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Currency Board: A solution to Sri Lanka’s economic crisis?

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Figure 1: Behaviour of USDT Market in P2P Binance Trading Platform

By Dr Asanka Wijesinghe

On 08 March, Sri Lanka devalued the rupee against the US dollar, entering into a floating exchange rate regime. The Central Bank of Sri Lanka had to abandon the pegged exchange rate as defending the rupee with dwindling reserves was impossible. The inter-bank exchange rate shot up once the banks were assured that the exchange rate was floated. The initial shoot-up was followed by further rallying of the US dollar reaching close to Rs. 300 per USD. With the gradually weakening rupee, inflation is also ascending to worrisome levels calling for radical changes, including adopting a currency board. This article discusses the effectiveness and suitability of a currency board for Sri Lanka in the current macroeconomic context.

Weakening Rupee, Rising inflation, and the

Currency Board Solution

A currency board is a system that issues domestic banknotes in exchange for specific foreign currency – anchor currency like the USD which is used for trade with partner countries – at a constant rate. A cornerstone of the currency board mechanism is the authority’s ability to meet all demand for foreign currency by the holders of the domestic currency.

In Sri Lanka, even after the rupee was floated, reports suggest that an active kerb market with a significant premium above the inter-bank rate exists. While such market behaviour indicates an acute dollar shortage in the market and the equilibrium rate is further away, no official data exists on the kerb market money exchange. However, cryptocurrency platforms provide some critical insights. The Tether coin (USDT), which is closely pegged to the US dollar on a one-to-one basis, is traded for rupees on peer-to-peer (P2P) platforms as USDT is used as a medium to purchase other cryptocurrencies, including Bitcoin.

Data extracted from the P2P platform medium of Binance – a popular cryptocurrency exchange among Sri Lankans – show some supporting evidence for the continually widening gap between official and informal rates again. Significantly, the premium over the official rate plummeted once the rupee was floated, but it gradually recovered to the pre-floated period (A and B panels of Figure 1). The number of sellers and the USDT volume available for sale also went up but riveted back to the levels of the pre-floated period (C and D panels of Figure 1).

The inflationary pressure also does not show any unwinding signs, further eroding people’s purchasing power. These developments encourage the adoption of a currency board as a currency board is believed to be a solution for rising inflation. By the inner mechanics of the currency boards, the independence of discretionary monetary policy is taken away, substituting a disciplined monetary policy – a gold standard without gold – which eliminates the inflationary bias. Indeed, empirical evidence exists in favour of the anti-inflationary effect of currency boards. The inflation rate is lower under currency boards than in pegged or floating rate regimes. Moreover, economies under currency boards grew faster than the average of countries with pegged regimes. However, empirically disentangling multiple influences to pinpoint the low inflation on the currency board is an excruciating task.

Another selling point of the currency board is the fiscal discipline, as currency board regulations prohibit direct monetary financing of government expenditures. A high budget deficit in Sri Lanka and excessive government borrowings from the Central Bank make the fiscal-discipline effect of currency boards much more appealing. Empirical evidence points to low fiscal deficits or larger surpluses under currency board regimes.

Source: Author’s illustration using Binance data

Challenges in Adopting a Currency Board

A significant drawback of a currency board is the need to surrender the monetary policy independence required for managing asymmetric shocks. Such loss is costly when the anchor currency country responds to cyclical conditions, which are different from the prevailing conditions in the country operating the currency board. For example, Hong Kong’s currency board imported low-interest rates from the US in the early 1990s. Such monetary easing was appropriate for the US, but Hong Kong faced an asset price boom that called for monetary tightening. A counterargument against the negative impact of losing monetary policy is the availability of fiscal policy at the operating country’s disposal. However, the maneuverability of fiscal policy is determined by the fiscal and debt positions. In Sri Lanka’s context, the high debt to GDP ratio and fiscal deficits might restrict the use of fiscal policy for pump-priming-stimulating the economy in a recessionary period- due to the fear of losing investor confidence in debt sustainability. Thus, international evidence shows that countries with hard pegged exchange rate regimes generally tighten their fiscal policy in a recession. The Argentinian attempts to bring down the deficit in a recession in 2000 proved to be disastrous.

