Features
Addressing issue of poaching in Sri Lanka’s territorial waters
by Neville Ladduwahetty
A point of view has been presented by the Pathfinder Foundation in an article titled, “Poachers take an aggressive stand: A wake-up call for action” (The Island, July 8, 2024). The reason for “action” is apparently to prevent the ‘fisheries dispute’ from being used by “political opponents” to derail the growing bilateral relations between India and Sri Lanka.
If the motive for “action” is only to prop up bilateral relations, the question that needs to be asked is this: “at what cost to Sri Lanka are these relations?” not only in terms of the economic loss and environmental degradation due to bottom trawling but also in terms of the loss of livelihood of the Sri Lankan fishing Community. Furthermore, if such costs are to be incurred by Sri Lanka, despite the much-touted India’s policy of “Neighbourhood First”, what could Sri Lanka possibly expect, other than more exploitation in one form or another, through connectivity.
PROPOSED ACTION
Discussions between the representatives of India and Sri Lanka, at various levels to resolve issues of poaching amicably, have failed thus far. The article cited above states that India has in fact “acknowledged that the number of trawlers and other mechanized fishing vessels in the Palk Bay area is far beyond the Bay’s holding capacity”. Following this acknowledgement, the Union Government and the State of Tamil Nadu, in 2017 “proposed to remove 2,000 mechanised vessels from the bay area within three years (i. e. 2020). Despite such intentions, all they could achieve to date was to refit around 60 vessels” (Ibid).
The fact that the Union Government has done nothing since then indicates that either it has no influence over the issue of poaching by Tamil Nadu, or the belief that they could overcome its negative impact by other means, such as financial aid and infrastructure to bolster connectivity of a sort to make Sri Lanka dependent on India.
The Union Government lacks influence over poaching because the DMK, which has a majority of Lok Sabha members from Tamil Nadu, supports the fishing community in that state; out of 39 seats, the DMK won 22, Congress nine and others eight at the recently concluded election.
Under the circumstances, nothing is going to be achieved by “negotiating the matter or delegating the matter to a Joint Working Group” since it will turn out to be an exercise in futility because Pathfinder has not factored in the influence of the DMK in Tamil Nadu politics. Furthermore, such an exercise would most likely result in a much-publicized undertaking, similar to the one in 2017, with no penalties for failing to fulfill its commitments.
Therefore, if Sri Lanka is to protect its resources, and the livelihood of its people, it has to engage in a frank discussion and inform India that the only option left for Sri Lanka, in the absence of effective and just intervention by the Union Government of India, is to seek the opinion of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) on the condition that both India and Sri Lanka will accept its determination. Such a determination should include compensation for the annual economic loss to Sri Lanka’s resources, for the destruction of the seabed within its Exclusive Economic Zone over the years as well as the annual livelihood losses due to sustained poaching.
DOCTRINE of UTI POSSIDETIS
According to Black’s Law Dictionary the legal Doctrine of “Uti Possidetis Juris” is defined as “the doctrine that old administrative boundaries will become international boundaries when a political subdivision achieves independence (Hensel & Allison, “A Colonial Legacy and border Stability”, p.2 quoting Garner 1999).
“The principle behind this doctrine dates to Roman times. The principle first emerged in the modern sense with decolonization of Latin America when each former Spanish colony agreed to accept territories that were “presumed to be possessed by its colonial predecessors” (Ibid). The same Doctrine was accepted by former colonies in the African continent. The International Court of Justice (ICJ) “has argued for its relevance across the world” (Ibid).
“The principle was stated most directly in the ICJ’s decision in the Frontier Dispute/Burkina Faso Republic of Mali case. The ICJ had been asked to settle the location of a disputed segment of the border between Mali and Burkina Faso, both of which had been part of French West Africa before independence. In their judgment over the merits of these frontier dispute cases the ICJ emphasized the legal principle of “uti possidetis juris”.
“The ICJ judgment in the Mali-Burkina Faso Dispute case also argued that the principle of uti possidetis should apply to any decolonization situation, regardless of the legal or political status of the entities on which side of the border”.
“The territorial boundaries which have to be respected may also derive from international frontiers which previously divided a colony of one State from the colony of another, or indeed a colonial territory from the territory of another independent State. There is no doubt that the obligation to respect pre-existing international frontiers, in the event of State succession, derives from the general rule of international law, whether or not the rule is expressed in the formula of uti possidetis” (ICJ 1986, Ibid).
CONCLUSION
The issue of poaching is intimately linked to the issue of International Maritime Border Line (IMBL). Despite the fact that the IMBL was established after protracted discussions, dating back to colonial times and embodied in Bilateral Agreements of 1974 and 1976, Tamil Nadu does not accept the agreements concluded by the Union Government. The most recent expression of this fact was made by Prime Minister Narendra Modi during the run up to the recent election.
