Features
Butterfly migration fading away
By Ifham Nizam
Sri Lanka has long been a land of unparalleled natural beauty, blessed with a rich biodiversity that has inspired poets, scientists, and conservationists alike.
Among its many wonders, one phenomenon stood out for its delicate charm and ecological significance: the annual butterfly migration.
For centuries, this breathtaking event marked the pilgrimage season to Sri Pada as thousands of white and yellow butterflies gracefully traversed the central highlands.
However, what was once a symbol of natural harmony has now become a fading memory.
Environmental researcher Rajika Gamage has spent years studying this migration, and his findings reveal a troubling picture. The decline of this spectacular event signals an urgent crisis—a warning about the state of Sri Lanka’s ecosystems and, ultimately, humanity’s role in their degradation.
Butterfly Migration:
An Ecological Masterpiece
The butterfly migration was more than a cultural marvel; it was a vital ecological process. From December to May, butterflies from the Pieridae family migrated between Sri Lanka’s northern and southern dry zones. While locals believed the butterflies were heading to worship at Sri Pada, science has since revealed the migration’s true purpose: a search for food, suitable host plants for larvae, and favourable environmental conditions.
Gamage describes the migration as a “bridge of life,” connecting regions and maintaining ecological balance. Butterflies are not just pretty creatures; they are keystone species, critical to the survival of ecosystems. Their migration played an essential role in pollinating plants, sustaining food webs, and ensuring biodiversity.
Role of Host Plants
A key driver of butterfly migration is the availability of host plants, which are crucial for laying eggs and nurturing larvae. Each butterfly species depends on specific host plants. For instance, butterflies in the Pieridae family rely on plants from the Capparaceae family, such as wild mustard.
“The relationship between butterflies and their host plants is symbiotic and delicate,” explains Gamage. “Without these plants, butterflies cannot reproduce, and their populations decline. The seasonal rains, often referred to locally as ‘Beli Thora Wessa,’ once supported the growth of these plants. Today, invasive species and habitat destruction have drastically reduced their availability.”
Invasion of Guinea Grass
Among the most significant threats to butterfly populations is Panicum maximum, commonly known as Guinea Grass. Initially introduced as livestock fodder, this invasive species has spread aggressively across Sri Lanka’s landscapes, outcompeting native vegetation.
“Guinea Grass is a silent killer,” warns Gamage. “It blankets vast areas, suffocating the native host plants and nectar sources that butterflies and other pollinators depend on. Its rapid spread is not just a threat to butterflies but to the entire ecosystem.”
The dominance of Guinea Grass has had a cascading effect on biodiversity. Native plants that supported not only butterflies but also other insects, birds, and small mammals, have been displaced. This disruption in the food chain threatens the survival of multiple species, highlighting the interconnectedness of ecosystems.
Cascading Effects on Ecosystems
The decline of butterfly populations is not an isolated event; it has far-reaching consequences for ecosystems. Butterflies are crucial pollinators, and their larvae are a vital food source for birds, reptiles, and other predators.
“When butterflies disappear, it’s not just about losing a species—it’s about losing the balance of the entire ecosystem,” Gamage notes. Pollination by butterflies and bees directly influences the productivity of fruit trees and crops. As pollinator populations decline, so do agricultural yields, affecting food security.
This ecological imbalance extends to soil health and water cycles, further compounding the challenges of climate change. The disappearance of butterflies is a stark reminder that even small changes in ecosystems can have significant, long-term impacts.
Cultural and Historical Significance
The butterfly migration is not just an ecological event; it is deeply rooted in Sri Lanka’s culture and traditions. For centuries, people believed the butterflies were on a sacred journey to Sri Pada. This belief reinforced a spiritual connection to nature, inspiring reverence and conservation.
However, modern society has drifted away from these values. Rapid urbanization, industrial agriculture, and deforestation have eroded the natural habitats that once supported such migrations. The cultural loss is as profound as the ecological one, severing the bond between people and nature.
