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Private Tutoring Amidst Sri Lanka’s Economic Crisis: Issues Faced by Students

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By Usha Perera

Sri Lanka’s education sector, still reeling from the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, now faces acute challenges due to the current political and economic crises. The sudden imposition of curfews and the lack of transportation have resulted in school closures and students being deprived of structured and systematic in-school education. In Sri Lanka, closing schools for just one day causes a loss of 25 million learning hours and 1.4 million teaching hours. Alongside this, private tutoring has gained greater importance. This blog discusses the issues faced mainly by Ordinary Level (O/L) and Advanced Level (A/L) students in attending tuition classes based on an IPS study. The study findings are derived from a sample of about 340 students, and 16 teachers and tutors across Sri Lanka.

Affordability of Private Tuition Classes

The surge in the cost of living with wages failing to keep pace with inflation and loss of income generation channels have been unbearable for parents of school-going children. The IPS study found that students who belonged to family income levels below LKR 30,000 spend approximately LKR 3,000-Rs. 7,000 per month while students whose family income was above LKR 200,000 spend approximately LKR 18,000- LKR 20,000 per month on private tuition depending on the grade of the student. This scenario is illustrated in Figure 1.

Further, most O/L and A/L level students spend more than LKR 2,000 per month on data packages for both school and tuition online classes, while most students who spend more than LKR 2,000 per month are concentrated among the higher family income categories. If LKR 2,000 is spent on monthly data packages, it would approximately account for 1% of whose family income is above LKR 200,000, and more than 7% of whose family income is below LKR 30,000. All this highlights the perceived importance of private education, especially among O/L and A/L grades, and the financial burden it imposes on a family’s household income.

These affordability concerns were partly offset by the introduction of free online classes during the pandemic, which has provided considerable relief for financially vulnerable students according to students interviewed for the IPS study. Affordability concerns were further allayed by reduced class fees by some tutors. The fees reductions were made accounting for the structural changes of administrative and operating costs of an online setting applicable based on the scale and intensity of operations of tutors. Financial issues faced by the families experiencing household income losses during the pandemic were also considered in fees reduction.

Accessibility to Online Classes

Online platforms were the sole medium for conducting classes during the pandemic while it becomes an option in the current context considering the social unrest, curfews and travel constraints due to fuel shortages. However, many students faced accessibility issues in joining online classes. The issues faced were poor signal coverage, high data costs, lack of necessary devices, and affordability concerns in the context of lost household income during the pandemic. Most of the students who belonged to a family income level above LKR 200,000 used a laptop/tablet while most of the students who belonged to a family income level of below LKR 30,000 relied on a smartphone. Smartphones were found to be less user friendly for academic use. In addition to the above issues, the ongoing power outages also present impediments to online education.The accessibility issues are mainly experienced by students from families with comparatively lower income levels, and those who had to rely on a smartphone for academic purposes. This implies a close positive relationship between household income and the quality of the education received; financial strength being the primary determinant of accessibility.

Figure 1: Monthly Tuition Expenditure by Monthly Household Income
Source: Institute of PolicyStudies of Sri Lanka, 2021.

However, these accessibility issues were partly offset by the divergent opportunities experienced by students, especially in the context of online platforms. These prospects included the ability to join online classes conducted in distant locations that would otherwise have been restricted due to travel constraints and increased time available due to school closures. As a result, they increased the duration of tuition classes using the saved travel time.

Way Forward

While private tutoring became a way of bridging the gaps in the education system during the crisis, learning losses for the most vulnerable groups have further widened with accessibility and affordability issues. Since these issues were mainly observed among O/L and A/L student groups, there is a higher risk that vulnerable student groups would be highly challenged during their most decisive years leading to higher education and career development. Thus, it is necessary to address the affordability issues, focusing more on the vulnerable student groups. Financial assistance could be provided in terms of a certain number of free hours of teaching for selected financially vulnerable students and allocating a selected proportion of students to be taught at a concessionary rate.

