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China poised for diplomatic windfall in Sri Lanka elections

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Beijing backs politicians and influential Buddhist leaders, expert says

MARWAAN MACAN-MARKAR, Asia regional correspondent, Nikkei Asian Review

 

BANGKOK — China is cultivating a wide swathe of political allies in Sri Lanka ahead of the nation’s general elections on Aug. 5, marking a break from throwing its lot in with one dominant political camp.

 

Foreign policy insiders in the small South Asian nation reckon the strategy fortifies the edge China has over geopolitical adversaries India, Japan and the U.S. when it comes to influencing a country that straddles an increasingly contested stretch of the Indian Ocean.

 

This diplomatic shift, the insiders say, has been marked by quiet, behind-the-scenes meetings between Chinese emissaries and the leading political parties vying for votes ahead of elections that in a little more than two weeks will determine parliament’s 225 lawmakers.

 

The coronavirus’s impact in Sri Lanka provided China with an opening to demonstrate its newly tuned diplomacy. Song Tao, minister of the international department of the Chinese Communist Party’s Central Committee, in June hosted a video conference with leaders of Sri Lanka’s major political parties to cultivate bipartisan bonds under the guise of fighting COVID-19.

 

The island nation has reported 2,674 infections and 11 deaths. According to Luo Chong, a spokesperson of the Chinese embassy in Colombo, the meeting was a goodwill gesture that has been repeated with other allies in the wake of the pandemic. “The International Department of the Communist Party of China conducted several joint-video conferences with different parties in Sri Lanka, Nepal, [the] Philippines, Indonesia and Arab counties, which is a common practice, especially under the current COVID-19 situation,” he told the Nikkei Asian Review.

 

The pandemic has boosted China’s influence in Sri Lanka, a veteran Sri Lankan diplomat said, referring to a $500 million loan President Gotabaya Rajapaksa desperately sought from China to help fight COVID-19.

 

“China is the only international player who has the funds to help with such emergencies,” the diplomat said. “Beijing was prompt because it knows which political players it is closer to in Sri Lanka — the Rajapaksas,” referring to the president and his elder brother Prime Minister Mahinda Rajapaksa, a former president.

 

But seasoned observers of Chinese diplomacy read more into Beijing’s preelection encounters with parties across Sri Lanka’s political spectrum.

 

Patrick Mendis, a visiting professor of global affairs at the National Chengchi University, based in Taiwan, said the CCP constantly adjusts its diplomacy based on previous outcomes. “It has remarkable agility to change as China learns from its past mistakes in Sri Lanka,” Mendis said. “Now, it supports not only political parties but influential Buddhist leaders, as China realizes the power of the Buddhist clergy in domestic politics.”

 

In 2015, China was perceived as backing then incumbent President Mahinda Rajapaksa. But Mahinda lost his reelection bid in a shock setback for the country’s most politically influential clan, the Rajapaksas, who had displayed signs of dynastic ambitions.

 

That 2015 poll, the second after the Rajapaksas presided over the end of a nearly 30-year Civil War, was marked by allegations that India, the regional power in South Asia, and China were bankrolling competing campaigns.

 

The Rajapaksa camp accused the Research and Analysis Wing, India’s spy agency, of pouring funds into a coalition of anti- Rajapaksa political parties to defeat Mahinda in his run for a third term.

 

Former President Maithripala Sirisena ended up winning, and his camp accused a Chinese company with investments in Sri Lanka of financing the Rajapaksa campaign.

 

Last year, in November, Gotabaya Rajapaksa, a former military lieutenant colonel, won a decisive mandate in the presidential poll, signaling voter appetite for a strongman leader after five years of a divisive and dysfunctional administration under an anti-Rajapaksa coalition.

 

While China burrowed deep into Sri Lankan politics — it has even commissioned local pollsters to gauge voter sentiment — it was also lavishing multibillion-dollar loans on the country for large infrastructure projects ranging from a new harbor and airport to highways. Not surprisingly, China accounts for 10% of Sri Lanka’s ballooning external debt of $55 billion. Compare that number to $88 billion, the size of the island’s economy

 

The China-funded projects have become a hot-button issue during election cycles as some Sri Lankan voters take a dislike to foreign money paying for strategic assets. “This was never the case before,” a senior South Asian diplomat said. “Foreign policy and foreign investment [used to have] bipartisan backing no matter which party won, but that has changed over the last few years, and strategic investments have become campaign fodder.”

 

As for Japan, for decades Sri Lanka’s largest bilateral lender and development partner, it now must deal with the Rajapaksa tilt toward China. Mere months into his first term, Gotabaya Rajapaksa has sent mixed messages to Japan about the fate of two multibillion-dollar infrastructure projects, both of which were championed by the previous coalition government.