Sri Lanka’s high indebtedness will also challenge installing a currency board. Once a threat of a possible default looms, the interest rates soar, and refinancing debt will be increasingly difficult. In addition, the operating country needs reserves to back the monetary base in a currency board. In a currency board, the board must continually convert domestic currency for the anchor currency at a constant rate. It should be noted that the reserve level of Sri Lanka has dwindled over time in the recent past. Another drawback of currency boards is the requirement of real sector changes to compensate for the exchange rate deviations. For example, if the anchor currency appreciates against Sri Lanka’s main trading partners, wages should fall to compensate for the increase in foreign consumer prices, restoring competitiveness. Such an exercise needs greater flexibility in the labour markets. Thus, the flexibility of labour markets is a key to the sustainability of currency boards. The political feasibility of the institutional attempts to ease labour market regulations is highly doubtful.

Against this backdrop, the decision to install a currency board should be taken after a careful cost-benefit analysis. A currency board will be helpful to stabilise inflation in the short run but in the long run, Sri Lanka will be better off with a more flexible exchange rate regime. In addition, the benefits of a currency board are not exclusive. For example, fiscal discipline should be stronger in flexible exchange rate regimes as fiscal policy effects are reflected immediately and more transparently. Thus, if Sri Lanka enters into a currency board to stabilise inflation and domestic currency, it needs to contemplate an exit strategy. Generally, it is advisable to leave a currency board when the economy recovers. The requirement to surrender monetary independence and the inability to finance government expenditure under a currency board might reduce the political preference for such a system.



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European Union mobilises 2.6 million Euro to strengthen civil society in Sri Lanka

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Representatives from govt, policy makers and social acitivists

The European Union (EU)-funded “Together We Rise” initiative, implemented by World Vision and SAFE Foundation in Sri Lanka, is a €2.6 million project designed to strengthen civil society and promote human rights, inclusion and accountable governance. Over three years, the project will support 50 civil society organisations (CSOs) by providing targeted training and resources, while also engaging government institutions, policymakers and 250 social activists to enhance transparency, accountability and civic participation.

The initiative is expected to reach 701,100 people across nine districts, with a focus on underserved and conflict-affected areas. Participating organisations will include women-led, youth-led and those representing persons with disabilities. In addition, more than 350 CSO staff will benefit from tailored capacity-building and technical support to strengthen their effectiveness and long-term sustainability.

To achieve this, the project will begin by conducting a Capacity Development Needs Assessment (CDNA) to better understand the strengths and gaps of selected CSOs. Based on these findings, tailored Capacity Development Plans will be developed for each organisation, ensuring support is relevant, targeted, and impactful. Furthermore, through a capacity-building approach, CSOs will be strengthened in key areas including governance and leadership, financial management and compliance, inclusion, safeguarding, and gender equity, civic engagement and advocacy, digital capacity and innovation, as well as resilience and long-term sustainability.

Dr. Johann Hesse, Head of Cooperation at the European Union in Sri Lanka, noted, “With this EUR 2.6 million programme, the EU is investing in a stronger partnership with civil society for inclusive and sustainable development. Civil society organisations work alongside public institutions, helping to reach communities, mobilise citizens, and support the implementation of activities that are both national and EU priorities”.

In addition, selected CSOs will receive small grants to implement their development plans and respond to community needs, ensuring that learning is translated into action. The project will also create platforms for dialogue and engagement between communities, civil society, and government stakeholders, supporting advocacy efforts and influencing policy change.

Highlighting the importance of addressing structural inequalities, Nirosha Hapuarachchi, Project Manager for Together We Rise at SAFE Foundation, noted, “Youth unemployment (ages 15–29) stands at 34.5% in 2025, according to the Department of Census and Statistics. This highlights a critical gap between the skills possessed by young people and the demands of the labour market. Similarly, women and persons with disabilities continue to face social, economic, and structural challenges that limit their ability to access their rights and opportunities. In response to these challenges, the ‘Together We Rise’ project aims to promote inclusive development by addressing the needs and rights of youth, women, and persons with disabilities, enabling them to achieve sustainable, improved well-being”.

The initiative was introduced through a stakeholder engagement platform that brought together representatives from the EU, government institutions, civil society organisations, and community leaders, highlighting the importance of partnerships in driving sustainable development.

Chandrarathna D. Vithanage, Director General of the National Secretariat for Non-Governmental Organisations, emphasised the role of partnerships, stating, “A country can only truly develop when the government, business sector, and civil society work together. Together We Rise is a timely initiative with clear goals to strengthen the NGO sector, and I look forward to being part of this journey, building knowledge, fostering trust, and empowering village-level communities to take charge of the challenges they face.”

