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Midweek Review

Catastrophic consequences of Sri Lanka’s failure to counter war crimes allegations

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Foreign citizens of Sri Lanka origin display LTTE flags and large pictures of Velupillai Prabhakaran outside the United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC) in Geneva in March this year demanding international action against Sri Lanka. The protest was meant to draw attention of the UNHRC’s 58th session (pic courtesy Tamil Guardian)

Successive governments, instead of setting the record straight regarding war crimes accusations, sought to appease Tamil groups based in Europe, the US and Canada. Their failure encouraged and inspired those seeking to humiliate Sri Lanka. Former Northern Province Chief Minister C.V. Wigneswaran’s shocking declaration in 2016 without a shred of any evidence despite him being an ex-Supreme Court Judge that the Army poisoned over 100 LTTE cadres in custody is a case in point. The exposure of propaganda, also during the Yahapalanaya rule, pertained to the Mannar mass graves, is another example of political parties here extending support for the Geneva project. But governments conveniently turned a blind eye to such treacherous actions. Had the Mahinda Rajapaksa government built Sri Lanka’s defence on wartime US Defence advisor Lt. Colonel Lawrence Smith’s denial in June 2011 of battlefield executions, also taking into consideration General Sarath Fonseka winning all the Northern and Eastern districts at the 2010 presidential election, with the backing of the TNA, a solid defence could have been established.

The stage is set for a devastating attack on Sri Lanka at the 60th session of the Human Rights Council (HRC), in Geneva, on 08 September. The 47-member HRC, dominated by Western powers, will advance their anti-Sri Lanka agenda unopposed. In line with their despicable strategy, Austrian lawyer and UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Volker Türk will present his trumped up damning report against Sri Lanka, while turning a blind eye to the unprecedented US-backed genocide taking place in Palestine.

The reportage of the Austrian’s visit here, in June, underscored their intentions at the forthcoming session.

Every government, beginning with the war-winning Mahinda Rajapaksa administration, facilitated the Geneva project, trusting the hatchet men/women placed in key UN positions by the powerful West that couldn’t stomach Sri Lanka’s triumph over separatist Tamil terrorism, 17 years ago. Their pathetic failure to counter lies propagated by interested parties, both here and abroad, allowed HRC to proceed, while the US, the UK, Canada et al resorted to high profile measures against the war-winning country.

Regardless of heavy and determined Western pressure meant to throw a lifeline to the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), the combined armed forces brought the war to a successful conclusion in May 2009. The LTTE boasted of its invincibility over the years but collapsed on the Vanni east front, where it was cornered behind a Tamil civilian human shield, following a nearly three-year long relentless security forces campaign.

Unfortunately, the government and the then main Opposition UNP couldn’t reach consensus on Sri Lanka’s greatest achievement since independence. The UNP teamed up with the one-time LTTE ally the Tamil National Alliance (TNA) and the JVP to field war-winning Army Chief General Sarath Fonseka as the common candidate at the 2010 presidential election. That reprehensible political project failed. But, five years later, the same lot succeeded. Wartime SLFP General Secretary Maithripala Sirisena switched his allegiance to UNP leader Ranil Wickremesinghe to secure backing for his candidature at the 2015 presidential poll. Having secured the TNA backing, the Sirisena-Wickremesinghe duo had no option but to betray the country.

Sri Lanka threw its weight behind the Geneva project. The Sirisena-Wickremesinghe government dubbed Yahapalanaya (good governance, without it being anything but that) betrayed the war-winning military and political leadership in October 2015. The Sirisena-Wickremesinghe government treacherously co-sponsored a resolution against the country. That was in line with a tripartite agreement among the US, Sri Lanka and the TNA. The TNA, that recognised the LTTE as the sole representative of the Tamil speaking people, today demands accountability on the part of Sri Lanka.

The 60th HRC sessions takes place against the backdrop of Canada declaring that Sri Lanka perpetrated genocide, while former Presidents Mahinda Rajapaksa and Gotabaya Rajapaksa, as well as Admiral of the Fleet Wasantha Karannagoda, former Chief of Defence Staff Gen Shavendra Silva, and scores of other military officers have been summarily blacklisted without any due process whatsoever.

Close on the heels of the Geneva betrayal, Australia declined to issue a visa to the then serving officer Maj. Gen. Chagie Gallage. That was in 2016. The Gajaba Regiment veteran was among those cream of officers who spearheaded and hastened the collapse of the LTTE’s conventional capability. Gallage had been among those on the ground when the Army (58 Division, 53 Division and Task Force Eight) encircled and annihilated the LTTE fighting units at Anandapuram in April 2009. The then Brigadier Ralf Nugera and Brigadier G. Ravipriya had been among the officers on the ground with Gallage. The Anandapuram debacle hastened the LTTE’s collapse.

Had politicians bothered to listen to/read what Gallage said at Gajaba Regimental Headquarters, in September 2018, they may have realised the need to take tangible measures to counter lies. Instead all political parties sought to deceive the public. The worst was President Gotabaya Rajapaksa’s government that declared Sri Lanka’s withdrawal from the 2015 accountability resolution. That was nothing but a blatant lie and an attempt to pull wool over the eyes of gullible people. In spite of that ridiculous declaration, the Geneva project proceeded unabated. Next week’s HRC session is evidence that foolish declarations made by the SLPP government in Geneva made no difference.