Signs of a Larger Crisis
The disappearance of butterfly migrations is symptomatic of a larger environmental crisis. Sri Lanka is witnessing a decline in biodiversity, with many native species of plants and animals under threat. The unchecked spread of invasive species, deforestation, and pollution are all contributing factors.
Gamage emphasizes, “The butterfly migration is a red flag—a warning about the state of our environment. If we continue down this path, we risk triggering a cascade of ecological collapses that will affect everything, from agriculture to water resources.”
Call for Urgent Action
Addressing this crisis requires immediate and sustained action. Gamage outlines several steps that can help reverse the decline of butterfly populations and restore ecological balance:
Control Invasive Species:
Implement targeted programmes to remove Guinea Grass and other invasive plants. This will create space for native vegetation to thrive.
Restore Native Habitats:
Reintroduce native host plants and nectar sources to areas affected by invasive species. This can be achieved through community-based reforestation projects.
Raise Awareness:
Educate the public about the importance of biodiversity and the role of butterflies in ecosystems. Community involvement is key to long-term conservation.
Enforce Environmental Policies:
Strengthen laws and regulations to protect natural habitats from deforestation and development.
Promote Sustainable Practices:
Encourage sustainable agriculture and land use practices that prioritize biodiversity.

Shared Responsibility
The responsibility for protecting Sri Lanka’s natural heritage lies with everyone—governments, communities, and individuals. Gamage points out, “Take a moment to reflect on the plants your grandparents relied on. Many of these, such as Gotukola, Polpala,
and Mukunuwenna, were readily available in home gardens. Today, they are becoming scarce. This is a clear indication of how far we have strayed from living in harmony with nature.”
He adds, “The solutions are within our reach, but they require a shift in mindset. We must value nature not just for its beauty but for its role in sustaining life.”
The Butterfly Effect
The decline of butterfly migrations is a sobering reminder of the fragility of ecosystems. It underscores the need for immediate action to preserve biodiversity and restore balance to our environment.
As Gamage aptly concludes, “We are at the brink of the sixth mass extinction. The disappearance of butterflies is not just nature’s tragedy—it’s humanity’s failure. But it’s not too late. By acting now, we can ensure a future where butterflies once again grace our skies, symbolizing hope and harmony.”
The silent vanishing of Sri Lanka’s butterfly migration is more than a loss of beauty; it is a call to action. It challenges us to rethink our relationship with nature and take responsibility for its preservation. In saving the butterflies, we may yet save ourselves.
Features
New US sanctions on ICC, a fillip to worldwide political repression
US Secretary of State Marco Rubio’s warning to the International Criminal Court (ICC) was stark: ‘Either the ICC will end its threats, or we will end the ICC.’ It followed US central administration accusations that the court was unfairly targeting Americans on the basis of trumped-up war crimes charges.
However, a new plethora of sanctions has been clamped on the ICC by the US, which in turn has spurred accusations by sections of the world that the latter has unleashed an ‘assault’ on the international legal order.
What some of the sanctions would mean for the ICC was outlined by Rubio: ‘We will ban transactions with this rogue court, cutting off their resources and crippling their ability to operate against us.’
The ICC has shown consistency of purpose over the years. Despite some operational constraints it has indicted a large number of political strongmen from around the world, accused of war crimes and other governance excesses that come under its purview. Two such recent figures are: Russian President Vladimir Putin and Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu.
Rather than enjoy a mere nominal presence in the world community, the ICC has proved its effectiveness by detaining and bringing to justice scores of VIP politicians and others of their ilk who have been found guilty of human rights abuses and kindred excesses that come within the terms of reference of the ICC.
Accordingly, the international justice system would be stymied considerably as a result of the ICC being dis-empowered, particularly financially. Needless to say, potential and real perpetrators of the species of crime coming under the jurisdiction of the ICC would stand to gain most from such anarchic tendencies. That is, political repression globally would be enabled to enjoy a new lease of life.
A detailing of the types of crime coming under the purview of the ICC provides an idea of what it would cost the international community if the ICC’s operations are gravely hampered. They are mainly: genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity and the crime of aggression.
