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Prof Malavige predicts dengue will get worse with climate change unless…

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By Rathindra Kuruwita

The impact of dengue will probably get worse due to climate change, Professor Neelika Malavige of the Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of Sri Jayewardenepura and Head of Dengue Global Programme and Scientific Affairs, Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative (DNDi) has said recently at a conference organized by DNDi in Thailand.

The conference was held in parallel to the 20th International Congress for Tropical Medicine and Malaria (ICTMM). DNDi is a non-profit drug research and development (R&D) organization that is developing new treatments for neglected diseases like dengue.

Professor Malavige said that as the world got warmer, dengue would spread to Europe and North America. She added that dengue fever had become increasingly common in recent decades worldwide with around 390 million infections occurring each year. Climate change had been identified by WHO and other national, and international health authorities as one of the primary causes of the global spread of dengue fever and other Aedes aegypti-transmitted viral infections, she said.

“The weather has an impact on vector-borne illnesses. Rainfall and ambient temperature are referred to as macro factors that influence dengue since they directly impact Aedes aegypti population density,” Prof. Malavige said.

The population density of Aedes aegypti declines when the average temperature is lower.

“The larval development time, larval and adult survival, and duration of the gonotrophic cycle of the dengue vector are directly affected by climatic factors such as ambient temperatures, rainfall, and relative humidity. Vectors are increasing due to increasing temperature. As temperature increases the mosquitoes mature faster, giving them more time to spread the disease,” she said.

On the other hand, increasing population, lifestyle changes and uncontrolled urbanization are also reasons for the rapid global spatial spread of dengue, she said.

“Risk factors like obesity, and diabetes are also increasing among the people. Those with these diseases are more likely to suffer from more serious forms of dengue.”

Doctors and medical administrators in countries with dengue were efficient in managing the disease and this explains why the mortality is lower. However, when there was an overload of cases, the system monitoring and evaluating dengue patients for severity suffers because keeping an eye on each patients becomes an impossibility, Professor Malavige said. “There is a shift in the age of those who get infected. Earlier it was a disease that children got. Now you can find patients from all age groups,” she said.

Commenting on attempts to develop a vaccine for dengue, most recently by Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Professor Malavige said that the data available looked promising. The vaccine could be soon registered in Latin America and Asia. The current data shows that it reduces hospitalization by about 80%. This is similar to the effectiveness of COVID vaccine, although long term safety data for a dengue vaccine is needed for all serotypes. However, it is unfortunate that there is not yet a designated treatment for dengue.

“Dengue is a disease of the low income countries. Infection of the developing world. Each year hundreds of millions of people are affected by dengue but there is still no treatment for it. Would we have a vaccine so fast if COVID too was a disease of the low income countries? The amount of research done on COVID for the last two years is immense. Not even 10% of the research volume has been directed for dengue. There are not enough funds for dengue research. Global North has done some research but the researchers are far away from the disease. The perspective will be different if they too had to live with dengue,” she said.

Dr. Isabela Ribeiro, Viral Diseases Cluster Director, DNDi said that countries of the Global South must cooperate with each other to find a cure for dengue. There are a number of pharmaceutical powerhouses in the Global South and they can work together to find a cure, she said.

“The World Health Organization’s (WHO) report on neglected tropical diseases, ‘A road map for neglected tropical diseases 2021–2030’ does not mention a treatment for dengue. Their focus is on vaccines and vector control,” she said.

Meanwhile, Jean-Michel Piedagnel, South-East Asia Director, DNDi said that while taking steps to prevent dengue, from vector control to using mosquito repellant was important, it should not be allowed to mask the fact that there was no treatment.

“There is no treatment because there is not enough funding. We must not forget that. Each year hundreds of millions are affected by dengue. They deserve treatment,” he said.



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Opposition blames govt. inaction for severity of disaster impact

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The government’s failure to act on expert warnings, including advance forecasts on Cyclone Ditwah, had led to the worsening of disaster impact, Udaya Gammanpila, leader of the Pivithuru Hela Urumaya, said at a press conference in Colombo yesterday.

