: The deficit in the merchandise trade account narrowed to US dollars 450 million in November 2022, compared to the deficit of US dollars 553 million recorded in November 2021. However, the merchandise trade deficit has shown a tendency to widen on month-on-month basis since recording a surplus in June 2022. The cumulative deficit in the trade account during January-November 2022 recorded at US dollars 4,839 million, a decline from US dollars 7,054 million recorded over the same period in 2021. The major contributory factors for the decline in the cumulative trade deficit are shown in Figure 1.
Terms of Trade: Terms of trade, i.e., the ratio of the price of exports to the price of imports, deteriorated by 5.3 per cent in November 2022, compared to November 2021, as the increase in import prices surpassed the increase in export prices.
Performance of Merchandise
Exports
Overall exports: Earnings from merchandise exports declined by 17.9 per cent in November 2022, over November 2021, to US dollars 994 million, recording a slight decline for the third consecutive month, on a month-on-month basis. While declines in earnings were observed across all main categories, industrial exports mainly contributed to the contraction in earnings. However, cumulative export earnings during January-November 2022 increased by 6.0 per cent over the same period in the last year to US dollars 12,026 million, which was mainly driven by a 9.4 per cent improvement in industrial exports amidst a decline in agricultural and mineral exports.
Industrial exports: Earnings from the export of industrial goods declined in November 2022 by 15.4 per cent, compared to November 2021. This decline was due to a broad-based decline in earnings from most of the industrial products led mainly by garments and rubber products. Earnings from export of garments declined by 8.3 per cent (y-o-y) driven by lower global demand for garment exports. Accordingly, exports of garments to most of the major markets (the USA, the EU and the UK) recorded declines. The decline in earnings from rubber products was due to the lower exports of tires and household gloves. Further, a sizable decline was recorded in the exports of petroleum products (led by lower export volumes); animal fodder (mainly, wheat residues); and food, beverages, and tobacco (mainly, vegetable, fruit, and nuts preparations), although earnings from gems, diamonds, and jewellery; and machinery and mechanical appliances (mainly, electronic equipment) increased. Earnings from exports of petroleum products recorded a decline of 30.7 per cent in November 2022 (y-o-y), due to lower volumes of bunker and aviation fuel supplied despite a notable increase in average export prices.
Agricultural exports: Earnings from the export of agricultural goods declined by 25.9 per cent in November 2022 compared to November 2021, due to a broad-based decline in all subcategories of agricultural goods led by spices and coconut related products. Export earnings from spices declined due to the lower earnings from all subcategories, whereas earnings from pepper declined the most, driven by lower export volumes. Both kernel and non-kernel coconut related products contributed to the decline in earnings from coconut related products. The drop in export earnings from tea was mainly due to lower export volumes (a decline of 25.5 per cent), despite high average export prices which recorded an increase of 20.5 per cent, (y-o-y). (CBSL)
Business
CIF, the world’s favorite multi-surface cleaning brand, arrives in Sri Lanka
CIF, the globally recognized multi-surface cleaning brand, has officially entered the Sri Lankan market, expanding the range of international home-care solutions available to local consumers.
CIF products are now available at Cargills, Keells, Glomark and Celeste, as well as online through Daraz and uStore, at a retail price of Rs. 900 for 500ml. Shop CIF online at https://ustore.lk/collections/cif
Used by households around the world, CIF is known for its powerful cleaning performance and ability to tackle everyday dirt and some of the toughest cleaning challenges around the home.
Its introduction to Sri Lanka comes as consumers increasingly seek cleaning products that combine performance, convenience and versatility, particularly solutions that can be used across multiple areas and surfaces within the home.
One cleaner. So many possibilities.
From stubborn kitchen grease and grime to limescale around sinks and dirt that builds up on frequently used surfaces, CIF is designed to provide powerful cleaning performance while helping make every day cleaning simpler.
The brand’s multi-surface proposition allows consumers to address a range of household cleaning needs with one versatile solution, bringing greater convenience to modern cleaning routines.
CIF’s entry into Sri Lanka also brings the brand’s global philosophy closer to local consumers eventually helping people restore and rediscover the beauty of the places and things around them through effective everyday cleaning.
With its combination of global recognition, multi-surface versatility and powerful cleaning performance, CIF’s arrival provides Sri Lankan consumers with a new international option in the household cleaning category.
