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#ArchivesMatter, and so do archivists

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By Uditha Devapriya

One of the few government officials who knows what she’s doing, Dr Nadeera Rupesinghe remains a cut above the rest figure. Deeply committed to her work, she epitomises in every way the enormity of the work required of her. History has yet to prove that she was at the right place at the right time, but I think she is. The fact of the matter is that during her tenure, the Sri Lanka National Archives, the de facto repository of archives in the country, has embarked on probably the most ambitious modernisation drive in its history. This may be one of the most ambitious such drives undertaken by any government institution, or library. And unlike in many other places, the wheels here have been set in motion.

Last Friday, June 9, the National Archives signed the Universal Declaration on Archives. The event, which played to a packed audience, was attended by ambassadors, politicians, academics, and ordinary people. It revolved around a catchy slogan – #ArchivesMatter – and ended on a sombre if hopeful note. The Universal Declaration is now more than a decade old. Adopted by the 36th Session of the General Conference of UNESCO on November 10, 2011, it has since been endorsed by many archive institutions across the world. It reflects the ideals of the International Council of Archives, which has established links with the Sri Lanka Archives. The latter, in effect, has now endorsed those ideals.

The Universal Declaration does not dwell on archives as a passive repository of information and historical knowledge. It also endorses the role that such institutions play in recording human activity and in reflecting the evolution of our society. It is very much linked to Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which talks of the right “to seek, receive, and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers.” In other words, archives institutions play an indispensable role in not just disseminating information, but also securing and democratising access to it. Linked to this is another crucial imperative: that of “establishing individual and collective memory.”

The latter theme was picked up by all three key speakers at the event. Nalaka Gunawardene, in particular, raised some rather uncomfortable questions, which I felt needed to be asked. Dwelling on the role that the Archives plays in “preserving the Memory of the Nation”, he brought up an important concern: “Whose memories are we talking about?” History, to be clear, is always written by the victors, be they European colonisers between the 16th and 20th century or majoritarian revisionists from the 20th century. Yet this does not and should not mean only their version should be recorded. In Gunawardene’s felicitous phrasing – he spoke in Sinhala, at an event which incorporated all three languages – “highly consequential” and “highly contentious” events need to be catalogued too.

The next two speakers – Tanuja Thurairajah of the University of Zurich and Nigel Nugawela of the Collective for Historical Dialogue & Memory, the latter, in my view, the only civil society organisation concerned with historical and cultural engagement in the country – picked up these themes and strands and extemporised on them. Thurairajah commented on the need to bridge different communities and worlds, and commented on how archive institutions can and indeed should perform this task. Nugawela was perhaps even blunter, contending that we cannot afford to whitewash history, that the dark underside of a society’s past also forms part of our heritage. He then regretted that our universities have not incorporated, and have not thought it fit to teach, archiving as a subject and a discipline.

Archiving, to be sure, is as much an exact science as it is an inexact art. Perhaps, in the highly polarised, compartmentalised intellectual climate Sri Lanka finds itself in today, teaching such a subject, especially as a separate discipline, may be more challenging than one might assume. Yet such a challenge needs to be taken up, urgently. It’s not that Sri Lanka lacks a culture conducive to archiving, though its tropical climate may be an issue where preserving historical documents are concerned.

And as Dr Rupesinghe herself noted not too long ago, the Sri Lanka Archives can stand with the best institutions in the world. But what is lacking is the funding and the initiative from relevant authorities. Although the Ministry in charge of the Archives is headed by Vidura Wickramanayake, someone who I strongly believe is aware of the importance of these issues, the State has yet to display proper initiative.

The State itself is in a rut. It is effectively bankrupt. Of course, to its credit, it has approved the modernisation and digitalisation of the Archives, a project which, in its first phase, will cost an estimated Rs 120 million. Yet there is so much that a government can be expected to give or sponsor, especially at a time of crushing austerity. The fundamental contradiction in the societies of the Global South, the Third World, lies between their long, rich, immensely kaleidoscopic past, which cries out to be recorded and catalogued, and their present, limited economic prospects.

A country requires a significant material surplus to fund research, and to encourage specialisation of the sort that can help it make sense of its history. While this is certainly not an excuse for neglecting the task of archiving the past, it is true that, until our economy recovers, and industry, rather than primary commodities, forms its basis, academic institutions will be forced to rely on private donors for funding.