Key issues

The writer sought the views of the UK-based Editor-in-Chief of ‘Tamil Guardian’, Dr. N. Thusiyan, on Sri Lanka conflict-related matters. After having asked the writer to submit the questions, Thusiyan said that the issues raised by The Island couldn’t be addressed by him at present. The Island regularly reproduces online ‘Tamil Guardian’ reports. It is an online, English language news site, based in London.

With the UK and Canada planning to propose a new resolution on Sri Lanka, during the forthcoming session, it would be pertinent to discuss the issues that were raised with Dr. Thusiyan.

(1) Your name:

(2) Profession:

(3) Previous job/journalism experience:

(4) When did you last visit Colombo?

(5) Are you a British citizen? If so, when did you receive UK citizenship?

(6) If so, when did you move to the UK? Or were you born in the UK? If not, where were you born?

(7) When did you receive the appointment as Editor, Tamil Guardian? Who was your predecessor?

(8) Would you mind sharing your feelings with the writer about how you felt when a joint UK-French attempt, in late April 2009, failed to halt the combined security forces offensive against the LTTE? Did you receive an opportunity to discuss their failure with the then UK Foreign Secretary (2007 to 2010)?

(9) Did you ever meet LTTE theoretician Anton Balasingham in the UK?

(10) Recently, the Tamil Guardian posted statements attributed to lawmakers Gajendrakumar Ponnambalam and Shanakiyan Rasamanickam. Both of them demanded international investigations into accountability issues (war crimes perpetrated by armed forces). The writer, too, accepts that international investigations, with the participation of foreign judges, are essential to ensure justice. There cannot be any dispute over that. However, India and Tamil groups responsible for terrorist acts, too, should be subjected to such investigations as atrocities perpetrated by the Indian military in NE Sri Lanka cannot be ignored. What is your opinion?

(11) Do you think India should be held accountable for launching a terrorist campaign in Sri Lanka?

(12) Let me ask you about a specific allegation made by Jaffna District lawmaker Dharmalingam Siddharthan. During an interview with the writer, way back in 1997, in Colombo, Siddharthan alleged that his father V. Dharmalingam was assassinated by TELO in 1985 on the instructions of RAW. Tamil Guardian, in early September 2024, reported the 39th death anniversary of Dharmalingam at Thavadi at the Dharmalingam memorial monument. Do you think a Truth Commission should inquire into all killings from the very beginning?

(13) Having sanctioned Admiral of the Fleet Wasantha Karannagoda, General Shavendra Silva, General Jagath Jayasuriya and Vinayagamoorthy Muralitharan, alias Karuna Amman, on March 24, 2025, Secretary of State for Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Affairs, David Lammy, declared that he assured the electorate, during the election campaign, to ensure those responsible wouldn’t be allowed impunity. The Ministry quoted Lammy as having said that the imposition of sanctions ensured that those responsible for past human rights violations and abuses were held accountable. What would you say to allegations/assertions UK political parties/lawmakers are brazenly engaged in petty vote-bank politics?

(14) Following quite a foolish Hamas foray into southern Israel in early October 2023, possibly out of sheer desperation, and the Jewish State’s counter attack, many experts, including Indians, compared Benjamin Netanyahu’s war with Sri Lanka’s campaign against the LTTE. The writer is of the view that the Gaza war, that has been expanded by Netanyahu, with the blessings of the US and UK and other like-minded countries, cannot be compared with Sri Lanka’s war at all. What is your take on such comparisons?

(15) Over the years, Tamil speaking lawmakers, and various other interested parties, demand the immediate release of ‘political prisoners’ held by the government. Tamil Guardian constantly gives coverage to media briefings, protests and other events meant to highlight the issue whether it is true or not. The writer is of the view that out of over 12,000 LTTE combatants who surrendered to the military in 2009 almost all were released and only a handful convicted for terrorism and a few held under PTA remain in custody because of heinous crimes and awaiting trial. Those who had been demanding the release of political prisoners strangely never mentioned names of those in custody. Perhaps you should, in consultation with those who made that claim, disclose the identities of all political prisoners?

(16) In the wake of the UN Human Rights Chief’s declaration that armed forces should hand back public and private property held by them in the Northern and Eastern regions, the writer sought clarification from the military regarding the issue. The military confidently declared that 91% of all such land had been released by June this year. When we raised the issue with the UN Human Rights Chief’s office, he, too, admitted so. According to Tamil Guardian sources, what is the status of land held by the military?

(17) Some, perhaps wrongly believe Tamil nationalism suffered due to the NPP winning the Northern and Eastern regions at both the presidential and parliamentary polls last year. In spite of Tamil political parties, particularly the Illankai Thamil Arasu Kadchi (ITAK) making a strong comeback at the subsequent Local Government polls, the situation there seems politically fluid. However, the forthcoming Provincial Council elections is likely to give the Northern and Eastern electorates a chance to reassess the situation. What do you think Tamil political parties, particularly the ITAK, should do to garner the support of the Northern and Eastern electorates?