To address the accessibility issues, recording the lessons and distributing the notes on different platforms will help to a certain extent. Providing digital equipment and networks for selected tuition centres and schools could also be considered since the lack of facilities and resources was identified as major accessibility issue for distance education. These would require collaborative efforts among the government, tutors, parents, non-government organisations and any other well-wishers.



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LankaPay Technnovation Awards to spotlight inclusive FinTech as digital payments expand across Sri Lanka

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(L-R) - Dinuka Perera – DCEO LankaPay; Channa de Silva – CEO LankaPay; Rajeeva Bandaranaike – Chairman of the Panel of Judges; Vasantha Alwis, Director – Payments and Settlements of the Central Bank of Sri Lanka; and Indrajith Boyagoda – Secretary General, Sril Lanka Bankers’ Association.

Sri Lanka’s digital payments revolution is gathering unprecedented momentum, with more than 260 government institutions now integrated into the national digital payments ecosystem, marking a decisive shift toward financial transparency, efficiency and inclusion, officials said at a press briefing held at the Hilton Colombo Residences.

The announcement coincided with the launch of the eighth edition of the LankaPay Technnovation Awards 2026 by LankaPay, Sri Lanka’s national payment network, under the theme “Inclusive FinTech,” recognising financial institutions, fintech companies and government entities that have expanded access to secure and convenient digital financial services across the country.

Chief Executive Officer of LankaPay, Channa de Silva, said the rapid expansion of digital payment adoption reflects a structural transformation in Sri Lanka’s financial architecture.

“The growth we are witnessing in digital payments is not merely technological progress—it represents a fundamental shift in how financial services are delivered and accessed. Our national payment infrastructure is enabling real-time, secure and inclusive transactions that empower individuals, businesses and government institutions,” de Silva said.

He said LankaPay’s continued investment in interoperable and accessible payment infrastructure is helping bring more citizens into the formal financial system while strengthening economic governance.

“Our objective is to ensure digital payments are accessible to all Sri Lankans, from urban centres to the most remote communities. Inclusive digital finance strengthens economic participation and supports sustainable national development,” he said.

Officials said the onboarding of 260 government institutions within a year represents a remarkable leap from just eight institutions previously connected, underscoring the State’s accelerating digital transformation agenda.

“This expansion required extensive engagement across the country. Our teams worked directly with government departments, municipal councils and regional authorities to ensure successful integration into the digital payments ecosystem,”

LankaPay officials said, noting that institutions from regions including Kurunegala, Jaffna and Trincomalee had recently been onboarded.

Authorities said the digital integration of government services improves transparency, reduces administrative inefficiencies and enhances public convenience, while enabling better financial oversight and accountability.

The LankaPay Technnovation Awards, first introduced in 2017, have become Sri Lanka’s benchmark platform recognising excellence and innovation in payment technology, honouring institutions that have demonstrated leadership in advancing digital payments and financial inclusion.

The grand awards ceremony is scheduled to be held on March 24 at the Cinnamon Life under the patronage of Nandalal Weerasinghe, Governor of the Central Bank of Sri Lanka, as Chief Guest. Eranga Weerarathne, Deputy Minister of Digital Economy, and Hans Wijayasuriya, Chief Advisor to the President on Digital Economy, will attend as Guests of Honour.

Officials said the awards recognise outstanding achievements across multiple categories, including financial inclusivity, customer convenience, digital government payments and cross-border payment enablement, reflecting the breadth of innovation taking place within Sri Lanka’s financial services sector.

By Ifham Nizam

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HNB supports Sri Lanka’s recovery with record advances growth

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HNB Group delivered strong performance in 2025, with Group Profit After Tax (PAT) reaching Rs 49.8 Bn, reflecting the continued progress. The Bank’s PAT stood at Rs 45.4 Bn, supported by robust balance sheet expansion and sustained improvements in asset quality.

