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‘A coupon system that enforces quotas and rationing will not solve the balance of payments problem’

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The media has reported that the government intends to implement a system of quotas for imports and the rationing of food and fuel. This is the latest in the long list of interventions over the last two years to address the growing balance of payments problems. Similar to previous measures this too only addresses the outward manifestation of a larger problem in the economy, but not its origin. Therefore, this policy measure too will ultimately prove futile.

The government took the right step a couple of months ago when they withdrew price controls on a few selected goods in the markets. Instead of further quotas and controls, what is needed now is to withdraw from further interventions in the financial and foreign exchange markets.

Sri Lanka has imposed an ever increasing web of controls on imports since April of 2020 but the trade deficit remains stubbornly high. In the period January-October 2021 imports rose by 26.5% and the overall trade balance grew by 34% to $-6,498m. This is despite a strong performance by exports, which rose 22.1%. The issue is not with exports but with imports caused by excess demand within the economy.

The government is running an extremely loose monetary policy, artificially holding down interest rates through interventions by the Central Bank. They are also running a large fiscal deficit, financed by Central bank credit or money printing. It is these two factors that are fueling domestic demand and as a result the spiral in imports. Curing the malady requires addressing its root, any other solution will at best only provide temporary relief.

Quotas and rationing – this is what a coupon system entails are cumbersome and costly to implement. They are also prone to corruption. Rationing will inevitably create black markets as coupons obtained by those best placed to acquire them are traded.

Existing import restrictions are hurting domestic trade, exports and consumers who face rising prices as a result of the shortages. People often characterise movement towards a larger trade deficit as “worsening,” this terminology is flawed and reflects a failure to appreciate that both imports and exports are beneficial for the smooth function of an economy.

Buying goods and services more cheaply than it costs to produce them at home, the nation benefits from imports. By selling goods and services in world markets, at higher prices for them than it could earn by selling only at home it benefits from exports.

What a country can produce is determined by the available resources. This also determines the standard of living of a country. Given the limitation of a fixed set of resources, if a country attempts to produce every single item that it needs it may not be very efficient in the way it utilises scarce resources. Shutting itself off from imports restricts the available inputs to local production.

There may be some things that can be produced efficiently while there may be others that do less well. It makes sense to allow a country to produce the things that it has a relative advantage at producing, and import what it does not. Thus imports are necessary for the growth of exports.

The proposed imposition of quotas will damage the economy even further and increase the suffering of citizens. The government needs to address the fundamental problem; tighten monetary and fiscal policy, free the currency and draw up a proper recovery plan that can prevent even further deterioration.

This will undoubtedly cause a shock – but will then allow trade and economic activity to resume. The alternative however is far worse; suppressing the symptoms of the disease will also stifle economic activity resulting in a slow, certain impoverishment with no hope of growth.

Advocata is an independent policy think tank based in Colombo, Sri Lanka. We conduct research, provide commentary and hold events to promote sound policy ideas compatible with a free society in Sri Lanka. Visit advocata.org for more information.

Advocata spokespersons are available for live and pre-recorded broadcast interviews via 077 4858401

CONTACT:

Yasodhara Kariyawasam

Communication Manager, Advocata Institute

Email: yasodhara@advocata.org



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Code of Ethics for capital market influencers in the pipeline

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Tushara Jayaratne: ‘Priority for public protection

The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) of Sri Lanka is planning to introduce a Code of Ethics or a set of guidelines for the activities of capital market influencers to protect the public from ongoing scams involving the swindling money from potential investors in the share market.

“The market regulator has already identified Blue Ocean Securities Limited and Gladius South Asia as involved in such scams, which are being investigated by the relevant authorities, said Deputy Director General of the SEC Tushara Jayaratne.

The Deputy Director General also said that Gladius was using their their logo in a fraudulent manner to promote their business as well.

He said Blue Ocean has been involved in asking investors to start trading through an app named BOMate Nd. ‘Through this app, you can’t trade shares. But the money transaction goes through this app and the SEC system does not see these transactions, Jayaratne explained.

“The money is going somewhere else, Jayaratne told journalists at a media briefing yesterday held at the SEC auditorium, WTC building, Colombo.

Jayaratne said the SEC has already made complaints to both the Criminal Investigation Department (CID) of the police and the Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU) of the Central Bank.