(18) There had been several abortive attempts at a negotiated settlement during the conflict. Initially, the TULF spearheaded the effort on behalf of the Tamil community. Subsequently, the government held talks with half a dozen Indian-sponsored groups, including the LTTE. Following the decimation of rival groups in the wake of Indian withdrawal from Sri Lanka, in 1990, after having established the Provincial Council system, the LTTE emerged as the only group committed to establish Eelam. Now that they have been eradicated for once and for all, what do you think is the best possible way forward to achieve a lasting solution?

(19) Do you think post-war reconciliation can be achieved by punishing the war-winning military whereas absolutely no action is contemplated against those who fought for the LTTE and often committed heinous crimes in the name of liberation, but now enjoyed the privileges as Europeans, Canadians, etc.?

(20) What would you think may pave the way for voluntary reconciliation among various Tamil factions? Perhaps you may like to discuss the case of Gopalswamy Mahendraraja, alias Mahattaya, whom the writer had the opportunity to meet at Koliyakulam, Vavuniya, in January 1990, a few years before his execution at Velupillai Prabhakaran’s behest? Would you like to explain why the Tamil Diaspora never made reference to Mahattaya? Do they believe the LTTE’s number two had been involved with RAW, as alleged by Subramaniam Sivakamy, alias Thamilini, in her memoirs before she succumbed to cancer at the age of 43?

(21) Canadian Parliament, in May 2022, unanimously and blindly declared without any credible evidence that Sri Lanka had perpetrated genocide during the conflict. Do you believe the UK and other countries, where a significant number of people of Sri Lankan origin live, too, should follow the Canadian example? (It is obviously a case of these colonialists having committed large scale genocide to rob the lands of the natives now blindly accuse others of doing similar things to assuage their own guilty consciences. So why not hold these colonialists to same laws they are now trying to punish poor countries, like Sri Lanka with, especially she having been a victim of Western colonialism/genocide, like at Wellassa, several times?)

(22) How do you view the continuing dispute between India and Canada over the latter’s backing for those still pushing for an independent Sikh state, known as Khalistan? Shouldn’t this issue be closely examined against the backdrop of Canada placing Gary Anandasangaree in charge of border controls, etc., in spite of some challenging his integrity?

(23) Approximate strength of Tamil Diaspora?

(24) What is your opinion on the Provincial Council system that had been introduced in terms of the Indo-Lanka Accord of July 29, 1987? Do you think the PC system is sufficient to meet the aspirations of the Tamil speaking people and finally would you push for re-merger of the Eastern Province with the Northern Province in line with overall Tamil thinking?

Post-war destabilisation

For want of consensus among political parties, represented in Parliament, regarding the post-war reconciliation process, interested parties succeeded in exploiting Parliament to the hilt.

The co-sponsorship of the anti-Sri Lanka resolution, in October 2015, just a couple of weeks after the general election won by the UNP, paved the way for the legislature to pass laws in line with the understanding reached with the US and the TNA.

The Sirisena-Wickremesinghe duo were so beholden to the TNA, its leader the late R. Sampanthan was made the Opposition Leader.

Secretary to the Federation of National Organisations (FNO) Dr. Wasantha Bandara, who had been at the forefront of the campaign against the Geneva project, asserted that those hell-bent on doing away with the country’s unitary status succeeded in exploiting Parliament to advance their agenda. Three of the offices that had been mentioned in the Geneva road map had been set up beginning with the Office on Missing Persons (OMP) in Aug 2016, followed by Office of Reparations in Oct 2018 and Office for National Unity and Reconciliation (ONUR) Bill in January 2024. Dr. Bandara said that their efforts to convince the SLPP and SJB to take a firm stand against the separatist agenda had been in vain.

Successive governments instead of setting the record straight regarding war crimes accusations sought to appease Tamil groups based in Europe, US and Canada. Their failure encouraged and inspired those seeking to humiliate Sri Lanka. Former Northern Province Chief Minister C.V. Wigneswaran’s shocking declaration in 2016 without a shred of any evidence despite him being an ex-Supreme Court Judge that the Army poisoned over 100 LTTE cadres in custody is a case in point. The exposure of propaganda, also during the Yahapalanaya rule, pertained to Mannar mass graves, is another example of political parties here extending support for the Geneva project. But governments conveniently turned a blind eye to such treacherous actions.

Had the Mahinda Rajapaksa government built Sri Lanka’s defence on wartime US Defence advisor Lt. Colonel Lawrence Smith’s denial in June 2011 of battlefield executions, also taking into consideration General Sarath Fonseka winning all the Northern and Eastern districts at the 2010 presidential election, with the backing of the TNA, a solid defence could have been established.

The disclosure made by Lord Naseby, in October 2017, on the basis of information obtained through the UK Freedom of Information Act 2000, further strengthened Sri Lanka’s position. But, Yahapalanaya simply ignored Lord Naseby’s efforts. Quite shockingly, President Gotabaya Rajapaksas’s government, too, never made a genuine effort to use all available information to counter lies.

The Geneva process has reached a dangerous stage and those protesting against foreign intervention must realise that their agenda cannot be reversed by signing petitions, seminars or demonstrations. Interested parties still play politics with the issues at hand thereby facilitating the Geneva project.

By Shamindra Ferdinando



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Midweek Review

Nobel Peace Prize for Pillay draws global attention to Eelam war

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Navi Pillay visits Kilinochchi in late August, 2013.