Commenting on the performance, Nihal Jayawardena, Chairman of HNB PLC, stated,”The year 2025 marked a decisive shift in Sri Lanka’s economic trajectory, supported by improving macroeconomic fundamentals, renewed private sector confidence, and continued progress in national reform efforts. HNB’s strong balance sheet expansion, disciplined risk management, and sustained investment in digital and operational capabilities position the Bank to play an essential role in supporting the country’s revival”.

“While the year concluded with the severe impact of Cyclone Ditwah, the resilience demonstrated by communities and institutions underscored the importance of a banking sector that remains agile, responsive, and deeply committed to national progress. We will continue to work closely with stakeholders to mobilise capital, rebuild affected livelihoods, and strengthen long‑term economic stability.”

Despite strong credit growth, net interest margins remained under pressure amid an accommodative monetary policy stance. Net Interest Income declined marginally by 0.6% year‑on‑year, reflecting the broad reduction in market interest rates, and the recognition of a portion of overdue interest from the restructuring of Sri Lanka Sovereign Bonds (SLSBs) in December 2024, which temporarily boosted interest income in the previous year. However, the decrease in net interest income was moderated by the increase in interest income from loans and advances, supported by the expansion in the loan book, and the growth in CASA deposits.

Non-fund-based income provided a strong counterbalance, with Net Fee and Commission Income increasing by 28.9% year-on-year on the back of higher card usage and a sharp increase in digital transactions. The significant increase in the demand for trade related services on the back of the reopening of vehicle imports and improving trade activity, saw trade finance emerge as one of the key contributors to non-fund income in the current year. Furthermore, Exchange income rose to Rs 6.3 Bn during the year, reversing the loss of Rs 2.9 Bn recorded in 2024.

Prudent risk management, disciplined underwriting and focused recovery efforts supported a significant improvement in asset quality during the year. The Stage 3 portfolio recorded a net reduction alongside an impairment reversal of Rs 9.2 Bn, following the recognition of Rs 2.2 Bn in post‑model adjustments made prudently for loan exposures with potential vulnerability arising from Cyclone Ditwah.

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HNB Assurance delivers industry leading 42% revenue (GWP) growth and 28% rise in profits (PAT)

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HNB Assurance PLC reported an outstanding financial performance for the year ended 31st December 2025, delivering a 42% year-on-year growth in Life Insurance Gross Written Premium (GWP), this along with the growth rate in Renewals are the highest in the industry.

Life GWP reached Rs. 19.49 Bn compared to Rs. 13.71 Bn in 2024, reflecting strong New Business generation and Renewal Collection. Net Written Premium grew even faster at 43% to Rs. 18.44 Bn, highlighting the quality and sustainability of the Company’s topline expansion.

Commenting on the results, Chairman Stuart Chapman stated, “The year under review was marked by gradual macroeconomic stabilisation, improved investor sentiment and a more predictable policy environment. Although the economy continues to recover from prior volatility, we are beginning to see renewed financial confidence among individuals and businesses. Against this backdrop, HNB Assurance has delivered strong growth in both revenue and profits, while maintaining robust capital adequacy and prudent risk management. Our improvement in top line, profitability and balance sheet strength demonstrates the resilience of our business model and our ability to navigate changing economic conditions which are reflected in an ROE which increased to 18.5% from 16.9% a year earlier.”

Profit Before Tax increased by 28% to Rs. 3.03 Bn from Rs. 2.36 Bn in the previous year, while Profit After Tax (including Life Surplus Transfer) rose by 28% to Rs. 2.12 Bn compared to Rs. 1.66 Bn in 2024. Earnings Per Share improved by 28% to Rs. 14.15 from Rs. 11.04, reinforcing the Company’s ability to consistently translate business growth into enhanced shareholder value. In line with this strong performance, the Board of Directors has proposed a first and final dividend of Rs. 5.00 per share for 2025, representing a 28% increase over the Rs. 3.90 per share declared in the previous year.

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