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About our debts to India

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by K.Locana Gunaratna, PhD

There indeed are obligations that we Sri Lankans have to India. Most of us originated from India and also there clearly are cultural debts. However, this article is not about those obligations. In our recent and ongoing political and economic crisis, the Indian government has been and continues to be generous and helpful to us. These latter are obligations that we collectively have and should be acknowledged.

There was and still is a strident claim made by some ethnic-based political groups in Sri Lanka that the areas of the Northern and Eastern regions of Sri Lanka are together an integral part of a historic “Tamil Homeland”. The resulting demands include that these two regions be merged, have devolved governing powers and also have the right to maintain their own Police Force.

Our war against the brutal terror of the LTTE was a time of extreme anxiety among our people and our governments. There was a short time when troops from the Indian Army – the ‘Indian Peacekeeping Force’ (IPKF) – was deployed and militarily active in the North and East of our island. The IPKF was stationed there with intent to curb the LTTE. It is well-known that at that time, the Indian Government brought much pressure on our then President (JRJ) to take immediate steps to devolve some centralized political power to our Tamil brethren in the North and East.

Under this Indian pressure an ‘accord’ was signed between our two governments. It resulted in a hurriedly drafted 13th Amendment to our Constitution being enacted quickly in mid-1987. Thus eight Provincial Governments including a temporarily merged North and East, all with substantial devolved powers were established. The N&E merger was to be subjected to a referendum in the East to decide whether the arrangement should continue. This referendum never happened but a demerger took place based on a Supreme Court decision. Also, the Policing rights were not granted. These continue to be demands by those same ethnic groups and are still being strongly supported by the Indian government.

Northern and Eastern Regions

The spatial definition of our nine provinces was originally effected during the British colonial period for purely their administrative purposes. It never had relevance in terms of ethnic or geographic realities. It may be noted that many rivers flow across these delineated Provincial boundaries. In the current context of relatively independent Provincial Governments serious riparian conflicts can and will result. There is a carefully researched and developed study by a respected Sri Lankan Emeritus Professor where the said geographic concerns have been very successfully addressed. The delineation therein allows also for far fewer Provinces than is current and has strong support from many knowledgeable persons. Unfortunately, sound opinion has only rarely been consulted by most of our past political authorities. The time may indeed be appropriate now for such a consultation.

It has to be recognized that the entire land extent of Sri Lanka is less than that of many individual States within the federated union of India. There are thoughtful and experienced persons in this country who feel strongly that Provincial Governments with their unavoidable trappings in this small island are an unconscionable and annually recurring waste of scarce resources.

Indian Concern

It is relevant and will be useful to understand the real reasons why the Indian government has been and is still so insistent on Sri Lanka’s devolution of powers to our North and East. Many Sri Lankans are not aware that there was and still is a very strong, secessionist movement in Tamil Nadu. It has at its base the predominant view in South India, especially in Tamil Nadu, that as Dravidians they are racially and culturally quite distinct from the Northern Indo-Aryan peoples; and, that South Indian languages have different roots from those of Hindi which latter is mainly a Sanskrit derivative. Some South Indians, especially many Tamils, have strongly resisted and some even continue to resist the imposition of Hindi as the official language of India.

There was even a militant group, the ‘Tamil Nadu Liberation Army’ (TNLA) which was committed to militarily support the secession of Tamil Nadu from the federal union of India. This ‘Tamil Nationalism’ has been a permanent and ongoing feature there, gaining more ground especially since 1968 and the election victory of C.N. Annadurai and his DMK party in Tamil Nadu. All this has been and still is very seriously regarded by the central Government of India. It banned the TNLA as being a terrorist organization. There also came into existence in the late 1980s another militant group in Tamil Nadu – the TNRT. It too was banned by the Government of India.

Conclusions

The ethno-centric demands in South India have been and still are an unending reality especially in Tamil Nadu. These are of great concern to the Central Government of India. These demands have only been barely and very temporarily controlled. The realization of an independent Tamil Nadu seems clearly to be ingrained there and unlikely to end soon. Also, there clearly was strong support for the LTTE in Tamil Nadu. The LTTE was tolerated by the Indian Government for a long time. The LTTE was banned in India only after it went to the extreme extent of assassinating India’s former Prime Minister, Rajiv Gandhi.

It should also be evident by now as to why the Indian Government was and still is so concerned about the Tamil demands here in Sri Lanka. These demands, if we are not circumspect, could easily lead to a separate and independent state of ‘Eelam’ in a merged North and East of Sri Lanka to include the economically and strategically important harbor of Trincomalee. In such an event, India would have very successfully exported the serious problems in their South to Sri Lanka!

As observed at the outset of this article, we as Sri Lankans do have many collective obligations to India. The very recent and current ongoing help they are providing us must indeed be acknowledged. However, this acknowledgment should absolutely not result in any sacrifice whatsoever of our island’s spatial integrity and sovereignty. This is the prime concern upon which this article has been focused.