Having failed on multiple occasions to reach consensus with the LTTE, Sri Lanka, finally, during President Mahinda Rajapaksa tenure, launched all-out war. The LTTE lasted two years and 10 months. In spite of warnings regarding a long drawn out hit and run campaign, the group couldn’t reorganise. The rest is history

By Shamindra Ferdinando

The recent award of the 2026 Nobel Peace Prize to South African jurist and former United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights Navanethem Pillay, 85, drew global attention to Sri Lanka’s successful war against the separatist Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE). Sri Lanka brought the war to an end a year after Pillay succeeded Louise Arbour (2004 to 2008) as UN Human Rights Chief.

Congratulating Pillay, the only UN Human Rights chief to win the Nobel Peace Prize, Dr. Jehan Perera, on behalf of the National Peace Council (NPC), issued a press release which was aptly headlined, citing the main obvious agenda of the NGO lobby – ‘Nobel Peace Prize to Navanethem Pillay is reminder to Sri Lanka of unfinished commitments’ (https://island.lk/nobel-peace-prize-to-navanethem-pillay-is-reminder-to-sri-lanka-of-unfinished-commitments-npc/)

Pillay currently serves as a temporary judge on the International Court of Justice (ICJ), presiding over the case where Myanmar is under investigation for perpetrating genocide.

The Global Tamil Forum (GTF), too, cheered, stating that for the Tamil people in Sri Lanka, Ms. Pillay’s contribution, during her tenure as United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, holds particular significance. The UK headquartered GTF stated: “At a time when the grave allegations of war crimes and crimes against humanity, committed in Sri Lanka, risked being forgotten or marginalised, she helped ensure that accountability remained firmly on the international agenda. Her call for an international investigation marked an important moment in the continuing struggle for truth and justice for the victims and survivors of the Sri Lankan conflict. Although meaningful justice remains elusive to this day, the international attention sustained through these efforts continues to offer hope to victims, survivors and their families. (https://www.newswire.lk/2026/10/13/gtf-congratulates-navi-pillay-on-nobel-peace-prize-recalls-her-calls-for-sri-lanka-war-crimes-probe/)

The Tamil Guardian, too, applauded Pillay’s intervention in Sri Lanka (https://www.tamilguardian.com/content/nobel-laureate-navi-pillay-and-long-fight-hold-sri-lanka-account). Did the Norwegian Nobel Committee meticulously examine Pillay’s role in Sri Lanka? Comprehensive examination of her role is of critical importance as Norway-led mostly one sided peace process here created mayhem.

Let us discuss the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights during the period Pillay held the top post, from 2008 to 2014. Her term commenced on 01 September, 2008, as the LTTE was resisting a multi-pronged ground offensive, targeting Kilinochchi, which the group considered as its administrative headquarters, after the loss of Jaffna peninsula, during the 1995/1996 period.

Pillay’s Office hadn’t been worried as the LTTE continued to boast it held the upper hand in the northern theatre of operations. The Tamil Diaspora, too, remained confident of the fighting prowess of the LTTE, though Mahinda Rajapaksa’s government sustained the offensive, while all self-appointed pundits said Sri Lankan security forces were incapable of defeating the LTTE, including some of our so-called expert columnists here, who were actually cheerleaders for the Western agenda. Pillay was obviously deceived. Geneva wasn’t really bothered about the situation on the ground in spite of the fighting formations making slow but steady progress.

Those who believed in the LTTE’s battlefield invincibility were jolted when the Army regained Kilinochchi on 02 January, 2009. The often repeated myth was shattered. The armed forces achieved the notable target two months short of two years after the launch of their Vanni campaign. The loss of Kilinochchi made the outcome of the Eelam war a foregone conclusion.

The government disregarded the LTTE’s repeated warnings that Colombo would be bombed if the Army attempted to regain Kilinochchi. The fall of Kilinochchi, just four months after Pillay’s new appointment, should have galvanized Geneva. Unfortunately, Geneva failed to act swiftly and decisively. Had Geneva, with the backing of Sri Lanka peace co-chairs, namely the US, Norway, Japan and EU, brought real pressure on the LTTE the final onslaught on the Vanni east front could have been averted. Thousands of lives could have been saved. But, Geneva pursued its own agenda, regardless of the LTTE resorting to gathering large-scale civilian human shields.

It would be pertinent to mention that Pillay herself conceded, in March, 2009, that the LTTE used civilians as human shields, shot those who left and forcibly recruited people, including children, to fight. But, in her capacity as the UN Human Rights chief, she stopped short of demanding the immediate release of civilians held as human shield. Perhaps, Pillay’s Indian Tamil origin discouraged her from making such a call. Those who applauded the Nobel Peace Prize for Pillay should examine their own response to the LTTE’s widespread use of civilian shields and children in combat operations during the January-May 19, 2009 period.

UN inaction

The UN obviously responded to the then developing situation in Sri Lanka on the presumption that the armed forces lacked the wherewithal to bring the war to a successful conclusion. Pillay and then UN Secretary General South Korean Ban-ki moon misjudged the situation in Sri Lanka.

Both appeared to have believed the LTTE myth, floated by the West, that in spite of heavy battlefield beatings, it had the military depth to halt the armed forces offensive. Reappraisal of UN operations here could easily establish Ban-ki moon and Pillay’s predecessor Louise Arbour never really sought to pressure the LTTE not to prolong the bloodshed by literally backing its crazy demands. In fact, the UN failed to realise that the liberation of the entire Eastern Province by the second week of July 2007 may pave the way for a determined government bid to regain the entire Vanni region.

