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Prof Malavige predicts dengue will get worse with climate change unless…

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By Rathindra Kuruwita

The impact of dengue will probably get worse due to climate change, Professor Neelika Malavige of the Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of Sri Jayewardenepura and Head of Dengue Global Programme and Scientific Affairs, Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative (DNDi) has said recently at a conference organized by DNDi in Thailand.

The conference was held in parallel to the 20th International Congress for Tropical Medicine and Malaria (ICTMM). DNDi is a non-profit drug research and development (R&D) organization that is developing new treatments for neglected diseases like dengue.

Professor Malavige said that as the world got warmer, dengue would spread to Europe and North America. She added that dengue fever had become increasingly common in recent decades worldwide with around 390 million infections occurring each year. Climate change had been identified by WHO and other national, and international health authorities as one of the primary causes of the global spread of dengue fever and other Aedes aegypti-transmitted viral infections, she said.

“The weather has an impact on vector-borne illnesses. Rainfall and ambient temperature are referred to as macro factors that influence dengue since they directly impact Aedes aegypti population density,” Prof. Malavige said.

The population density of Aedes aegypti declines when the average temperature is lower.

“The larval development time, larval and adult survival, and duration of the gonotrophic cycle of the dengue vector are directly affected by climatic factors such as ambient temperatures, rainfall, and relative humidity. Vectors are increasing due to increasing temperature. As temperature increases the mosquitoes mature faster, giving them more time to spread the disease,” she said.

On the other hand, increasing population, lifestyle changes and uncontrolled urbanization are also reasons for the rapid global spatial spread of dengue, she said.

“Risk factors like obesity, and diabetes are also increasing among the people. Those with these diseases are more likely to suffer from more serious forms of dengue.”

Doctors and medical administrators in countries with dengue were efficient in managing the disease and this explains why the mortality is lower. However, when there was an overload of cases, the system monitoring and evaluating dengue patients for severity suffers because keeping an eye on each patients becomes an impossibility, Professor Malavige said. “There is a shift in the age of those who get infected. Earlier it was a disease that children got. Now you can find patients from all age groups,” she said.

Commenting on attempts to develop a vaccine for dengue, most recently by Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Professor Malavige said that the data available looked promising. The vaccine could be soon registered in Latin America and Asia. The current data shows that it reduces hospitalization by about 80%. This is similar to the effectiveness of COVID vaccine, although long term safety data for a dengue vaccine is needed for all serotypes. However, it is unfortunate that there is not yet a designated treatment for dengue.

“Dengue is a disease of the low income countries. Infection of the developing world. Each year hundreds of millions of people are affected by dengue but there is still no treatment for it. Would we have a vaccine so fast if COVID too was a disease of the low income countries? The amount of research done on COVID for the last two years is immense. Not even 10% of the research volume has been directed for dengue. There are not enough funds for dengue research. Global North has done some research but the researchers are far away from the disease. The perspective will be different if they too had to live with dengue,” she said.

Dr. Isabela Ribeiro, Viral Diseases Cluster Director, DNDi said that countries of the Global South must cooperate with each other to find a cure for dengue. There are a number of pharmaceutical powerhouses in the Global South and they can work together to find a cure, she said.

“The World Health Organization’s (WHO) report on neglected tropical diseases, ‘A road map for neglected tropical diseases 2021–2030’ does not mention a treatment for dengue. Their focus is on vaccines and vector control,” she said.

Meanwhile, Jean-Michel Piedagnel, South-East Asia Director, DNDi said that while taking steps to prevent dengue, from vector control to using mosquito repellant was important, it should not be allowed to mask the fact that there was no treatment.

“There is no treatment because there is not enough funding. We must not forget that. Each year hundreds of millions are affected by dengue. They deserve treatment,” he said.



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‘Vision’ Programme Marks Two Years

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Marking the completion of two years of the ‘Vision’ Programme, students from Pinnawala Central College and Matale Siri Seevali College were given an opportunity on Thursday (24) to visit the Presidential Secretariat.