In that regard, it would be pertinent not to lose sight of something we can all do: inculcate the archivist in us all. Although the June 9 event did not touch upon this issue, I think it is vital that we do. Hidden inside us all are archivists, waiting to leap at whatever opportunity we get to collect, to collate, to catalogue. A nation that loses this instinct, I think, will be doomed to intellectual degeneration. We are already facing a massive rut, in terms of not just our intellectual standards but also our understanding of our past.

In that regard, as I mentioned before, Nadeera Rupesinghe may well have found herself in the right place at the right time. It is debatable whether she will be encouraged or stalled in her efforts. Judging from Minister Wickramanayake’s speech, the government appears to be paying attention to what she’s doing. If so, good. But more needs to be done. Much more.

The writer is an international relations analyst, researcher, and columnist who can be reached at udakdev1@gmail.com.



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Acid test emerges for US-EU ties

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European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen

European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen addressing the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland on Tuesday put forward the EU’s viewpoint on current questions in international politics with a clarity, coherence and eloquence that was noteworthy. Essentially, she aimed to leave no one in doubt that a ‘new form of European independence’ had emerged and that European solidarity was at a peak.

These comments emerge against the backdrop of speculation in some international quarters that the Post-World War Two global political and economic order is unraveling. For example, if there was a general tacit presumption that US- Western European ties in particular were more or less rock-solid, that proposition apparently could no longer be taken for granted.

For instance, while US President Donald Trump is on record that he would bring Greenland under US administrative control even by using force against any opposition, if necessary, the EU Commission President was forthright that the EU stood for Greenland’s continued sovereignty and independence.

In fact at the time of writing, small military contingents from France, Germany, Sweden, Norway and the Netherlands are reportedly already in Greenland’s capital of Nook for what are described as limited reconnaissance operations. Such moves acquire added importance in view of a further comment by von der Leyen to the effect that the EU would be acting ‘in full solidarity with Greenland and Denmark’; the latter being the current governing entity of Greenland.

It is also of note that the EU Commission President went on to say that the ‘EU has an unwavering commitment to UK’s independence.’ The immediate backdrop to this observation was a UK decision to hand over administrative control over the strategically important Indian Ocean island of Diego Garcia to Mauritius in the face of opposition by the Trump administration. That is, European unity in the face of present controversial moves by the US with regard to Greenland and other matters of contention is an unshakable ‘given’.

It is probably the fact that some prominent EU members, who also hold membership of NATO, are firmly behind the EU in its current stand-offs with the US that is prompting the view that the Post-World War Two order is beginning to unravel. This is, however, a matter for the future. It will be in the interests of the contending quarters concerned and probably the world to ensure that the present tensions do not degenerate into an armed confrontation which would have implications for world peace.

However, it is quite some time since the Post-World War Two order began to face challenges. Observers need to take their minds back to the Balkan crisis and the subsequent US invasions of Afghanistan and Iraq in the immediate Post-Cold War years, for example, to trace the basic historic contours of how the challenges emerged. In the above developments the seeds of global ‘disorder’ were sown.

Such ‘disorder’ was further aggravated by the Russian invasion of Ukraine four years ago. Now it may seem that the world is reaping the proverbial whirlwind. It is relevant to also note that the EU Commission President was on record as pledging to extend material and financial support to Ukraine in its travails.

Currently, the international law and order situation is such that sections of the world cannot be faulted for seeing the Post World War Two international order as relentlessly unraveling, as it were. It will be in the interests of all concerned for negotiated solutions to be found to these global tangles. In fact von der Leyen has committed the EU to finding diplomatic solutions to the issues at hand, including the US-inspired tariff-related squabbles.

Given the apparent helplessness of the UN system, a pre-World War Two situation seems to be unfolding, with those states wielding the most armed might trying to mould international power relations in their favour. In the lead-up to the Second World War, the Hitlerian regime in Germany invaded unopposed one Eastern European country after another as the League of Nations stood idly by. World War Two was the result of the Allied Powers finally jerking themselves out of their complacency and taking on Germany and its allies in a full-blown world war.

However, unlike in the late thirties of the last century, the seeming number one aggressor, which is the US this time around, is not going unchallenged. The EU which has within its fold the foremost of Western democracies has done well to indicate to the US that its power games in Europe are not going unmonitored and unchecked. If the US’ designs to take control of Greenland and Denmark, for instance, are not defeated the world could very well be having on its hands, sooner rather than later, a pre-World War Two type situation.

Ironically, it is the ‘World’s Mightiest Democracy’ which is today allowing itself to be seen as the prime aggressor in the present round of global tensions. In the current confrontations, democratic opinion the world over is obliged to back the EU, since it has emerged as the principal opponent of the US, which is allowing itself to be seen as a fascist power.