The UN, obviously, failed to take into consideration the launch of the Vanni offensive in March 2007, months ahead of the conclusion of major operations in the Eastern theatre.

Seeing how the UN has been behaving in places like Gaza, West Bank, Lebanon and elsewhere, luckily for us Mahinda Rajapaksa stuck to his guns, but the West is now exacting revenge from that family through its proxies.

The UN secretly negotiated for the release of two UN workers held by the LTTE in the Vanni. The Colombo-based UN bigwigs kept the incident under wraps believing that the LTTE would eventually free them.

In spite of the UN Headquarters receiving information regarding the incident, an influential section of the Colombo-based diplomatic community strived to resolve the dispute without bringing it to the notice of the government. The UN office in Colombo should have brought the incident immediately to the notice of the government.

The LTTE accused Tamil UN staffers of helping Tamils flee the LTTE-held region. Civilians began fleeing the region amidst signs that fighting could be intensified.

The UN brought the detention of UN workers to the notice of the government after all its efforts failed to convince the LTTE. The LTTE is believed to have detained UN workers for about a month. We haven’t heard of the UN ever seeking punitive action against the LTTE. The responsibilities of the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights cannot be discussed without examining the overall UN response to the Sri Lanka war.

The UN turned a blind eye to the forcible recruitment of children by the LTTE. Ban Ki-moon or Pillay never bothered to revisit the agreement that had been finalised during President Chandrika Bandaranaike Kumaratunga’s tenure. The agreement worked out among the government, the UN, the ICRC and the LTTE was meant to stop the despicable practice of deploying child soldiers.

An unprecedented agreement

Had the UN taken meaningful measures to ensure the implementation of the agreement, the war wouldn’t have lasted so long. There had never been a similar agreement during the conflict here. Interestingly, none of those demanding accountability, on the part of the government of Sri Lanka, never bothered to push for the implementation of the unprecedented agreement, finalised by the then UNSG Kofi Atta Annan’s Special Representative, Olara Otunnu, in early May, 1998 (UN, LTTE to discuss modalities with strap line Pledge to stop using children in combat – The Island, May 11, 1998). Otunnu visited the Vanni, with the blessings of the then Foreign Minister Lakshman Kadirgamar, to discuss the arrangement with a British citizen, of Sri Lankan origin, Anton Balasingham, who was also the official Tiger Theoretician, and Thamilselvam.

At the conclusion of Otunnu’s weeklong visit, the UN mission, in Colombo, proudly declared that political advisor Balasingham, and Political Wing leader, Thamilselvam, had, on behalf of LTTE leader Velupillai Prabhakaran, assured an immediate stop to using children in combat operations.

A jubilant Otunnu declared, in Vavuniya, that the LTTE had agreed for the setting up of a mechanism to monitor commitments made to the UN (Tigers agree to end use of chidren below 18 in combat – The Island, May 9, 1998). Having succeeded Boutros Ghali as UN Chief, in 1997, Annan intervened in Sri Lanka though his predecessor did absolutely nothing to end the bloodshed in Sri Lanka. However, at the time of the disastrous Indian intervention here, Pérez de Cuéllar had been at the helm at the UN. Unfortunately, Annan failed to implement the agreement. Foreign Minister Kadirgamar quite rightly urged the LTTE to adhere to the agreement.

A skeptical Kadirgamar told the writer that it was the UN’s responsibility to ensure the implementation of the agreement. Kadirgamar asserted that it was nothing but propaganda as the LTTE couldn’t sustain its war effort without fresh cadres joining the depleted fighting formations (Transform commitments into action, Government urges LTTE – The Island, May 9, 1998). Otunnu had been the first foreign official to hold talks with the LTTE, with Sri Lanka’s blessings, since the Gandhi assassination, in May, 1991. Perhaps, the LTTE used the UN to boost its image in the wake of the US designating the group, in the previous year, as a Foreign Terrorist Organisation.

Salient points of the UN-LTTE agreement:

* The LTTE promised to immediately stop deployment of children under 18 years of age. The group also promised to end the recruitment of children, below the age of 17 years.

* The LTTE assured not to interfere with those war displaced families wanting to return to areas under government control. In addition, the LTTE promised to allow Muslims, driven out by them, in late 1990, to return to their villages. (The LTTE at gunpoint ordered the entire Muslim population to vacate the Northern Province in late Oct/Nov 1990).

* The UN also received an assurance from the LTTE that it wouldn’t interfere with the distribution of relief supplies among the war affected population, particularly those living in areas under its control.

* The LTTE pledged to adhere to the Convention of the Rights of the Child. The group promised to take measures to educate its fighting cadres, as well as other units as regards the Convention.

* The LTTE assured that it would review its military strategies as regards operations directed at civilians and other non-military targets.

The UN never acknowledged its failure to ensure the implementation of any of the commitments made by the LTTE. In fact, the LTTE continued to violate promises made to the UN until the military eradicated the conventional fighting capability of the group, in May, 2009. The LTTE lasted for 11 more years after having taken the UN for a ride. Wouldn’t it be appropriate to launch a thorough study on the conflict to ascertain the UN’s failure here?