The ‘Vision’ Programme was launched for schoolchildren jointly by the Presidential Secretariat, the Ministry of Education and the Department of Communication of the Parliament of Sri Lanka.

Following a visit to the former Parliament building at the Presidential Secretariat, the students were also briefed on the history of Parliament.

The role of the President’s Fund and its importance to schoolchildren were explained by Senior Additional Secretary to the President Roshan Gamage.

The ‘Vision’ commemorative book, featuring the two-year journey of the ‘Vision’ Programme and its special activities, was also presented to the participating schools.

As part of the programme, valuable plants were also presented to the schools as a symbolic gesture underscoring the importance of environmental conservation.

Director General of Public Relations Dharmasiri Gamage, the Director and Assistant Director of the Tri-Services Security Coordination Unit, the principals and teaching staff of Pinnawala Central College and Matale Siri Seevali College, and students were among those present on the occasion.

President’s Media Division (PMD)

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Sajith vows to scrap 22A under future govt.

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Sajith at yesterday’s protest

Opposition and SJB Leader Sajith Premadasa yesterday vowed that an SJB government would repeal the 22nd Amendment (22A) to the Constitution.Premadasa made the pledge while addressing thousands of SJB supporters who gathered near Parliament to protest against 22A.

Addressing the rally at Polduwa Junction, Battaramulla, Premadasa said the proposed constitutional amendment would undermine democracy and judicial independence and enable the concentration of political power in the Executive.

“Even if they pass it, under an SJB government we will scrap it,” Premadasa told the gathering, claiming that 22A was aimed at paving the way for a one-party state and placing the State under the control of a single political party.

Braving the rain, Premadasa said they had gathered there peacefully and had no intention of resorting to violence.

“We have gathered here to protect democracy,” he said, challenging the government to hold Provincial Council elections if it was confident of facing the people.

Premadasa said the SJB was prepared to work with any democratic and clean political force committed to the country’s progress and public welfare, amid ongoing discussions on cooperation among Opposition parties, including the United National Party.

Premadasa also accused groups aligned with the government of attempting to discourage people from attending the protest through statements and other measures.

SJB General Secretary Ranjith Madduma Bandara said the protest had been organised against the proposed amendment, which the party had opposed on the grounds that it could pave the way for authoritarianism.

The demonstration began around 9 a.m. at Polduwa Junction and coincided with Parliament taking up the proposed 22nd Amendment for debate. Proceedings on the Bill are scheduled to continue today (25).

The Supreme Court has determined that the proposed amendment does not require approval at a referendum and could be passed with a special majority in Parliament.

Meanwhile, traffic congestion was reported on roads surrounding Parliament and Polduwa Junction following the demonstration.

Security was also tightened in and around the Parliamentary complex, with a heavy police presence observed at Polduwa Junction and near the main entrance to Parliament.

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Two retired female Navy officers remanded over disappearance of two women during war

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Two retired female Navy petty officers were ordered to be remanded until October 5 over their alleged involvement in the abduction and disappearance of two women in Trincomalee during the war.

Trincomalee Chief Magistrate M.S.M. Samsudeen yesterday ordered that the two suspects be remanded and directed that they be produced for an identification parade on October 5.

The suspects, residents of Chilaw and Haputale, were arrested after appearing before the CID in connection with another court case. They were subsequently produced before the Trincomalee Magistrate’s Court.

The court was informed that the investigation concerned the alleged abduction of Sasikumar Thenmoli and Mary Delsia, residents of Paalaiyootru, Trincomalee, on or around May 13, 2008.

The CID told court that information uncovered during its investigations indicated that the two women had allegedly been detained at an underground location known as the “Gun Site” at the Trincomalee Naval Base while the two suspects were serving in the Navy. The women were subsequently reported missing.

Further investigations into the alleged abduction and disappearance of the two women are continuing.

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