 

One is an elevated light railway system through parts of Greater Colombo, the island’s largest commercial city. The new government says the rail will have to be delayed.

 

The other is an expanded container terminal in Colombo Port, which also has Indian and Sri Lankan backers. The tripartite agreement, signed in 2019 by the previous government, is also at the whim of the Rajapaksa government, which wants new terms. Japan appears unmoved for now. “There is no such fact that Japan and Sri Lanka have agreed to revise the plan of the LRT project,” an official at the Japanese Embassy in Colombo told Nikkei, referring to the Light Railway Transit project. “We understand that this project has so far been implemented as planned by the Sri Lankan implementing agency.”

 

But India’s government is fuming over the matter, especially now that the Rajapaksa camp is turning the Colombo Port container terminal project into an anti-India campaign issue.

 

Diplomatic sources in Colombo say India eyed a stake in the Colombo Port as a counterweight to China’s growing dominance in Sri Lanka’s maritime economy.

 

“The Indians don’t trust the Rajapaksas,” said a diplomat from a Western embassy in Sri Lanka’s former capital. “They see them as doubled-tongued. A reversal on the port project would see India returning to the pre-2015 days of distrusting Colombo.”

 

The U.S. faces a similar quandary. A $480 million grant under Washington’s so-called Millennium Challenge Corporation was partially meant to help upgrade Sri Lanka’s transport and logistics infrastructure, but it too has become an electoral football, as it was during the presidential election in November. Rajapaksa has profited from the anti-MCC campaign rhetoric of his ultranationalist constituency among the country’s Sinhala-Buddhist ethnic majority.

 

The U.S. may have to bite this political bullet to achieve its longer-termstrategic vision in the Indian Ocean, which includes Sri Lanka.

 

“Washington’s attention to Sri Lanka appears to be increasingly fueled by geostrategic concerns about China,” said Nilanthi Samaranayake, director for strategy and policy analysis at the Center for Naval Analysis, a Washington-based think tank. “[There is more] attention on Sri Lanka than ever before… [and there willbe] questions [after the elections] about which direction Sri Lankawill move in regarding its policies toward India, the U.S. and China.”



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Banking sector claims its integrity intact despite ‘isolated incidents of fraud’

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Manatunge

Sri Lanka’s banking sector has provided a collective and categorical assurance that it remains stable, resilient, and secure despite a few recent isolated incidents of financial fraud, emphasising that these developments do not pose a threat to the safety of customer deposits or the overall integrity of the financial system.

While acknowledging that such incidents have understandably generated some concerns, the industry has reiterated that it is addressing these matters comprehensively and that it is well equipped to manage and mitigate these challenges. This assurance was conveyed in a statement issued to the media by the Sri Lanka Banks’ Association (SLBA), which represents all licensed commercial banks in the country.

Addressing recent reports of financial fraud and cyber-related incidents that have drawn heightened public attention, the Association underscored the strength of the sector’s fundamentals and the effectiveness of ongoing regulatory oversight and risk management frameworks.

“Recent reports of financial fraud and cyber-related incidents have understandably received public attention. Industry leaders and regulators emphasise, however, that the banking sector remains fundamentally strong, resilient, and well equipped to withstand such challenges, without compromising its core stability or the security of customer deposits,” the Chairman of the SLBA Sanath Manatunge stated.

He noted that while many social media posts are either misleading or carry inaccurate information, some recent cases, including electronic fund transfer fraud, have raised important questions about digital security. However, these incidents represent only a very small proportion relative to the substantial institutional capital buffers maintained by banks. Importantly, depositors are assured that customer funds remain secure, with any such losses being absorbed through institutional capital buffers rather than public deposits.

Other cybercrime cases reported in recent months, including phishing-related fraud which are not directly connected to the banking industry and hence do not manifest any vulnerabilities in the system, however underscore the evolving and increasingly sophisticated nature of digital threats faced by financial systems worldwide, the Chairman said, but stressed that these are isolated incidents and do not reflect systemic weaknesses across the banking industry.

Reinforcing this position, the Central Bank of Sri Lanka has confirmed that all licensed banks continue to maintain capital adequacy and liquidity ratios well above minimum regulatory requirements, the Association pointed out. The regulator has also reiterated its readiness to provide temporary liquidity support if required, ensuring the uninterrupted stability of the financial system.

“Sri Lanka’s banking sector collectively manages trillions of rupees in assets, supported by diversified portfolios and robust governance frameworks. This scale, combined with prudent risk management practices, provides a strong foundation for absorbing shocks while maintaining public confidence,” Manatunge said.