CBK’s 1994/95 effort

The NPC used the award of Nobel Peace Prize to Navanethem Pillay to remind the world of Sri Lanka’s unfinished commitments. The NPC that had been in operation since February ’95 is aware of the escalation of fighting after the LTTE broke the ceasefire (cessation of hostilities) negotiated during Kumaratunga’s presidency. Having won the parliamentary polls, Kumaratunga held talks (Oct. 04 to April 1995) but the LTTE resumed attacks in the third week of April.

The global community didn’t come to Sri Lanka’s rescue. Multiple devastating attacks stunned the country. The LTTE sank two Shanghai ii class fast gunboats at the gunboat pier at the Navy dockyard, Trincomalee harbor, on 19 April, and brought down two Avros over Palaly air base a week later. Those who backed that peace effort simply moved away, leaving unprepared Sri Lanka to face an unprecedented new threat of heat seeking missiles. The LTTE intention was clear. It intended to cut off the Jaffna peninsula. In the absence of Sri Lanka losing the overland Main Supply Route (MSR) to the peninsula, denial of sea and air supply routes could have a devastating impact on the military deployed there.

Norway, which had been a major sponsor of the NPC, from the onset of its ‘operations’, was among the countries involved in Kumaratunga’s disastrous effort. The government and the LTTE agreed on the formation of four peace monitoring committees, headed by foreigners, following talks in Jaffna on 24 January, 1995. The ICRC arranged the meeting that led to the consensus on four committees consisting of five persons – two representatives each from the government and the LTTE and foreign heads. The ICRC politely declined to head one of the committees, while Norway (Audun Holm and Johan Gabrielson), Canada (retired Major General. C. Milner) and the Netherlands (retired Lt. Colonel Paul Henri Horsting) accepted the responsibility. When the LTTE resumed Eelam War 111, with the sinking of China-supplied fast gunboats and transport aircraft procured from the UK, foreign heads of so-called peace monitoring committees quietly left the country.

The LTTE never actually allowed the peace committees to function though their foreign heads were granted a rare opportunity to meet LTTE leader Velupillai Prabhakaran on 05 February, 1995, in Jaffna.

From the very beginning, the Kumaratunga peace bid was destined to fail. The LTTE caused obstacles. The international community tolerated. The British allowed the terrorist group’s International Secretariat to function from London, even after it assassinated former Indian Premier Rajiv Gandhi while he was campaigning in Tamil Nadu during the Indian general election of 1991.

Later, the LTTE demanded that there should be six peace monitoring committees. The government promptly agreed but failed to realise that the group was preparing to deliver a strategic blow. The LTTE maximized the opportunity to win concessions. It wanted the government to do away with restrictions on fuel, cement and iron while another major contentious issue was the troops deployed at Komar point-Pooneryn sector. Anyway, the resumption of war, in April, 1995, caught Kumaratunga’s government by surprise, after having blindly trusted the LTTE, and the so-called international community, led by the West.

But, Kumaratunga taught the LTTE an unforgettable lesson when the armed forces brought back the entire Jaffna peninsula, under government control, during operations conducted in 1995/96. In spite of a devastating attack on Elephant Pass, in 2000, after having evicted the Army from its bases south of Elephant Pass up to Kilinochchi, the LTTE could never re-capture Jaffna.

In Nov, 2008, the Jaffna-based fighting formations moved southwards of Muhamalai, two months after Pillay received the appointment as UN Human Rights chief. By then, the Task Force I (later elevated to 58 Division) had recaptured the Kandy-Jaffna A 9 road, stretch from Kilinochchi northwards to Elephant Pass ,where the Army suffered a humiliating defeat in 2000.

Under Pillay’s leadership, too, like her predecessors, the Office of Human Rights Commissioner essentially pursued an agenda hostile to Sri Lanka. It couldn’t stomach the LTTE’s impending defeat. Pillay conveniently failed to acknowledge that Sri Lanka went on the offensive after having exhausted all avenues to end the conflict through dialogue. During Pillay’s tenure as the UN Human Rights chief, the organisation pathetically failed to address accountability issues. Like her predecessors and successors, Pillay, too, never acknowledged that whichever party in power, the government couldn’t have succumbed to the LTTE’s tactics.

The UN in Colombo had been so involved with the LTTE and literally became part of its operation. The mission here refrained from alerting New York immediately of the abduction of UN workers, accused of helping Tamil civilians to enter government held area in 2007. This happened weeks after the newly raised 57 Division launched operations in March, 2007, west of Vavuniya, with the objective of taking Madhu. That division had been tasked to regain Kilinochchi. The Task Force I launched operations in Sept 2007.

The UN had ample time and opportunities to make a meaningful intervention. Instead of compelling the LTTE to give up terrorism, it mollycoddled the group. The UN never really questioned the LTTE regarding its relentless efforts to eliminate Tamil groups who previously carried weapons. Pillay pursued her predecessor Louise Arbour’s approach that allowed the LTTE to continue fighting. Western governments, civil society as well as the UN until the very end believed the LTTE could turnaround the battlefield status. It was not to be.

A brief missive sent by war time Norwegian Ambassador in Colombo, Tore Hattrem, to the then National List MP and presidential advisor Basil Rajapaksa revealed a halfhearted Norwegian bid to secure the release of civilians held by the LTTE. Pillay couldn’t have been unaware of this but she obviously turned a blind eye to the developing situation. Her March statement didn’t make any impact, by then, the government was hell-bent on destroying the LTTE, for once and for all.