Since the background for these agreements are based on historical narratives, there is sufficient room for the claims made on such narratives to be challenged. Therefore, it is imperative that a fresh approach be jointly pursued by India and Sri Lanka by relying on International Law for the sake of furthering bilateral relations and in keeping with India’s Policy of “Neighbourhood First”. Since the most appropriate and recognised Institution is the International Court of Justice (ICJ), the issue of establishing IMBL should be resolved by jointly seeking a determination from the ICJ. Such a determination would go a long way to resolve the issue of poaching. However, since poaching is not likely to cease overnight, the determination by the ICJ should address compensation for the losses incurred by Sri Lanka in respect of lost revenue, damage to the seabed via the practice of bottom trawling and livelihood losses incurred by the Sri Lankan fishing community over decades.
Despite the fact that the losses cited above far outweigh, what the “View Point” by the Pathfinder refers to as “generously provided” by India “to pull Sri Lanka out of the economic morass”, reflects a level of reality that is appalling because the $4 billion given was a loan to be paid back unlike the looting, death and destruction of resources that continue unabated without compensation. Sri Lanka must exercise its rights in keeping with international law, notwithstanding the disingenuous Policy of “Neighbourhood First”, which in practice means India is “First in the Neighbourhood”. Therefore, whether India participates or not, Sri Lanka should seek the opinion of the ICJ supported by the International Seabed Authority to establish the IMBL in terms of recognised International Law of “Uti Possidetis juris” and put an end to the status of Kachchativu and address the issue of compensation for violations committed against universally recognised rights of a sovereign State.
Features
Cricket and the National Interest
The appointment of former minister Eran Wickremaratne to chair the Sri Lanka Cricket Transformation Committee is significant for more than the future of cricket. It signals a possible shift in the culture of governance even as it offers Sri Lankan cricket a fighting possibility to get out of the doldrums of failure. There have been glorious patches for the national cricket team since the epochal 1996 World Cup triumph. But these patches of brightness have been few and far between and virtually non-existent over the past decade. At the centre of this disaster has been the failures of governance within Sri Lanka Cricket which are not unlike the larger failures of governance within the country itself. The appointment of a new reform oriented committee therefore carries significance beyond cricket. It reflects the wider challenge facing the country which is to restore trust in public institutions for better management.
The appointment of Eran Wickremaratne brings a professional administrator with a proven track record into the cricket arena. He has several strengths that many of his immediate predecessors lacked. Before the ascent of the present government leadership to positions of power, Eran Wickremaratne was among the handful of government ministers who did not have allegations of corruption attached to their names. His reputation for financial professionalism and integrity has remained intact over many years in public life. With him in the Cricket Transformation Committee are also respected former cricketers Kumar Sangakkara, Roshan Mahanama and Sidath Wettimuny together with professionals from legal and business backgrounds. They have been tasked with introducing structural reforms and improving transparency and accountability within cricket administration.
A second reason for this appointment to be significant is that this is possibly the first occasion on which the NPP government has reached out to someone associated with the opposition to obtain assistance in an area of national importance. The commitment to bipartisanship has been a constant demand from politically non-partisan civic groups and political analysts. They have voiced the opinion that the government needs to be more inclusive in its choice of appointments to decision making authorities. The NPP government’s practice so far has largely been to limit appointments to those within the ruling party or those considered loyalists even at the cost of proven expertise. The government’s decision in this case therefore marks a potentially important departure.
National Interest
There are areas of public life where national interest should transcend party divisions and cricket, beloved of the people, is one of them. Sri Lanka cannot afford to continue treating every institution as an arena for political competition when institutions themselves are in crisis and public confidence has become fragile. It is therefore unfortunate that when the government has moved positively in the direction of drawing on expertise from outside its own ranks there should be a negative response from sections of the opposition. This is indicative of the absence of a culture of bipartisanship even on issues that concern the national interest. The SJB, of which the newly appointed cricket committee chairman was a member objected on the grounds that politicians should not hold positions in sports administration and asked him to resign from the party. There is a need to recognise the distinction between partisan political control and the temporary use of experienced administrators to carry out reform and institutional restructuring. In other countries those in politics often join academia and civil society on a temporary basis and vice versa.
More disturbing has been the insidious campaign carried out against the new cricket committee and its chairman on the grounds of religious affiliation. This is an unacceptable denial of the reality that Sri Lanka is a plural, multi ethnic and multi religious society. The interim committee reflects this diversity to a reasonable extent. The country’s long history of ethnic conflict should have taught all political actors the dangers of mobilising communal prejudice for short term political gain. Sri Lanka paid a very heavy price for decades of mistrust and division. It would be tragic if even cricket administration became another arena for communal suspicion and hostility. The present government represents an important departure from the sectarian rhetoric that was employed by previous governments. They have repeatedly pledged to protect the equal rights of all citizens and not permit discrimination or extremism in any form.