(The writer is a Fellow and Past President, National Academy of Sciences Sri Lanka, Past General President, Sri Lanka Association for the Advancement of Science, Fellow and Past President, Institute of Town Planners Sri Lanka and Fellow and Past President, Sri Lanka Institute of Architects.)



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Features

New US sanctions on ICC, a fillip to worldwide political repression

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The International Criminal Court in session. UN Photo/Eskinder Debebe

US Secretary of State Marco Rubio’s warning to the International Criminal Court (ICC) was stark: ‘Either the ICC will end its threats, or we will end the ICC.’ It followed US central administration accusations that the court was unfairly targeting Americans on the basis of trumped-up war crimes charges.

However, a new plethora of sanctions has been clamped on the ICC by the US, which in turn has spurred accusations by sections of the world that the latter has unleashed an ‘assault’ on the international legal order.

What some of the sanctions would mean for the ICC was outlined by Rubio: ‘We will ban transactions with this rogue court, cutting off their resources and crippling their ability to operate against us.’

The ICC has shown consistency of purpose over the years. Despite some operational constraints it has indicted a large number of political strongmen from around the world, accused of war crimes and other governance excesses that come under its purview. Two such recent figures are: Russian President Vladimir Putin and Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu.

Rather than enjoy a mere nominal presence in the world community, the ICC has proved its effectiveness by detaining and bringing to justice scores of VIP politicians and others of their ilk who have been found guilty of human rights abuses and kindred excesses that come within the terms of reference of the ICC.

Accordingly, the international justice system would be stymied considerably as a result of the ICC being dis-empowered, particularly financially. Needless to say, potential and real perpetrators of the species of crime coming under the jurisdiction of the ICC would stand to gain most from such anarchic tendencies. That is, political repression globally would be enabled to enjoy a new lease of life.

A detailing of the types of crime coming under the purview of the ICC provides an idea of what it would cost the international community if the ICC’s operations are gravely hampered. They are mainly: genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity and the crime of aggression.

That is, the part of the world to be worst affected would be the global South, since the latter is awash with the mentioned crimes. Needless to say, a chronically-disaffected South will sooner rather than later undermine the well being of the world dangerously. The world is already being put through these paces.

At the time of writing, ‘illegal migrants’ from the South, for example, are aggravating many a Western economy’s woes, besides creating for them acute law and order issues. The fact that these migrants’ presence goes on to become a virtual test of the migrant receiving states’ ability to forge domestic social inclusion in the face of jingoistic protests by mainly white supremacist groups is evidence of the latter. As is known, the US, to take just one example, has been up against this crisis for quite a while.

Accordingly, it will be in the best interests of the West if ‘illegal’ migrant arrivals on their shores are stemmed. If the socio-political and economic problems assailing the South are effectively managed through North-South collaborative, ‘trouble-shooting’ efforts the causes leading to ‘illegal’ migration and connected issues could be resolved at source as it were. For, it is the aggravation of the South’s material questions that lays the basis for the emergence of repressive and anti-democratic regimes in the hemisphere.

Until such time that the aforementioned issues in North-South relations are visited afresh and addressed urgently, a vibrantly functioning ICC would be needed. For, the latter would prove a deterrent to Southern political and military strongmen, highly prone to power abuse and like excesses, from coming into being in the wake of the South’s chronic material woes and the wars and conflicts that result from them.

It stands to reason then that the US would be acting in its own interests by enabling the ICC to perpetuate its mandate without hindrance. For a crop of issues that impinges negatively on internal law and order would be defused.

Meanwhile, there needs to be a meeting of minds among the rest of the West to put back in place a North-South dialogue process aimed at reducing some of the economic pressures that are weighing on the South.

Since economics usually drives politics it will be in the interests of the world community to scrutinizingly re-visit North-South issues of the past and put in place economic relief packages for Southern publics that would enable them to tide over their material hardships rather than permit the latter to aggravate into social disaffection and eventually armed militancy. It is the latter juncture that paves the way for the emergence of authoritarian rulers in the South who then go on to be a blight on their publics.

Accordingly, the Southern-based global development thinking of the past that envisaged a more equitable world economic order needs to be seen as an urgent need. That is, NAM’s international development paradigms need to be resuscitated to the extent possible.

It is unlikely that rightist governments of the West, such as the current Republican administration in the US, would find these projects feasible, but democratic states of Europe, led by perhaps the UK, are likely to think otherwise. For it would not be beneficial for the democratic world to be having on their hands repressive governments in the South who would be gravitating towards the major military and economic actors of the South, such as Iran and North Korea, who tend to be in constant power struggles with the West.

However, until such time that the mentioned, pro-people initiatives are given serious thought the ICC would need to be enabled by the international community to be in place comfortably and carry on with its mandate of bringing repressive rulers to book. Besides the ICC should pave the way for the peoples of the developing world to enjoy some substantial respite from the political repression and even terror which tend to be their lot.

Meanwhile, the wars of West Asia are relentlessly aggravating the economic hardships of people everywhere, driving the point home to enlightened sections that there is no alternative to peacemaking. A challenge is to convert the US under President Trump to this line of thinking.

