News
Study identifies distinct frog species not belonging to generic ‘hourglass’ classification
by Ifham Nizam
A study on the abnormalities and polymorphisms of amphibians found within and outside the Horton Plains National Park has identified a distinct frog species that does not belong to its generic “hourglass frog” classification.
The study was conducted by graduate research assistant Praneeth Silva of Sri Jayewardenepura University’s Department of Zoology under the supervision of Prof. W. A. D. Mahaulpatha, senior lecturer and head, Department of Zoology.
“Our study on amphibian abnormalities and causes found that Taruga eques species is faced with bigger threats in both localities in comparison to other amphibian species”, Silva told The Sunday Island.
Within and outside regions of the Sri Lankan Plains, habitat modifications due to human activities were the main threat on Taruga eques. The study also found that natural predators were the main cause for formation of amphibian abnormalities found within the Plains.
The study revealed a novel pattern polymorphism of Taruga eques in that a variety of the species without the hourglass was identified within and outside the Plains, indicating that the common name Taruga eques cannot be broadly classified as an “hour-glass frog”. At the end of the study, new six dorsal colour variations and five dorsal pigment patterns of Taruga eques could be newly introduced to the science.
Amphibian body colouration and pigment patterns play a vital role for their survival in the environment. Polymorp-hism (happening together in the same habitat of two or more distinct species results in rarest of them getting mutated to be like the main species) has probably led Taruga eques to be seen as hourglass tree frog though in reality the situation is likely to be rather different.
Silva said that a total of 694 amphibians belonging to four families and 11 species were recorded in five lentic water bodies which were studied. Five hundred and eleven (511) individuals were examined inside the Plains and 183 outside the region. Of the 511 individuals, only 4.5 percent of the amphibians had abnormalities. Of the 183 individuals examined outside the Plains, 80.87 percent had abnormalities.
Of the 511 inspected amphibians within the Plains, 0.59 percent suffered from ectromelia and four percent had cysts. Of the 183 amphibians examined outside the Plains, 80.33 percent had cysts and 0.55 percent had femoral projections. Cysts accounted for most of the abnormalities in both environments. Most of the infections (60 percent) recorded in the amphibians inside the Plains were mild. In contrast 77.55 percent of the infections recorded in the amphibians outside the Plains were moderate.
A research associate attached to the University of Indonesia Research Centre for Climate Change Thasun Amarasinghe said that not only hourglass tree frogs but almost all amphibians in Sri Lanka are under threat.
“They are called hourglass tree frogs as they have a colour pattern like an hour glass mark on their dorsum (back). They are highland species, and are very sensitive to temperature and humidity so in addition to habitat loss and forest fragmentation, there will be a future threat to them due to climate change”, he warned.
The major conclusion of the study was the natural selection results in the ‘polymorphisms’ to face the threat of predation. Moreover, colour and pattern polymorphisms manifest due to strong selection by visually oriented predators and the polymorphisms are highly valuable for the species to ensure their survival in the environment, while helping them to avoid abnormalities.
(Pix courtesy Praneeth Silva)
News
Opposition blames govt. inaction for severity of disaster impact
The government’s failure to act on expert warnings, including advance forecasts on Cyclone Ditwah, had led to the worsening of disaster impact, Udaya Gammanpila, leader of the Pivithuru Hela Urumaya, said at a press conference in Colombo yesterday.
Gammanpila accused the NPP government of ignoring 14 key preventive measures, despite alerts from the Meteorology Department, foreign experts, and the media.
Gammanpila said the government had failed to lower the water levels in reservoirs, dredge estuaries, and deploy the armed forces for canal maintenance. Local government bodies were reportedly sidelined, and that led to a delay in cleaning of drains. He said the government had also failed to evacuate people in a timely manner from seven districts identified by the National Building Research Organisation as landslide-prone. It had delayed declaring emergencies or curfews and the deployment of tri-forces to evacuate people in such areas.
Gammanpila said an experienced public official should have been appointed as Secretary to the President to mobilise the state machinery swiftly during the disaster. He said the government had not convened the National Disaster Council.