That is, the part of the world to be worst affected would be the global South, since the latter is awash with the mentioned crimes. Needless to say, a chronically-disaffected South will sooner rather than later undermine the well being of the world dangerously. The world is already being put through these paces.
At the time of writing, ‘illegal migrants’ from the South, for example, are aggravating many a Western economy’s woes, besides creating for them acute law and order issues. The fact that these migrants’ presence goes on to become a virtual test of the migrant receiving states’ ability to forge domestic social inclusion in the face of jingoistic protests by mainly white supremacist groups is evidence of the latter. As is known, the US, to take just one example, has been up against this crisis for quite a while.
Accordingly, it will be in the best interests of the West if ‘illegal’ migrant arrivals on their shores are stemmed. If the socio-political and economic problems assailing the South are effectively managed through North-South collaborative, ‘trouble-shooting’ efforts the causes leading to ‘illegal’ migration and connected issues could be resolved at source as it were. For, it is the aggravation of the South’s material questions that lays the basis for the emergence of repressive and anti-democratic regimes in the hemisphere.
Until such time that the aforementioned issues in North-South relations are visited afresh and addressed urgently, a vibrantly functioning ICC would be needed. For, the latter would prove a deterrent to Southern political and military strongmen, highly prone to power abuse and like excesses, from coming into being in the wake of the South’s chronic material woes and the wars and conflicts that result from them.
It stands to reason then that the US would be acting in its own interests by enabling the ICC to perpetuate its mandate without hindrance. For a crop of issues that impinges negatively on internal law and order would be defused.
Meanwhile, there needs to be a meeting of minds among the rest of the West to put back in place a North-South dialogue process aimed at reducing some of the economic pressures that are weighing on the South.
Since economics usually drives politics it will be in the interests of the world community to scrutinizingly re-visit North-South issues of the past and put in place economic relief packages for Southern publics that would enable them to tide over their material hardships rather than permit the latter to aggravate into social disaffection and eventually armed militancy. It is the latter juncture that paves the way for the emergence of authoritarian rulers in the South who then go on to be a blight on their publics.
Accordingly, the Southern-based global development thinking of the past that envisaged a more equitable world economic order needs to be seen as an urgent need. That is, NAM’s international development paradigms need to be resuscitated to the extent possible.
It is unlikely that rightist governments of the West, such as the current Republican administration in the US, would find these projects feasible, but democratic states of Europe, led by perhaps the UK, are likely to think otherwise. For it would not be beneficial for the democratic world to be having on their hands repressive governments in the South who would be gravitating towards the major military and economic actors of the South, such as Iran and North Korea, who tend to be in constant power struggles with the West.
However, until such time that the mentioned, pro-people initiatives are given serious thought the ICC would need to be enabled by the international community to be in place comfortably and carry on with its mandate of bringing repressive rulers to book. Besides the ICC should pave the way for the peoples of the developing world to enjoy some substantial respite from the political repression and even terror which tend to be their lot.
Meanwhile, the wars of West Asia are relentlessly aggravating the economic hardships of people everywhere, driving the point home to enlightened sections that there is no alternative to peacemaking. A challenge is to convert the US under President Trump to this line of thinking.
Features
Clear, soft and shine-free skin
This week, I give you five simple, time-tested homemade remedies that help reduce the appearance of blemishes, control excess shine and leave your skin feeling softer and smoother.
The Honey and Lemon Brightening Dab:
For stubborn blemish marks, this is a classic. Mix one teaspoon of pure bee honey with three to four drops of fresh lemon juice. Apply gently, only on the affected spots, and leave for 10 minutes before rinsing with lukewarm water. While honey soothes and softens, lemon helps to brighten naturally. Use twice a week in the evening.
Besan and Rose Water Oil-Control Pack:
An ideal remedy to combat shine, especially on the T-zone. Take two teaspoons of besan (gram flour) and mix with sufficient rose water to form a smooth paste. Add a pinch of turmeric for its antiseptic goodness. Apply evenly, keep for 15 minutes and wash off. It absorbs excess oil without over-drying, leaving a beautiful matte finish.