At the same time, the industry is actively strengthening its defences against emerging threats. Banks are continuously enhancing cybersecurity frameworks through investments in advanced Fraud Risk Management Systems, more rigorous monitoring protocols, and independent forensic audits. These efforts are complemented by ongoing regulatory and parliamentary initiatives aimed at strengthening governance, accountability, and transparency across the sector.

Recognising that customer awareness is a critical line of defence, banks have also intensified public education initiatives focused on safe digital practices. These include guidance on password security, phishing prevention, and the secure use of QR codes and other digital payment tools.

The SLBA noted that cyber fraud is not unique to Sri Lanka, with similar incidents reported in major economies around the world. In these markets, banking systems have remained stable, supported by strong regulatory oversight and continuous adaptation to emerging risks. Sri Lanka’s banking industry is demonstrating comparable resilience, with swift corrective measures and vigilant supervision reinforcing confidence in the system.

While recent incidents have highlighted certain challenges in the environment, the benefits of digital banking far outweigh such concerns, Manatunge added, reiterating that Sri Lanka’s financial sector remains robust, well-capitalised, and subject to close regulatory oversight. These incidents are isolated in nature and do not indicate systemic failure, and the corrective measures already underway are expected to further strengthen the sector’s resilience against future threats.

The SLBA concluded: “Sri Lanka’s banks continue to stand as pillars of stability, safeguarding customer deposits while supporting the country’s economic progress. We urge customers to remain vigilant in their own digital practices, even as the industry continues to enhance the safeguards that protect them.”

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Rivers remain mostly normal despite overnight rains; one basin on alert

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Most of the country’s major rivers remained at normal levels despite intermittent overnight rainfall, according to the Irrigation Department’s Hydrology and Disaster Management Division early Tuesday.

However, officials warned that the Kuda Ganga at Kalawellawa (Millakanda) had reached the “Alert” level and was showing a rising trend following heavy rainfall in the catchment areas.

Irrigation Department Director of Hydrology and Disaster Management, Eng. L.S. Sooriyabandara, said the department was closely monitoring the situation, particularly in low-lying areas vulnerable to sudden flooding.

“The majority of river basins are still within normal limits, but the Kuda Ganga has shown a notable increase due to rainfall recorded in upstream regions. Residents living near vulnerable riverbanks should remain vigilant,” he told The Island yesterday.

According to the Irrigation Department’s 3.00 a.m. hydrological update, the Kuda Ganga at Kalawellawa recorded a water level of 5.10 metres, above the alert threshold of 5.00 metres, with rainfall of 24.3 mm recorded during the previous 18 hours.

Hydrology officials noted that although several rivers in the south-western wet zone experienced moderate rainfall, water levels in major rivers including the Kelani, Kalu, Gin and Nilwala remained within safe margins.

The Kelani Ganga at Hanwella recorded 3.87 metres, while the Kalu Ganga at Ratnapura stood at 4.58 metres — both remaining well below flood levels.

Meanwhile, the Maguru Ganga at Magura received one of the highest rainfall readings at 56.8 mm, while the Kalu Ganga basin at Ratnapura received 51.8 mm during the 18-hour observation period.

A senior Disaster Management Centre (DMC) official said there was no immediate flood threat in most districts, but local authorities had been advised to remain alert due to the prevailing unstable weather conditions.

“We are coordinating with the Irrigation Department and district disaster management units. At present there is no major flood situation, but people in low-lying and landslide-prone areas should pay attention to weather advisories,” the official said.

The Department of Meteorology has forecast further showers in several parts of the country, particularly in the Western, Sabaragamuwa and Southern provinces.

Officials urged the public to avoid unnecessary travel through flood-prone roads during heavy rain and to stay updated through official weather and disaster management bulletins.

By Ifham Nizam

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MAC Holdings donates Rs. 5 million to ‘Rebuilding Sri Lanka’ Fund

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Andre Fernando (left) handing over the cheque to Dr. Kumanayake

Leading corporate entity MAC HOLDINGS (PVT) LTD donated Rs. 5 million to the government’s ‘Rebuilding Sri Lanka’ Fund, established to provide relief to communities affected by Cyclone Ditwah.

The cheque was handed over recently at a simple ceremony at the Presidential Secretariat. Managing Director/Chairman of MAC HOLDINGS (PVT) LTD, Andre Fernando, handed over the cheque to Secretary to the President, Dr. Nandika Sanath Kumanayake.

Group Director/Chief Financial Officer Tilak Gunawardena and Management Trainee Anick Fernando were also present.

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