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Understanding informal remittances during a crisis: Experience from Sri Lanka

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IPS Policy Insights

by Dr Bilesha Weeraratne, Piyumi Ranadewa and Manisha Weeraddana, January 2024

Remittances carry vast economic implications for recipient countries at both macro and micro levels. The choice to send remittances through formal channels such as banks, registered money transfer operators, and online platforms, as opposed to informal avenues like Hawala/Undiyal operators or family networks, plays a pivotal role in achieving positive outcomes for migrants, their families, and the broader society of these nations.

The recent foreign currency crisis and subsequent economic downturn in Sri Lanka, partly linked to the decrease in remittance inflows, underscore the increased importance of understanding remittance channels, especially during crises. However, gaining an understanding of the market for informal remittances is hampered by the intrinsically hidden nature of such activities, which has led towards limited data availability. By recognising these gaps in the existing literature, this study aims to bridge the knowledge deficit by delving into the realm of informal remittances, focusing on the use of informal remitting channels in Sri Lanka during an economic crisis. The study relies on qualitative data while utilising a thematic approach towards data analysis in presenting empirical evidence addressing two specific research:

1) What are the characteristics of the informal remittance channels used by Sri Lankans?

2) What are the implications of informal remittances on the economic crisis in Sri Lanka?

The study derives information from a range of sources, such as extensive desk research and qualitative data collected via 19 key Informant Interviews. The interviewees represent migration-related stakeholders (the IOM, State Ministry of Foreign Employment Promotions & Market Diversification and Sri Lanka Bureau of Foreign Employment), five remittance-related stakeholders (the Central Bank, private and public sector banks and financial institutions), three researchers, seven migrant workers ( three low skilled and four high skilled) currently working in the UAE, Japan, Malaysia, and Saudi Arabia, engaged in domestic work, technical, government or banking sector etc. Qualitative data were also collected from respondents with experience regarding outward informal remittances. The determination of the sample size was based on reaching the point of saturation, where no new information emerged in subsequent interviews. Furthermore, the sample composition was guided by employing the maximum variation sampling technique. To focus on remitting behaviours surrounding informal channels during times of crisis, data were collected between May and August 2022.

Findings

Prior to the economic crisis, formal channels effectively channelled remittances, but the widening cost disparity amid the crisis drew more workers towards informal sectors.

While using informal channels raises concerns such as potential misuse for criminal activities and economic penalties, individual risks are overrated, with a low likelihood of negative outcomes.

The regulatory framework for remittances varies across countries, reflecting local needs and conceptualisations.

Factors influencing channel choice include cost, transaction speed, and no transaction limitations, convenience, accessibility, and anonymity.

Hawala/Undiyal systems emerged as widely used informal channels, especially among low-skilled migrants. Trust and confidence in these unregulated systems minimised the perceived risks.

For irregular migrants, the added benefit of anonymity in informal channels has shown to be particularly advantageous.

During the economic downturn, trust in the regulatory framework diminished due to new policies, pushing workers towards informal channels.

Using formal channels persisted among those aware of legal requirements and with access to digital platforms.

Some high-skilled workers explored alternatives like cryptocurrencies.

Exchange rate volatility, rupee depreciation, and increased control over remittances steer migrants towards informal channels during crises.

Recommendations

As informal channels gain widespread popularity, controlling their usage becomes a considerable challenge. The study outlined the following recommendations to provide a comprehensive understanding of the intricate dynamics associated with informal remittances and contribute to effective measures for managing their impact.

Enhancing awareness:

About personal and national consequences of informal channels.

How to distinguish between formal and informal operators.

Enforcement of regulations pertaining to informal remittances.

Lowering the cost of remittances through formal channels and aligning exchange rates with market rates.

Shifting formal channels from rules-based to risk-based approaches in implementing documentary and identification requirements within KYC policies.

Tailoring incentives for formal channels to cater to the specific needs of migrant groups and ensuring that migrants are well-informed about potential benefits of formal channels.

Removing national and international barriers hindering access to formal channels.