Aloe Vera and Cucumber Ice Soother:
Blend fresh aloe vera gel with the juice of a grated cucumber and freeze the mixture in an ice tray. Each morning, wrap one cube in a soft muslin cloth and gently rub over a cleansed face for 30 seconds. It calms, tightens pores and imparts a baby-soft smoothness.
Oatmeal and Curd Gentle Polish:
Roughness and old blemish marks need gentle exfoliation. Combine one tablespoon of finely powdered oatmeal with one tablespoon of fresh curd (yoghurt). Massage very gently, in circular motions, for one minute, leave for five minutes and rinse. It removes dead cells and unveils softer, clearer skin.
Multani Mitti and Green Tea Magic Mask:
Brew some green tea and allow it to cool completely. Mix one and a half teaspoons of Multani Mitti (Fuller’s Earth) with the tea water to make a fine paste. Apply for 10 to 12 minutes – do not let it dry and crack completely – and wash off. It draws out impurities, fades blemishes and bestows a fresh, shine-free glow.
A Gentle Reminder:
As with any natural remedy, always do a patch test on your inner arm first. For those with oily or combination skin, avoid heavy coconut oil application and harsh scrubbing, as they tend to aggravate shine and blemishes.
Features
Compete, shine and be discovered at WCOPA 2027
Dream of performing on a world stage? Well, here is your unique, golden opportunity!
The World Championships of Performing Arts (WCOPA) — the one and only official “Talent Olympics” — is the world’s premier global platform for aspiring singers, dancers, actors, models, instrumentalists, etc., to compete, shine and be discovered!
And, yes, this world stage is open to YOU, Sri Lankans living in Sri Lanka and overseas!
Held annually in glittering Las Vegas, WCOPA brings together over 70 countries, all competing for Gold, Silver and Bronze Medals, just like the traditional Olympics.
Outstanding performers vie for the coveted titles of Junior and Senior Grand Champion Performer of the World, with winners and standout participants awarded over $500,000 in scholarships, cash awards and prizes to catapult their education and careers!
Sri Lanka is already making waves! At WCOPA 2026, Natharie Wickramasinghe, representing Team Sri Lanka, made the nation proud by winning a Bronze Medal in the Ethnic/Folklore Dance category!
Recruitment for this prestigious competition is handled through a system of scouts and licensed National Directors — and this is where our very own Chris Rajendra, now based in Las Vegas, and National Director for Team Sri Lanka, comes into the scene.
If you are a singer, dancer, actor, model, instrumentalist — if you have talent burning inside you — contact Chris Rajendra today for registration and, who knows, you may find yourself in Las Vegas, and proudly draped in the Sri Lankan flag, at WCOPA 2027!
The contact address is: Chris Rajendra, wcopa.nationaldirector.sl@gmail.com
or chris.rajendra@gmail.com
Meanwhile, a star is born for 2027, in the form of Lakisha Bernard who is all set to represent Team Sri Lanka at WCOPA 2027.
Originally hailing from the sun-drenched coastal city of Colombo and now carving out her creative career in Canada, 22-year-old Lakisha is stepping into the international spotlight.
This accomplished freelance Model and Fashion Design graduate has officially been appointed as the Team Sri Lanka Promoter for Canada as she prepares to represent Team Sri Lanka at WCOPA in Las Vegas.
Lakisha brings a unique blend of high-fashion sensibility, captivating camera presence and expert garment design to the Team.
Having built her career, from local college shoots to high-glamour concepts, Lakisha’s inspiring journey embodies the true spirit of cultural bridge-building and creative resilience, bringing immense pride and recognition to Sri Lanka on the global stage.
WCOPA 2027 will be held at the legendary Westgate Hotel & Casino, Las Vegas, from 12th to 20th July – the very same iconic arena where the late, great Elvis Presley himself performed!
Your moment is now. Your stage is Las Vegas, so hurry and contact Chris Rajendra.
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