Hopefully sane counsel would prevail among the chief antagonists in the present standoff growing, once again, out of uncontainable territorial ambitions. The EU is obliged to lead from the front in resolving the current crisis by diplomatic means since a region-wide armed conflict, for instance, could lead to unbearable ill-consequences for the world.

It does not follow that the UN has no role to play currently. Given the existing power realities within the UN Security Council, the UN cannot be faulted for coming to be seen as helpless in the face of the present tensions. However, it will need to continue with and build on its worldwide development activities since the global South in particular needs them very badly.

The UN needs to strive in the latter directions more than ever before since multi-billionaires are now in the seats of power in the principle state of the global North, the US. As the charity Oxfam has pointed out, such financially all-powerful persons and allied institutions are multiplying virtually incalculably. It follows from these realities that the poor of the world would suffer continuous neglect. The UN would need to redouble its efforts to help these needy sections before widespread poverty leads to hemispheric discontent.

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Features

Brighten up your skin …

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Hi! This week I’ve come up with tips to brighten up your skin.

* Turmeric and Yoghurt Face Pack:

You will need 01 teaspoon of turmeric powder and 02 tablespoons of fresh yoghurt.

Mix the turmeric and yoghurt into a smooth paste and apply evenly on clean skin. Leave it for 15–20 minutes and then rinse with lukewarm water

Benefits:

Reduces pigmentation, brightens dull skin and fights acne-causing bacteria.

* Lemon and Honey Glow Pack:

Mix 01teaspoon lemon juice and 01 tablespoon honey and apply it gently to the face. Leave for 10–15 minutes and then wash off with cool water.

Benefits:

Lightens dark spots, improves skin tone and deeply moisturises. By the way, use only 01–02 times a week and avoid sun exposure after use.

* Aloe Vera Gel Treatment:

All you need is fresh aloe vera gel which you can extract from an aloe leaf. Apply a thin layer, before bedtime, leave it overnight, and then wash face in the morning.

Benefits:

Repairs damaged skin, lightens pigmentation and adds natural glow.

* Rice Flour and Milk Scrub:

You will need 01 tablespoon rice flour and 02 tablespoons fresh milk.

Mix the rice flour and milk into a thick paste and then massage gently in circular motions. Leave for 10 minutes and then rinse with water.

Benefits:

Removes dead skin cells, improves complexion, and smoothens skin.

* Tomato Pulp Mask:

Apply the tomato pulp directly, leave for 15 minutes, and then rinse with cool water

Benefits:

Controls excess oil, reduces tan, and brightens skin naturally.

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Features

Shooting for the stars …

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That’s precisely what 25-year-old Hansana Balasuriya has in mind – shooting for the stars – when she was selected to represent Sri Lanka on the international stage at Miss Intercontinental 2025, in Sahl Hasheesh, Egypt.

The grand finale is next Thursday, 29th January, and Hansana is all geared up to make her presence felt in a big way.

Her journey is a testament to her fearless spirit and multifaceted talents … yes, her life is a whirlwind of passion, purpose, and pageantry.

Raised in a family of water babies (Director of The Deep End and Glory Swim Shop), Hansana’s love affair with swimming began in childhood and then she branched out to master the “art of 8 limbs” as a Muay Thai fighter, nailed Karate and Kickboxing (3-time black belt holder), and even threw herself into athletics (literally!), especially throwing events, and netball, as well.

A proud Bishop’s College alumna, Hansana’s leadership skills also shone bright as Senior Choir Leader.

She earned a BA (Hons) in Business Administration from Esoft Metropolitan University, and then the world became her playground.

Before long, modelling and pageantry also came into her scene.

She says she took to part-time modelling, as a hobby, and that led to pageants, grabbing 2nd Runner-up titles at Miss Nature Queen and Miss World Sri Lanka 2025.

When she’s not ruling the stage, or pool, Hansana’s belting tunes with Soul Sounds, Sri Lanka’s largest female ensemble.

What’s more, her artistry extends to drawing, and she loves hitting the open road for long drives, she says.

This water warrior is also on a mission – as Founder of Wave of Safety,

Hansana happens to be the youngest Executive Committee Member of the Sri Lanka Aquatic Sports Union (SLASU) and, as founder of Wave of Safety, she’s spreading water safety awareness and saving lives.

Today is Hansana’s ninth day in Egypt and the itinerary for today, says National Director for Sri Lanka, Brian Kerkoven, is ‘Jeep Safari and Sunset at the Desert.’

And … the all-important day at Miss Intercontinental 2025 is next Thursday, 29th January.

Well, good luck to Hansana.

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