The following is the text of the letter headlined Offer/proposal to the LTTE dated Feb. 16, 2009: “I refer to our telephone conversation today. The proposal to the LTTE on how to release the civilian population now trapped in the LTTE controlled area has been transmitted to the LTTE through several channels. So far there has been regrettably no response from the LTTE and it does not seem to be likely that the LTTE will agree to this in the near future.”

Norway never pushed the influential Tamil Diaspora, in Norway, to pressure the LTTE leadership to give up its meaningless resistance. Thanks to Wikileaks, the world knows the ICRC believed the Army could have finished off the LTTE much faster if it didn’t take the civilian factor into consideration on the Vanni east front.

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Midweek Review

A call for professional dignity, political responsibility, and intelligent conflict resolution

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Kavantissa

The Tusker Tragedy:

by Prof. MPS Magamage

Wildlife veterinarians in Sri Lanka work under extremely challenging conditions, often with limited facilities, inadequate emergency support systems, and no sufficient life insurance or occupational protection commensurate with the risks they face. Yet, when an unfortunate incident occurs, these professionals are expected to accept accountability, sometimes without adequate institutional support or recognition of the practical constraints under which they work.

The situation is further complicated by internal institutional inequalities and interprofessional conflicts within departments. These issues must be acknowledged and addressed if we are to build a more effective, accountable, and supportive wildlife conservation system. Political negligence and irresponsible or disrespectful statements by political leaders can further aggravate an already sensitive human–elephant conflict. This escalating tread of killing giants in Sri Lanka  is the best example for political incompetence, poor  statements and political incorrectness.

When farmers feel neglected, frustrated, and unsupported, tensions may escalate, putting both human lives and wildlife at risk. Elephants may be chased, harassed, or even shot as a consequence of these escalating tensions Accountability must be accompanied by institutional responsibility, professional respect, and adequate resources. It is neither fair nor constructive to demand accountability from frontline professionals while overlooking the systemic failures, inadequate facilities, and lack of support that constrain their work.

The death of Tusker Kawanthissa should therefore be a wake-up call for all stakeholders not an opportunity for political confrontation, public condemnation, or professional divisions. Politicians, wildlife authorities, veterinarians, farmers, conservationists, and wildlife enthusiasts must recognise that emotional reactions and accusatory statements will not resolve these complex problems.

What Sri Lanka needs now is an intelligent, evidence-based, and collaborative approach that strengthens wildlife veterinary services, improves emergency response mechanisms, provides appropriate occupational protection, supports affected farming communities, and promotes effective human–elephant conflict mitigation.

We must also encourage respectful dialogue and cooperation among professionals within and across institutions. Differences of opinion are inevitable, but they should be resolved through constructive discussion, scientific evidence, transparent investigations, and fair administrative procedures not confrontation or personal attacks.

Protecting wildlife veterinarians, safeguarding farmers, and conserving elephants are interconnected responsibilities. None should be sacrificed to political interests, institutional rivalries, or public pressure.

Let the tragedy of Kawanthissa become an opportunity to reform the system, strengthen professional unity, and develop sustainable solutions. The way forward is not confrontation, but leadership, accountability, compassion, and collective responsibility.

The writer is a Professor of Livestock Production, Veterinarian, and former Dean of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka. He previously served as Chairman of the National Livestock Development Board of Sri Lanka.

A Fulbright Scholar, Indian Science Research Fellow, Australian Endeavour Fellow, and Visiting Professor at the University of Nebraska–Lincoln, USA, he has extensive international experience in Veterinary Medicine, animal biotechnology, reproductive biology, livestock production, higher education, research, and academic leadership.

magamage@agri.sab.ac.lk/mmagamage2@gmail.com

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Midweek Review

Lessons from the collapse of Colombo’s US$ 392 mn logistics Hub

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Beyond Rhetoric:

by Sasanka Perera
(The writer is on X as @sasmester)

On October 15, 2026, the Chinese government-owned China Merchants Port Holdings submitted a regulatory filing to the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, formally implementing a mutual settlement agreement with the Sri Lanka Ports Authority and local partner, Access Engineering. With it, the process to wind down the US$ 392 million South Asia Commercial and Logistics Hub project began. The Sri Lankan media and policy circles in general reacted with predictable alarm. Much of the fallout was framed, and I believe correctly, as a matter of Sri Lanka’s persistent struggle to convert foreign direct investment approvals into operational reality.

As a country attempting to address fragile post-crisis economic recovery, the loss of this project provides a sobering reality check on commercial execution, institutional reliability, and the finite nature of investor patience. In April 2023, the proposed 530,000-cubic-meter logistics complex inside the Port of Colombo was hailed as a game-changer. It was conceived as a 50-year build-operate-transfer agreement. In this scheme, China Merchants Port Holdings held a 70% equity stake alongside 15% each for the Sri Lanka Ports Authority and Access Engineering. According to the original plans, the facility was expected to modernise bonded warehousing, free-zone processing, and cold storage, firmly cementing Colombo’s regional transshipment standing. It even secured Strategic Development Project status according to the provisions in the Strategic Development Projects Act No. 14 of 2008 (and Strategic Development Projects [Amendment] Act, No. 26 of 2025) granted by the Cabinet of Ministers with the concurrence of the Minister of Finance. In this particular case, the project also received a long-term corporate tax holiday.

