Features
Deceptive dangers of low-head dams
By Eng. Thushara Dissanayake
People are fond of recreational activities in rivers such as fishing, bathing and rafting. The country is blessed with a large number of such locations. However, these activities bear a considerable level of risk with an estimated number of 1,100 deaths occurring due to drowning a year. A considerable number of these victims drown in rivers. These mishaps are commonly attributed to flow characteristics, like high velocities, high water depths, turbulence, sudden increase in water levels during rains upstream, etc. On the other hand, it can be due to the presence of structures which create hazardous flow conditions, which many are not aware of. There can be many other contributing factors as regards these deaths. Some of them are alcohol consumption, failure to adopt precautionary measures, such as lifesaving jackets during recreational activities, inability to swim or overestimating ability, reckless behaviour and lack of proper guidance – especially for children.
This article tries to inform readers of the hazardous behaviour of water, especifically around low-head dams across rivers.
What is a low-head dam?
Low-head dam is a common structure present in most of our rivers. Technically speaking the height of water mass falling over the dam is low and hence the name. These structures are short, usually less than 15 feet, and span fully across the river section. The amount of water impounded is very small and the main purpose is to raise the water level to divert the flow to elsewhere through canals. In Sri Lanka these low-head dams are commonly identified as water diversion anicuts. As a country rich in irrigated agriculture, Sri Lanka has got a total of many thousands of such anicuts spread across it. In addition, there are similar types of diversion dams constructed for mini hydropower projects and water supply schemes.
Hydraulic behaviour around low-head dams
When the water falls over a low-head dam it generates a recirculating current below the dam and is a deathtrap and nothing can escape it. There are large hydraulic forces and many other hazardous hydraulic conditions occurring but they are not discussed here as the average reader may find them too technical. Suffice it to say that if a person is caught in this recirculating current, he or she will continue to cycle, try as he or she might to escape. Even a boat is not capable of passing this place and often get trapped therein. The water currents below the dam can drag a boat toward the face of the dam and it won’t take a long time for the turbulent water below the dam to swamp it. You may watch a video of a near drowning incident at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=70kAZMAbdN0 on YouTube to realise the danger. Even well trained rescuers, who are not aware of the behaviour of water and reach the place through water will also get trapped and become victims. Hence, these dams are popularly known as drowning machines. However, it is not fair to say that these structures are always hazardous as much depend on the prevailing flow conditions.
The level of risk varies with the river flow. Consequently, such a location may be safe today but extremely dangerous tomorrow. When the river flow is high the dam is hardly visible as the water level is almost the same below and above the dam. If these locations are closely observed somebody perhaps can see that timber and many debris are tumbling in water below the structures. This is a warning that people should not reach that point.
Mitigating the risks
It is the dam owners’ responsibility to ensure the safety of the public. There are several ways to mitigate risks associated with low-head dams. The easiest way is to fix warning sign boards to keep people away. Unfortunately, proper warning signs have not been installed at all such risky places in the country. Most of available sign boards just have written instructions but there is hardly any pictorial representation of the danger. Hence, observing the shallow water levels, people may assume these places to be safe. If the dangerous hydraulic phenomenon is demonstrated in the sign boards the average man will clearly understand the nature of risk.
If disasters are often reported, the structure can be retrofitted to change flow conditions to minimize life threats. Where such structures are newly built the structure can be designed to mitigate the risk, so that access of humans and animals is restricted.
People also have a responsibility to protect themselves against water-related risks. They must properly study a bathing place before getting into it. It is advisable to ask people in the area for more information about the possible risks. Read the warning signs available, wear lifesaving instruments as much as possible and tell someone your plans before getting into the water. All in all, staying at a safe distance away from these places is the best way to avoid danger.
(The writer is a Water Resources Engineer and can be reached at dmtsdissa@yahoo.com)
Features
Maduro abduction marks dangerous aggravation of ‘world disorder’
The abduction of Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro by US special forces on January 3rd and his coercive conveying to the US to stand trial over a number of allegations leveled against him by the Trump administration marks a dangerous degeneration of prevailing ‘world disorder’. While some cardinal principles in International Law have been blatantly violated by the US in the course of the operation the fallout for the world from the exceptionally sensational VVIP abduction could be grave.
Although controversial US military interventions the world over are not ‘news’ any longer, the abduction and hustling away of a head of government, seen as an enemy of the US, to stand trial on the latter soil amounts to a heavy-handed and arrogant rejection of the foundational principles of international law and order. It would seem, for instance, that the concept of national sovereignty is no longer applicable to the way in which the world’s foremost powers relate to the rest of the international community. Might is indeed right for the likes of the US and the Trump administration in particular is adamant in driving this point home to the world.
Chief spokesmen for the Trump administration have been at pains to point out that the abduction is not at variance with national security related provisions of the US Constitution. These provisions apparently bestow on the US President wide powers to protect US security and stability through courses of action that are seen as essential to further these ends but the fact is that International Law has been brazenly violated in the process in the Venezuelan case.
To be sure, this is not the first occasion on which a head of government has been abducted by US special forces in post-World War Two times and made to stand trial in the US, since such a development occurred in Panama in 1989, but the consequences for the world could be doubly grave as a result of such actions, considering the mounting ‘disorder’ confronting the world community.
Those sections opposed to the Maduro abduction in the US would do well to from now on seek ways of reconciling national security-related provisions in the US Constitution with the country’s wider international commitment to uphold international peace and law and order. No ambiguities could be permitted on this score.
While the arbitrary military action undertaken by the US to further its narrow interests at whatever cost calls for criticism, it would be only fair to point out that the US is not the only big power which has thus dangerously eroded the authority of International Law in recent times. Russia, for example, did just that when it violated the sovereignty of Ukraine by invading it two or more years ago on some nebulous, unconvincing grounds. Consequently, the Ukraine crisis too poses a grave threat to international peace.