The Deputy Director General said the second company, Gladius South Asia, has been involved in asking investors not to invest their money in the local stock market, but to do so in the markets in foreign countries.

He also said that the SEC has adopted 12 key capital market development projects to increase the number of capital market investors.

“The Introduction of a Code of Ethics and guidelines for registered investment advisers will help to develop the market in an efficient and effective way, he said.

Jayaratne, however, said that the Sri Lankan share market is not full of scams and that people can have confidence in the market.

“Our market is somewhat free and fair. From the perspective of investors, you also have a responsibility to be careful when investing in the market, he added.

By Hiran H Senewiratne

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Norway supports flood-affected communities in Sri Lanka

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Åsmund Aukrust

Norway is providing more than USD 2.4 million to assist those affected by severe flooding in Sri Lanka.

“Norway is contributing emergency assistance to people who have lost both their homes and livelihoods in Sri Lanka. A rapid response is crucial to ensure that those affected have shelter, food, healthcare and support to rebuild their communities,” said Norway’s Minister of International Development, Åsmund Aukrust.

The United Nations estimates that nearly 11 million people have been impacted by catastrophic floods and landslides across large parts of South and Southeast Asia. Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Thailand, Vietnam and Malaysia have experienced record rainfall since 17 November. In total, approximately 1,600 people have lost their lives, and 1.2 million have been forced to leave their homes. Critical infrastructure such as houses and roads has been destroyed, and health risks are increasing due to waterborne diseases and poor sanitation.

“Norway is now contributing NOK 20 million (approx. USD 2 million) to the Red Cross Movement and the UN system in Sri Lanka. These organisations have presence in the country and the capacity to respond quickly based on local needs,” Aukrust said.

Sri Lanka is among the hardest-hit countries. On 28 November, Cyclone Ditwah struck the country, bringing heavy rain and strong winds. The cyclone triggered landslides and caused the most severe floodsing in recent history. The Sri Lankan authorities have led the search and rescue operations and allocated significant resources for immediate relief. “When disasters of this magnitude occur, it is vital that the international community and countries like Norway step up and support local actors in managing the crisis,” Aukrust said.

In addition, the UN Central Emergency Response Fund (CERF) has allocated USD 4.5 million for flood response in Sri Lanka. Around one in ten dollars in the fund comes from Norway.

Norway is also assisting flood-affected communities in Sri Lanka through an immediate response mechanism in the World Food Programme (WFP). The International Labour Organization (ILO) has re-allocated around USD 100,000 in a Norway-funded job generation project, to assist flood-affected participants. Furthermore, Norway has funded a UN expert to help coordinate ongoing relief efforts in the affected areas.

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Janashakthi Finance appoints Sithambaram Sri Ganendran as CEO

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Sithambaram Sri Ganendran, Chief Executive Officer, Janashakthi Finance PLC

Janashakthi Finance PLC, formerly known as Orient Finance PLC and a subsidiary of JXG (Janashakthi Group), announces the appointment of Sithambaram Sri Ganendran as the Chief Executive Officer.

Sri Ganendran, who has held the position of Chief Operating Officer since September 2024, stepped in as Acting Chief Executive Officer during the past four months.

He brings with him almost 27 years of extensive experience in banking. Throughout his extensive career, he has held senior management roles in multiple local and international banks, where he acquired in-depth knowledge in operations, branch banking (across retail and SME sectors), operational risk, business continuity management, business integration, process reengineering, operational excellence, sales governance and credit card operations. He holds a plethora of qualifications including an MBA from American City University. He is a Fellow of the Chartered Institute of Management Accountants (CIMA) in the United Kingdom, and an Associate Member of the Chartered Institute of Securities and Investments (CISI), and a member of the Association of Professional Bankers of Sri Lanka.

Rajendra Theagarajah, Chairman of Janashakthi Finance PLC, said, “We are delighted to welcome Sithambaram Sri Ganendran to this important leadership role at a pivotal moment in our journey. His wealth of experience, proven track record, and people-focused leadership style make him well suited to strengthen and guide Janashakthi Finance, ensuring efficient continuity in all ongoing operations.”

The appointment of Sri Ganendran as Chief Executive Officer, reinforces Janashakthi Finance’s deep commitment to seamless operations and growth. It also underscores its dedication to vision of delivering trusted financial solutions, while continuously exploring opportunities for innovation and expansion to serve its customers and communities more efficiently.

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