Despite these concessions and clearances, three years after the initial agreement was signed, nothing concrete materialised on the ground. The joint venture remained trapped in a maze of unfulfilled conditions, unresolved land-allocations, regulatory delays, and lingering fiscal liabilities. The most serious of the latter was an unresolvable US$3.9 million Value Added Tax assessment. Confronted with mounting maintenance costs and the inability of the project to move beyond the signing phase, the partners executed an ‘amicable consultation and neutral handling’ termination, which was embedded in the agreement. Under the settlement terms, shareholders agreed to dismantle the corporate structure and recover roughly 80% of their paid-in equity. Rather than emanating from a politico-ideological problem, this was a cold, pragmatic business decision driven by risk management and fiscal prudence.

Local business reporting and opinions have debated whether the project’s demise represents a regulatory failure, an unavoidable commercial exit or a governmental failure. One side of the domestic debate emphasises institutional inertia. Critics have highlighted what appears to be inter-departmental difficulties between the Ministry of Finance, the Inland Revenue Department, and port administrators which generated paralysing ambiguity over potential future tax positions and statutory clearances. From this perspective, the venture died a ‘death by paper,’ demonstrating how Sri Lanka’s state machinery continues to sabotage its own economic recovery without even realizing it by creating unpredictable operating environments. This is nothing new and is something the present government has inherited from years of previous practice and has not been able to resolve so far.

The counterargument in the public discourse points to commercial pragmatism and shifting market timing. Proponents of this view note that holding equity in a non-operational venture indefinitely makes no financial sense when global maritime logistics costs and trade routes change rapidly and consistently. In this view, exiting with an 80% capital recovery was a routine corporate decision to mitigate against further loss. Another argument, shared by the government’s political opponents, simply claims the project signed during the Ranil Wickremesinghe presidency failed due to the present government’s incompetence.  This argument is too simplistic, even though the government has not fully worked out how to streamline these kinds of projects that might be beneficial to the country.

The more credible arguments, in the end, come to the same conclusion. That is, the project failed due to external forces. This tends to mask the state’s failure to deliver legal clarity and institutional coordination, which are essential in these situations. Winding the project down creates several immediate problems for Sri Lanka. First, in global logistics, timing and operational predictability are crucial. Terminating a US$ 392 million venture indicates to international capital that even high-profile, government-backed deals can stall indefinitely. Second, under the settlement terms, the Sri Lanka Ports Authority faces a net cash outlay of approximately US$ 17.4 million to facilitate the capital refund to its partners. These are public funds that should ideally have been directed toward capital upgrades or even public services. But now, they must instead be used to wind up a failed entity. Third, as rival transshipment hubs in the region expand their capacity, it is criminal that Sri Lanka has wasted years trying to work out a project-related future of port land while logistics infrastructure only remained on paper. This is a situation that a country keen on recovering from debt, chronic economic crises and reinventing itself from its ‘Banana Republic’ persona from the immediate past  cannot afford.

As the Sri Lanka Ports Authority prepares to re-tender the vacant 13-acre port parcel under an alternative private-investment model, policymakers must digest the hard lessons of this collapse if the government is serious about foreign direct investment. To begin with, statutory permits, land leases, and environmental clearances must be finalised before executing binding joint ventures with foreign capital. On the other hand, there must be established clarity on issues such as what percentage of profits must be reinvested or spent in Sri Lanka, how much can be taken out of the country, what percentage of personnel can come from abroad and so on. Similarly, it is necessary to eliminate all tax ambiguities before signing an agreement. In other words, free-zone incentives and tax exemptions under special investment frameworks must be legally and clearly reconciled across all government departments to prevent late-stage tax liabilities and other avoidable complications.

This includes clarity on what taxes must be paid and what will be waived off and for what period of time. These parameters must be created based on comparable practices elsewhere in the world. Finally, investors should be provided with a single, empowered facilitation body capable of clearing administrative hurdles rather than forcing investors to navigate across different bureaucratic hurdles. Sri Lanka can always learn from more successful experiments in this regard from other parts of the world. These should be in place as matters of policy and principle and not as ad hoc decisions taken from project to project.  All these are already part of the conversations in Colombo’s business circles and indicate nothing new.  These principles should also include clarity on what areas of the local economy and business infrastructure would not be open to foreign investment for strategic reasons, whether build-operate-transfer agreements should continue beyond a specific period of time, taking into consideration what would be left by the time the transfer period comes, and so on.

The cancellation announced on October 15, 2026, should serve as a wake-up call for Sri Lanka’s economic decision-makers in particular and the government in general. Attracting global capital requires far more than political rhetoric, ceremonial launch events, long-term tax holidays, and high-level diplomatic performances. It demands smooth operational execution, legal certainty, and reliable public administration. If Sri Lanka is to secure its place as a leading maritime and logistics hub and as a dependable investment destination in general, it must resolve its internal administrative bottlenecks. Until then, major investors will continue to walk away when the cost of waiting outweighs the promise of doing business. Or, they might not be attracted to Sri Lanka as an investment destination in the first place.

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