It is relevant to mention in this connection that authoritarian rulers who hope to rule their countries in perpetuity as it were, usually end up, sooner rather than later, being a blight on their people. This is on account of the fact that they prove a major obstacle to the implementation of the democratic process which alone holds out the promise of the prgressive empowerment of the people, whereas authoritarian rulers prefer to rule with an iron fist with a fixation about self-empowerment.
Nevertheless, regime-change, wherever it may occur, is a matter for the public concerned. In a functional democracy, it is the people, and the people only, who ‘make or break’ governments. From this viewpoint, Russia and Venezuela are most lacking. But externally induced, militarily mediated change is a gross abnormality in the world or democracy, which deserves decrying.
By way of damage control, the US could take the initiative to ensure that the democratic process, read as the full empowerment of ordinary people, takes hold in Venezuela. In this manner the US could help in stemming some of the destructive fallout from its abduction operation. Any attempts by the US to take possession of the national wealth of Venezuela at this juncture are bound to earn for it the condemnation of democratic opinion the world over.
Likewise, the US needs to exert all its influence to ensure that the rights of ordinary Ukrainians are protected. It will need to ensure this while exploring ways of stopping further incursions into Ukrainian territory by Russia’s invading forces. It will need to do this in collaboration with the EU which is putting its best foot forward to end the Ukraine blood-letting.
Meanwhile, the repercussions that the Maduro abduction could have on the global South would need to be watched with some concern by the international community. Here too the EU could prove a positive influence since it is doubtful whether the UN would be enabled by the big powers to carry out the responsibilities that devolve on it with the required effectiveness.
What needs to be specifically watched is the ‘copycat effect’ that could manifest among those less democratically inclined Southern rulers who would be inspired by the Trump administration to take the law into their hands, so to speak, and act with callous disregard for the sovereign rights of their smaller and more vulnerable neighbours.
Democratic opinion the world over would need to think of systems of checks and balances that could contain such power abuse by Southern autocratic rulers in particular. The UN and democracy-supportive organizations, such as the EU, could prove suitable partners in these efforts.
All in all it is international lawlessness that needs managing effectively from now on. If President Trump carries out his threat to over-run other countries as well in the manner in which he ran rough-shod over Venezuela, there is unlikely to remain even a semblance of international order, considering that anarchy would be receiving a strong fillip from the US, ‘The World’s Mightiest Democracy’.
What is also of note is that identity politics in particularly the South would be unprecedentedly energized. The narrative that ‘the Great Satan’ is running amok would win considerable validity among the theocracies of the Middle East and set the stage for a resurgence of religious fanaticism and invigorated armed resistance to the US. The Trump administration needs to stop in its tracks and weigh the pros and cons of its current foreign policy initiatives.
Features
Pure Christmas magic and joy at British School
The British School in Colombo (BSC) hosted its Annual Christmas Carnival 2025, ‘Gingerbread Wonderland’, which was a huge success, with the students themseles in the spotlight, managing stalls and volunteering.
The event, organised by the Parent-Teacher Association (PTA), featured a variety of activities, including: Games and rides for all ages, Food stalls offering delicious treats, Drinks and refreshments, Trade booths showcasing local products, and Live music and entertainment.

The carnival was held at the school premises, providing a fun and festive atmosphere for students, parents, and the community to enjoy.
The halls of the BSC were filled with pure Christmas magic and joy with the students and the staff putting on a tremendous display.
Among the highlights was the dazzling fashion show with the students doing the needful, and they were very impressive.

The students themselves were eagerly looking forward to displaying their modelling technique and, I’m told, they enjoyed the moment they had to step on the ramp.
The event supported communities affected by the recent floods, with surplus proceeds going to flood-relief efforts.
Features
Glowing younger looking skin
Hi! This week I’m giving you some beauty tips so that you could look forward to enjoying 2026 with a glowing younger looking skin.
Face wash for natural beauty
* Avocado:
Take the pulp, make a paste of it and apply on your face. Leave it on for five minutes and then wash it with normal water.
* Cucumber:
Just rub some cucumber slices on your face for 02-03 minutes to cleanse the oil naturally. Wash off with plain water.
* Buttermilk:
Apply all over your face and leave it to dry, then wash it with normal water (works for mixed to oily skin).
Face scrub for natural beauty
Take 01-02 strawberries, 02 pieces of kiwis or 02 cubes of watermelons. Mash any single fruit and apply on your face. Then massage or scrub it slowly for at least 3-5 minutes in circular motions. Then wash it thoroughly with normal or cold water. You can make use of different fruits during different seasons, and see what suits you best! Follow with a natural face mask.
Face Masks
* Papaya and Honey:
Take two pieces of papaya (peeled) and mash them to make a paste. Apply evenly on your face and leave it for 30 minutes and then wash it with cold water.
Papaya is just not a fruit but one of the best natural remedies for good health and glowing younger looking skin. It also helps in reducing pimples and scars. You can also add honey (optional) to the mixture which helps massage and makes your skin glow.
* Banana:
Put a few slices of banana, 01 teaspoon of honey (optional), in a bowl, and mash them nicely. Apply on your face, and massage it gently all over the face for at least 05 minutes. Then wash it off with normal water. For an instant glow on your face, this facemask is a great idea to try!
* Carrot:
Make a paste using 01 carrot (steamed) by mixing it with milk or honey and apply on your face and neck evenly. Let it dry for 15-20 minutes and then wash it with cold water. Carrots work really well for your skin as they have many vitamins and minerals, which give instant shine and younger-looking skin.
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