The recent international peace march in Sri Lanka led by the Venerable Bhikkhu Thich Paññākāra from Vietnam with its message of loving kindness and mindfulness to all resonated strongly with the masses of people as seen by the crowds who thronged the roadsides to obtain blessings and show respect. This message stands in contrast to the sectarian resentment manifested by those who seek to use the cricket appointments as a weapon to attack the government at the present time. The challenges before the Sri Lanka Cricket Transformation Committee parallel the larger challenges before the government in developing the national economy and respecting ethnic and religious diversity. Plugging the leaks and restoring systems will take time and effort. It cannot be done overnight and it cannot succeed without public patience and support.
New Recognition
There is also a need for realism. The appointment of Eran Wickremaratne and the new committee does not guarantee success. Reforming deeply flawed institutions is always difficult. Besides, Sri Lanka is a small country with a relatively small population compared to many other cricket playing nations. It is also a country still recovering from the economic breakdown of 2022 which pushed the majority of people into hardship and severely weakened public institutions. The country continues to face unprecedented challenges including the damage caused by Cyclone Ditwah and the wider global economic uncertainties linked to conflict in the Middle East. Under these difficult circumstances Sri Lanka has fewer resources than many larger countries to devote to both cricket and economic development.
When resources are scarce they cannot be wasted through corruption or incompetence. Drawing upon the strengths of all those who are competent for the tasks at hand regardless of party affiliation or ethnic or religious identity is necessary if improvement is to come sooner rather than later. The burden of rebuilding the country cannot rest only on the government. The crisis facing the country is too deep for any single party or government to solve alone. National recovery requires capable individuals from across society and from different sectors such as business and civil society to work together in areas where the national interest transcends party politics. There is also a responsibility on opposition political parties to support initiatives that are politically neutral and genuinely in the national interest. Not every issue needs to become a partisan battle.
Sri Lanka cricket occupies a special place in the national consciousness. At its best it once united the country and gave Sri Lankans a sense of pride and international recognition. Restoring integrity and professionalism to cricket administration can therefore become part of the larger task of national renewal. The appointment of Eran Wickremaratne and the new committee, while it does not guarantee success, is a sign that the political leadership and people of the country may be beginning to mature in their approach to governance. In recognising the need for competence, integrity and bipartisan cooperation and extending it beyond cricket into other areas of national life, Sri Lanka may find the way towards more stable and successful governance..
by Jehan Perera
Features
From Dhaka to Sri Lanka, three wheels that drive our economies
Court vacation this year came with an unexpected lesson, not from a courtroom but from the streets of Dhaka — a city that moves, quite literally, on three wheels.
Above the traffic, a modern metro line glides past concrete pillars and crowded rooftops. It is efficient, clean and frequently cited as a symbol of progress in Bangladesh. For a visitor from Sri Lanka, it inevitably brings to mind our own abandoned light rail plans — a project debated, politicised and ultimately set aside.
But Dhaka’s real story is not in the air. It is on the ground.
Beneath the elevated tracks, the streets belong to three-wheelers. Known locally as CNGs, they cluster at junctions, line the edges of markets and pour into narrow roads that larger vehicles avoid. Even with a functioning rail system, these three-wheelers remain the city’s most dependable form of everyday transport.
Within hours of arriving, their importance becomes obvious. The train may take you across the city, but the journey does not end there. The last mile — often the most complicated part — belongs entirely to the three-wheeler. It is the vehicle that gets you home, to a meeting or simply through streets that no bus route properly serves.
There is a rhythm to using them. A destination is mentioned, a price is suggested and a brief negotiation follows. Then the ride begins, edging into traffic that feels permanently compressed. Drivers move with instinct, adjusting routes and squeezing through gaps with a confidence built over years.
It is not polished. But it works.
And that is where the comparison with Sri Lanka becomes less about what we lack and more about what we already have.
Back home, the three-wheeler has long been part of daily life — so familiar that it is often discussed only in terms of its problems. There are frequent complaints about fares, refusals or the absence of meters. More recently, the industry itself has become entangled in politics — from fuel subsidies to regulatory debates, from election-time promises to periodic crackdowns.
In that process, the conversation has shifted. The three-wheeler is often treated as a problem to be managed, rather than a service to be strengthened.
Yet, seen through the experience of Dhaka, Sri Lanka’s system begins to look far more settled — and, in many ways, ahead.