Gammanpila accused the NPP government of ignoring 14 key preventive measures, despite alerts from the Meteorology Department, foreign experts, and the media.

Gammanpila said the government had failed to lower the water levels in reservoirs, dredge estuaries, and deploy the armed forces for canal maintenance. Local government bodies were reportedly sidelined, and that led to a delay in cleaning of drains. He said the government had also failed to evacuate people in a timely manner from seven districts identified by the National Building Research Organisation as landslide-prone. It had delayed declaring emergencies or curfews and the deployment of tri-forces to evacuate people in such areas.

Gammanpila said an experienced public official should have been appointed as Secretary to the President to mobilise the state machinery swiftly during the disaster. He said the government had not convened the National Disaster Council.

“These failures worsened the disaster, causing immense hardship, disruption, and loss of life and property to the people,” Gammanpila said.

The government has denied the Opposition’s claims.

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National Archives seeks freezing capacity to ward off mould from vital water-damaged documents

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The Department of National Archives Friday made an urgent appeal for freezing capacity to protect from mould vital water damaged documents, particularly irreplaceable public records of legal value saying this would be be time buying exercise before mould destroys them permanently.

Dr. Nadeera Rupesinghe, Director General of National Archives, said in the appeal that “freezing water-damaged documents stops mould growth and stabilizes materials until proper conservation treatment is possible. It buys time.

Without freezing capacity, we will lose vital records, land registries, court documents, historical records, and the evidence millions of citizens need to rebuild their lives.

“These public institutions urgently need access to freezer facilities and mobile freezers across the country. Public records as bound volumes, and bundled records have to be frozen in large quantities. We understand this is an extraordinary request during an already difficult time. We are asking you to provide space in existing freezer facilities on a temporary basis (weeks to months).”

She said if anybody able to provide such facilities without cost, in return, the National Archives can support full documentation of your contribution for CSR reporting and national recognition as a partner in preserving Sri Lanka’s evidentiary landscape.

“These are not abstract historical records. These are the records our citizens need to prove who they are, what they own, and what they are owed. What we stand to lose –

Court records and legal evidence spanning decades

Personnel files affecting pensions and benefits

Financial records required for audits and accountability

Public records essential for maintaining administrative history

Historical documents that tell our national story”

Noting that the business community has always been a partner in Sri Lanka’s development, the National Archives Department asked it to be partners in preserving the documentary foundation on which business, law, and civil society depend.

“Every land transaction, every contract, every court case relies on records. Help us save them,” Rupesinghe said.

If your organisation has freezing capacity you can make available, please immediately contact Mr Anuradha Adikaram, Senior Archivist on 077 6815551 (Available 24 hours) .

The department will coordinate connecting those who can assist with organisations that are searching for freezer facilities.

“Time is the enemy. Every hour without freezing capacity means more records lost to mould. Every day of delay means more families without proof of their homes, their citizenship, their rights. We are asking for freezers, but we are really asking you to help preserve the documentary infrastructure of our nation,” Rupesinghe said.

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Met Dept. issues fresh weather warning

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The Department of Meteorology has warned that rainfall is expected to increase across the country in the coming days as the southwest monsoon becomes more active. From Tuesday, monsoon conditions are expected to persist, with stronger winds likely.

Rainfall is predicted to intensify on Dec. 10, 11, and 12, potentially affecting the Northern, North-Central, Northwestern, Eastern, and Uva provinces, with thunderstorms and rainfall between 75 and 100 mm, Director General of Meteorology Athula Karunanayake said.

Karunanayake added that other areas, including the southeastern region, could also see rain during the day or night, as a disturbance in the Bay of Bengal may further influence the monsoon.

He cautioned that heavy rain would be accompanied by strong winds, creating rough sea conditions. Fishermen and maritime communities are urged to exercise caution and follow official advisories during this period.

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