The world’s favorite multi-surface cleaning brand is finally here in Sri Lanka.
Just CIF it!
Business
A sustained wave of Indian assistance to Sri Lanka showcases defining shift in developmental diplomacy
By Sanath Nanayakkare
An evolving approach to regional diplomacy was brought into sharp focus with the recent foundation-laying ceremony for the Moragahakanda Bridge in Matale.
Jointly launched by Indian High Commissioner Santosh Jha and Minister of Transport, Highways and Urban Development Bimal Rathnayake, this 175-metre span is far more than a routine civil engineering project. It serves as the physical manifestation of a broader USD 450 million reconstruction package deployed by India in the wake of Cyclone Ditwah, which severely fractured the island’s transport arteries.
Foreign aid is too often discussed in cold, macroeconomic abstractions. Yet, every so often, a consistent pattern of targeted assistance alters the landscape of bilateral relations, offering a clear window into how regional partnerships evolve out of necessity and goodwill.
Across the country today, a remarkable narrative of multi-layered cooperation is unfolding.
From critical post-disaster infrastructure and maritime routes to grassroots agricultural uplift and institutional capacity-building, India’s developmental footprint is shifting unmistakably toward an organic, people-centric model of shared resilience.
What distinguishes this latest wave of assistance is its deliberate pivot from emergency support to permanent, climate-resilient transformation. When Cyclone Ditwah initially paralysed regional connectivity, India’s immediate response was marked by the rapid deployment of temporary Bailey bridges.
Today, that swift humanitarian intervention has matured into a structural blueprint: the Moragahakanda project stands as the vanguard of 13 permanent bridges being built across Sri Lanka’s provinces by IRCON International Limited, complemented by upcoming railway upgrades and modern signaling systems backed by a USD 250 million Line of Credit.
The true signature of this diplomatic shift lies in its breadth, operating simultaneously across multiple tiers of society:
Institutional Governance: Delegations of Sri Lankan parliamentarians and senior administrative officers regularly travel to India to study public policy frameworks, legislative systems, and administrative practices.
Economic Lifelines: Financial mechanisms, such as viability gap funding for the Nagapattinam-to-Kankesanthurai passenger ferry service, continue to shrink geographical distances, reviving coastal commerce and tourism.
Grassroots Empowerment: Specialised capacity-building programmes tailored for local stakeholders – ranging from state officials to rural dairy farmers -ensure that development reaches deep into the island’s hinterlands.
By aligning immediate disaster relief with long-term infrastructure, institutional capacity, and human capital, India and Sri Lanka are demonstrating how neighbours can build safer, more connected futures together, grounded firmly in mutual respect and tangible progress.
Business
Bring your own bag to book fair, CEA urges
By Ifham Nizam
The Central Environmental Authority (CEA) yesterday urged visitors to the Colombo International Book Fair to bring reusable bags to carry their purchases, as part of a drive to reduce single-use plastic waste at the event.
CEA Director General R. S. P. Kapila Rajapaksha said large quantities of plastic, particularly “sili sili” bags, had been used to carry books at previous book fairs.
“We urge visitors to bring an environmentally friendly, reusable bag when they come to buy books. This simple step can help reduce the use of single-use plastic and protect the environment,” Rajapaksha said.
The book fair opens on September 25, with the CEA and the Sri Lanka Book Publishers’ Association launching an awareness programme targeting book sellers, food vendors and visitors.
The programme will be conducted under the theme “Read Smart, Carry Smart”, focusing on reducing polythene and plastic use throughout the exhibition.
The CEA said the use of plastic bags is also subject to regulations issued under the Consumer Affairs Authority Act. Gazette Extraordinary No. 2456/41, dated October 1, 2025, prohibits the free distribution of handled “sili sili” bags to consumers. Where such bags are sold, the charge must be included in the customer’s bill.
The CEA said food outlets at the book fair would also be required to comply with regulations prohibiting a range of single-use plastic products.
These include plastic straws and stirrers, disposable plastic plates, cups, spoons, forks and knives, as well as polythene-based food wrappers commonly known as lunch sheets.
The CEA said it had discussed the requirements with relevant stakeholders and reached agreement to ensure that prohibited products are not used at food outlets within the exhibition premises.
The authority urged both traders and visitors to cooperate with the initiative and help make this year’s book fair a more environmentally responsible event.
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