“These failures worsened the disaster, causing immense hardship, disruption, and loss of life and property to the people,” Gammanpila said.
The government has denied the Opposition’s claims.
News
National Archives seeks freezing capacity to ward off mould from vital water-damaged documents
The Department of National Archives Friday made an urgent appeal for freezing capacity to protect from mould vital water damaged documents, particularly irreplaceable public records of legal value saying this would be be time buying exercise before mould destroys them permanently.
Dr. Nadeera Rupesinghe, Director General of National Archives, said in the appeal that “freezing water-damaged documents stops mould growth and stabilizes materials until proper conservation treatment is possible. It buys time.
Without freezing capacity, we will lose vital records, land registries, court documents, historical records, and the evidence millions of citizens need to rebuild their lives.
“These public institutions urgently need access to freezer facilities and mobile freezers across the country. Public records as bound volumes, and bundled records have to be frozen in large quantities. We understand this is an extraordinary request during an already difficult time. We are asking you to provide space in existing freezer facilities on a temporary basis (weeks to months).”
She said if anybody able to provide such facilities without cost, in return, the National Archives can support full documentation of your contribution for CSR reporting and national recognition as a partner in preserving Sri Lanka’s evidentiary landscape.
“These are not abstract historical records. These are the records our citizens need to prove who they are, what they own, and what they are owed. What we stand to lose –
Court records and legal evidence spanning decades
Personnel files affecting pensions and benefits
Financial records required for audits and accountability
Public records essential for maintaining administrative history
Historical documents that tell our national story”
Noting that the business community has always been a partner in Sri Lanka’s development, the National Archives Department asked it to be partners in preserving the documentary foundation on which business, law, and civil society depend.
“Every land transaction, every contract, every court case relies on records. Help us save them,” Rupesinghe said.
If your organisation has freezing capacity you can make available, please immediately contact Mr Anuradha Adikaram, Senior Archivist on 077 6815551 (Available 24 hours) .
The department will coordinate connecting those who can assist with organisations that are searching for freezer facilities.
“Time is the enemy. Every hour without freezing capacity means more records lost to mould. Every day of delay means more families without proof of their homes, their citizenship, their rights. We are asking for freezers, but we are really asking you to help preserve the documentary infrastructure of our nation,” Rupesinghe said.
News
Met Dept. issues fresh weather warning
The Department of Meteorology has warned that rainfall is expected to increase across the country in the coming days as the southwest monsoon becomes more active. From Tuesday, monsoon conditions are expected to persist, with stronger winds likely.
Rainfall is predicted to intensify on Dec. 10, 11, and 12, potentially affecting the Northern, North-Central, Northwestern, Eastern, and Uva provinces, with thunderstorms and rainfall between 75 and 100 mm, Director General of Meteorology Athula Karunanayake said.
Karunanayake added that other areas, including the southeastern region, could also see rain during the day or night, as a disturbance in the Bay of Bengal may further influence the monsoon.
He cautioned that heavy rain would be accompanied by strong winds, creating rough sea conditions. Fishermen and maritime communities are urged to exercise caution and follow official advisories during this period.
-
News4 days ago
Lunuwila tragedy not caused by those videoing Bell 212: SLAF
-
News3 days agoLevel III landslide early warning continue to be in force in the districts of Kandy, Kegalle, Kurunegala and Matale
-
Latest News5 days agoLevel III landslide early warnings issued to the districts of Badulla, Kandy, Kegalle, Kurunegala, Matale and Nuwara-Eliya
-
Features5 days agoDitwah: An unusual cyclone
-
Latest News6 days agoUpdated Payment Instructions for Disaster Relief Contributions
-
News1 day agoA 6th Year Accolade: The Eternal Opulence of My Fair Lady
-
Latest News6 days agoLandslide Early Warnings issued to the Districts of Badulla, Colombo, Gampaha, Kalutara, Kandy, Kegalle, Kurunegala, Matale, Moneragala, Nuwara Eliya and Ratnapura
-
News1 day agoCPC delegation meets JVP for talks on disaster response