There is a growing structure in place. Meters, while not perfect, are widely recognised. Ride-hailing apps have added transparency and reduced uncertainty for passengers. There are clearer expectations on both sides — driver and commuter alike. Even small details, such as designated parking areas in parts of Colombo or the increasing standard of vehicles, point to an industry slowly moving towards professionalism.
Just as importantly, there is a human element that remains intact.
In Sri Lanka, a three-wheeler ride is rarely just a transaction. Drivers talk. They offer directions, comment on the day’s news, or share local knowledge. The ride becomes part of the social fabric, not just a means of getting from one point to another.
In Dhaka, the scale of the city leaves less room for that. The interaction is quicker, more direct, shaped by urgency. The service is essential, but it is under constant pressure.
What stands out, across both countries, is that the three-wheeler is not a temporary or outdated mode of transport. It is a necessity in dense, fast-growing Asian cities — one that fills gaps no rail or bus system can fully address.
Large infrastructure projects, like light rail, are important. They bring efficiency and long-term capacity. But they cannot replace the flexibility of a three-wheeler. They cannot reach into narrow streets, respond instantly to demand or provide that crucial last-mile connection.
That is why, even in a city that has invested heavily in modern rail, Dhaka still runs on three wheels.
For Sri Lanka, the lesson is not simply about what could have been built, but about what should be better managed and valued.
The three-wheeler industry does not need to be politicised at every turn. It needs steady regulation — clear fare systems, proper licensing, safety standards — alongside encouragement and recognition. It needs to be seen as part of the solution to urban transport, not as a side issue.
Because for thousands of drivers, it is a livelihood. And for millions of passengers, it is the most immediate and reliable form of mobility.
The tuk-tuk may not feature in grand policy speeches or infrastructure blueprints. It does not run on elevated tracks or attract international attention. But on the ground, where daily life unfolds, it continues to do what larger systems often struggle to do — show up, adapt and keep moving.
And after watching Dhaka’s streets — crowded, relentless, yet functioning — that small, three-wheeled vehicle feels less like something to argue over and more like something to get right.
(The writer is an Attorney-at-Law with over a decade of experience specialising in civil law, a former Board Member of the Office of Missing Persons and a former Legal Director of the Central Cultural Fund. He holds an LLM in International Business Law)
by Sampath Perera recently in Dhaka, Bangladesh
Features
Dubai scene … opening up
According to reports coming my way, the entertainment scene, in Dubai, is very much opening up, and buzzing again!
After a quieter few months, May is packed with entertainment and the whole scene, they say, is shifting back into full swing.
The Seven Notes band, made up of Sri Lankans, based in Dubai, are back in the spotlight, after a short hiatus, due to the ongoing Middle East problems.
On 18th April they did Legends Night at Mercure Hotel Dubai Barsha Heights; on Thursday, 9th May, they will be at the Sports Bar of the Mercure Hotel for 70s/80s Retro Night; on 6th June, they will be at Al Jadaf Dubai to provide the music for Sandun Perera live in concert … and with more dates to follow.
These events are expected to showcase the band’s evolving sound, tighter stage coordination, and stronger audience engagement.
With each performance, the band aims to refine its identity and build a loyal following within Dubai’s vibrant nightlife and event scene.

Pasindu Umayanga: The group’s new vocalist
What makes Seven Notes standout is their versatility which has made the band a dynamic and promising act.
With a growing performance calendar, new talent integration, and international ambitions, the band is definitely entering a defining phase of its journey.
Dubai’s music industry, I’m told, thrives on diversity, energy, and audience connection, with live bands playing a crucial role in elevating events—from corporate shows to private concerts. Against this backdrop, Seven Notes is positioning itself not just as another band, but as a performance-driven musical unit focused on consistency and growth.
Adding fresh momentum to the group is Pasindu Umayanga who joins Seven Notes as their new vocalist. This move signals a strategic upgrade—not just filling a role, but strengthening the band’s front-line presence.
Looking beyond local stages, Seven Notes is preparing for an international tour, to Korea, in July.

Bassist Niluk Uswaththa: Spokesperson for Seven Notes
According to bassist Niluk Uswaththa, taking a band abroad means: Your sound must hold up against unfamiliar audiences, your performance must translate beyond language, and your discipline must be at a professional level.
“If executed well, this tour could redefine Seven Notes from a local band into an emerging international act,” added Niluk.
He went on to say that Dubai is not an easy market. It’s saturated with highly experienced, multi-genre bands that can adapt instantly to any crowd.
“To stand out consistently you need to have tight rehearsal discipline, unique sound identity (not just covers), strong stage chemistry, audience retention – not just applause.”
No doubt, Seven Notes is entering a critical growth phase—new member, multiple shows, and an international tour on the horizon. The opportunity is real, but so is the pressure.
However, there is talk that Seven Notes will soon be a recognised name in the regional music scene.
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