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Clear, soft and shine-free skin

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This week, I give you five simple, time-tested homemade remedies that help reduce the appearance of blemishes, control excess shine and leave your skin feeling softer and smoother.

The Honey and Lemon Brightening Dab:

For stubborn blemish marks, this is a classic. Mix one teaspoon of pure bee honey with three to four drops of fresh lemon juice. Apply gently, only on the affected spots, and leave for 10 minutes before rinsing with lukewarm water. While honey soothes and softens, lemon helps to brighten naturally. Use twice a week in the evening.

Besan and Rose Water Oil-Control Pack:

An ideal remedy to combat shine, especially on the T-zone. Take two teaspoons of besan (gram flour) and mix with sufficient rose water to form a smooth paste. Add a pinch of turmeric for its antiseptic goodness. Apply evenly, keep for 15 minutes and wash off. It absorbs excess oil without over-drying, leaving a beautiful matte finish.

Aloe Vera and Cucumber Ice Soother:

Blend fresh aloe vera gel with the juice of a grated cucumber and freeze the mixture in an ice tray. Each morning, wrap one cube in a soft muslin cloth and gently rub over a cleansed face for 30 seconds. It calms, tightens pores and imparts a baby-soft smoothness.

Oatmeal and Curd Gentle Polish:

Roughness and old blemish marks need gentle exfoliation. Combine one tablespoon of finely powdered oatmeal with one tablespoon of fresh curd (yoghurt). Massage very gently, in circular motions, for one minute, leave for five minutes and rinse. It removes dead cells and unveils softer, clearer skin.

 Multani Mitti and Green Tea Magic Mask:

Brew some green tea and allow it to cool completely. Mix one and a half teaspoons of Multani Mitti (Fuller’s Earth) with the tea water to make a fine paste. Apply for 10 to 12 minutes – do not let it dry and crack completely – and wash off. It draws out impurities, fades blemishes and bestows a fresh, shine-free glow.

A Gentle Reminder:

As with any natural remedy, always do a patch test on your inner arm first. For those with oily or combination skin, avoid heavy coconut oil application and harsh scrubbing, as they tend to aggravate shine and blemishes.

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Compete, shine and be discovered at WCOPA 2027

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Dream of performing on a world stage? Well, here is your unique, golden opportunity!

The World Championships of Performing Arts (WCOPA) — the one and only official “Talent Olympics” — is the world’s premier global platform for aspiring singers, dancers, actors, models, instrumentalists, etc., to compete, shine and be discovered!

And, yes, this world stage is open to YOU, Sri Lankans living in Sri Lanka and overseas!

Held annually in glittering Las Vegas, WCOPA brings together over 70 countries, all competing for Gold, Silver and Bronze Medals, just like the traditional Olympics.

Lakisha Bernard: Will represent Team Sri Lanka at WCOPA 2027

Outstanding performers vie for the coveted titles of Junior and Senior Grand Champion Performer of the World, with winners and standout participants awarded over $500,000 in scholarships, cash awards and prizes to catapult their education and careers!

Sri Lanka is already making waves! At WCOPA 2026, Natharie Wickramasinghe, representing Team Sri Lanka, made the nation proud by winning a Bronze Medal in the Ethnic/Folklore Dance category!

Lakisha: Accomplished freelance Model and Fashion Design graduate

Recruitment for this prestigious competition is handled through a system of scouts and licensed National Directors — and this is where our very own Chris Rajendra, now based in Las Vegas, and National Director for Team Sri Lanka, comes into the scene.

If you are a singer, dancer, actor, model, instrumentalist — if you have talent burning inside you — contact Chris Rajendra today for registration and, who knows, you may find yourself in Las Vegas, and proudly draped in the Sri Lankan flag, at WCOPA 2027!

The contact address is: Chris Rajendra, wcopa.nationaldirector.sl@gmail.com

or chris.rajendra@gmail.com

Meanwhile, a star is born for 2027, in the form of Lakisha Bernard who is all set to represent Team Sri Lanka at WCOPA 2027.

Originally hailing from the sun-drenched coastal city of Colombo and now carving out her creative career in Canada, 22-year-old Lakisha is stepping into the international spotlight.

This accomplished freelance Model and Fashion Design graduate has officially been appointed as the Team Sri Lanka Promoter for Canada as she prepares to represent Team Sri Lanka at WCOPA in Las Vegas.

Lakisha brings a unique blend of high-fashion sensibility, captivating camera presence and expert garment design to the Team.

Having built her career, from local college shoots to high-glamour concepts, Lakisha’s inspiring journey embodies the true spirit of cultural bridge-building and creative resilience, bringing immense pride and recognition to Sri Lanka on the global stage.

WCOPA 2027 will be held at the legendary Westgate Hotel & Casino, Las Vegas, from 12th to 20th July – the very same iconic arena where the late, great Elvis Presley himself performed!

Your moment is now. Your stage is Las Vegas, so hurry and contact Chris Rajendra.

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