Underscoring the importance of inclusive, community-driven approaches, Glattes Rosairo, Project Manager for Together We Rise at World Vision Lanka, remarked, “Together We Rise is not just a phrase – it is a commitment to building strong, collaborative relationships that empower CSOs. This initiative prioritises listening to communities, amplifying the voices of persons with disabilities, youth, and women, and strengthening grassroots leadership to ensure sustainable and meaningful impact across Sri Lanka.”

Grounded in a rights-based, inclusive, and locally led approach, the project prioritises listening to communities, amplifying marginalised voices, and strengthening grassroots leadership – ensuring sustainable and meaningful impact across Sri Lanka.

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CINEC invites students to build future careers as social scientists

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Professor Prasad Sethunga

Students interested in understanding society, education, communication and human behaviour now have an opportunity to pursue that path through CINEC Campus, which is promoting its Faculty of Humanities and Education as a gateway to becoming tomorrow’s “social scientists.”

As economies and workplaces rapidly change through technology and automation, demand is rising for graduates who can analyse human needs, improve communication, strengthen communities and guide institutions through social change. CINEC says its programmes are designed to develop these skills through a combination of academic learning and practical training.

The institution offers a range of diploma and degree programmes including Early Childhood Education, English, Information Technology, and Sports and Physical Education. While diverse in subject matter, these courses share a common focus on producing graduates equipped to work with people, solve real-world challenges and contribute to national development.

CINEC places particular emphasis on careers linked to teaching, research, language development, communication and community leadership. Graduates may find opportunities as educators, trainers, social researchers, communication specialists, administrators and development professionals in both the public and private sectors.

According to the institution, its programmes are approved by the University Grants Commission and the Ministry of Higher Education. Prospective students should independently verify current recognition and course details before enrolment.

The campus also highlights a supportive learning environment with experienced lecturers and flexible study options for selected programmes, helping students balance education with work or other commitments.

At a time when technical skills alone may not be enough, fields connected to the humanities and social sciences are gaining renewed importance. Employers increasingly value communication ability, leadership, empathy, critical thinking and cultural understanding—qualities often developed through these disciplines.

For school leavers and working adults seeking meaningful careers that influence society and improve lives, CINEC says it is positioning its programmes as a pathway to becoming a new generation of social scientists.

By Sanath Nanayakkare

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Pride in hospitality: Ranil Asanka’s story at ‘City of Dreams’ Sri Lanka

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Ranil Asanka

Ranil Asanka, who hails from Matugama, is a dedicated team leader at Quizine Restaurant in City of Dreams Sri Lanka.

He speaks with pride and passion about his long journey in the hospitality industry. He spent 15 years at Cinnamon Lakeside and later joined Cinnamon Life from its inception, becoming part of one of Sri Lanka’s most exciting hospitality developments from the very beginning.

“Our restaurant is the biggest in the city,” Ranil says proudly. “At one time, more than 600 guests can dine here.”

Quizine Restaurant is famous for its impressive buffet experience, offering breakfast, lunch, and dinner buffets every day, along with à la carte options. However, Ranil explains that buffet dining remains their main focus.

“What makes us special is the largest variety of buffet dishes,” he says. “We serve Indian, Western, Chinese, Sri Lankan, and Japanese cuisine.”

Among all the options, Ranil notes that guests especially love Indian and Sri Lankan food.

“Mostly Indian and Sri Lankan guests come here, and they enjoy those cuisines the most,” he explains. “Sri Lankan food is a little spicy, and some Indian dishes are spicy too.”

Ranil’s career path is also a story of growth and smart decisions. He first pursued his highest studies in the science field, but later chose to switch to AAT and CIMA qualifications to build better prospects in the hospitality sector.

This move helped him combine academic knowledge with practical business and management skills.

Ranil feels honored to be part of such a prestigious hotel.

“This is the heart of the Cinnamon Hotels,” he says. “It is the biggest one, and I am proud to work here.”

The restaurant remains busy every day, welcoming a constant flow of guests from many countries, especially India, Sri Lanka, and China.

When asked what advice he would give to young people hoping to join the hotel industry, Ranil shares a simple but powerful message:

“When you work in any hotel, work with your heart. Always gain knowledge. That is how you come to the next level.”

From Matugama to one of Sri Lanka’s premier hospitality destinations, Ranil Asanka’s story reflects dedication, adaptability, and pride in serving others—qualities that make hospitality truly special at City of Dreams Sri Lanka.

By Ifham Nizam

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