This policy insight was prepared by IPS researchers Dr Bilesha Weeraratne (bilesha@ips.lk), Piyumi Ranadewa and Manisha Weeraddana based on findings from a study on ‘Understanding Informal  Remittances During a Crisis: Experience from  Sri Lanka’ authored by Dr Bilesha Weeraratne, Thilini Bandara & Thisuri Ekanayake under The South Asia Centre for Labour Mobility and Migrants (SALAM) project conducted by IPS. For more policy insights from IPS, visit: https://www.ips.lk/publications/policy-insights/.



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Sri Lanka Retailers’ Association unveils strategic roadmap for the future at 9th AGM

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The newly elected Office Bearers and Executive Council of the Sri Lanka Retailers’ Association for 2026–2027.

The Sri Lanka Retailers’ Association (SLRA) successfully held its 9th Annual General Meeting (AGM) on 23 June 2026 at Hilton Colombo Residencies, bringing together members of the country’s organized retail sector to review the Association’s achievements over the past year and outline its strategic priorities for the future.

The AGM formally adopted the Annual Report and Audited Accounts for the financial year 2025/26 and elected the Office Bearers and Executive Council for the year 2026–2027.

Infiyaz M. Ali, Director of Healthguard Pharmacy Ltd, was announced as President of the Sri Lanka Retailers’ Association for 2026–2027. He will be supported by Mahesh Wijewardena, Executive Director and Group Chief Executive Officer of Singer (Sri Lanka) PLC, as Senior Vice President, and Kumar De Silva, CEO of SPAR SL Private Ltd, as Vice President.

The newly appointed Executive Council comprises senior representatives from leading retail organizations across Sri Lanka, reflecting the Association’s continued commitment to representing the diverse interests of the retail sector.

Addressing the gathering, President Infiyaz M. Ali emphasized the importance of collaboration, innovation, and industry advocacy in driving the next phase of growth for Sri Lanka’s retail sector.

“Retail continues to be one of the most dynamic sectors of the Sri Lankan economy. As consumer expectations evolve and technology reshapes the industry, the role of SLRA is to create opportunities for knowledge sharing, collaboration, and collective action. We remain committed to supporting our members and contributing to the sustainable growth of the retail ecosystem,” he stated.

The AGM was honoured by the presence of Wasantha Samarasinghe, Minister of Trade, Commerce, Food Security and Cooperative Development, who attended as Chief Guest. In his address, the Minister highlighted the importance of the retail sector as a key contributor to economic development, employment generation, and consumer welfare, while emphasizing the need for stronger public-private collaboration to strengthen the industry’s competitiveness.

Members also had the opportunity to gain insights from the Guest Speaker, Chayu Damsinghe, Head of Macroeconomic Advisory at Frontier Research, who shared perspectives on Sri Lanka’s economic outlook, emerging business trends, and the opportunities and challenges facing the private sector in the years ahead.

A key highlight of the evening was the presentation on the upcoming Sri Lanka Retail Forum 2026, SLRA’s flagship industry event, which will be held under the theme “Retail Without Boundaries – Building the Next Growth Engine.” The forum is expected to bring together more than 500 industry leaders, retailers, entrepreneurs, policymakers, technology providers, and investors to discuss the trends shaping the future of retail.

The Association reaffirmed its commitment to supporting retailers through industry advocacy, professional development initiatives, policy engagement, and knowledge-sharing platforms that foster innovation and business growth.

Since its establishment in 2015, SLRA has played a pivotal role in bringing together retailers from diverse sectors including FMCG, fashion, healthcare, consumer electronics, and digital commerce, creating a unified voice for the industry.

With a renewed leadership team and an ambitious programme of activities planned for the year ahead, SLRA looks forward to working closely with its members and stakeholders to strengthen Sri Lanka’s retail sector and contribute to the country’s economic development.

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Month-end profit-takings drive stock trading; indices up

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CSE trading was yesterday driven by month- end profit-takings, market analysts said.Amid those developments both indices moved upwards. The All Share Price Index went up by 2.77 points, while the S and P SL20 rose by 10.91 points.

Turnover stood at Rs 1.91 billion with two crossings. Those crossings were; ACL Cables 2.1 million shares crossed to the tune of 209 million; its shares traded at Rs 100 and Hayleys 100,000 shares crossed for Rs 24.1 million; its shares traded at Rs 240.

In the retail market companies that mainly contributed to the turnover were: Hayleys Rs 141 million (587,000 shares traded), Lanka Realty Rs 105 million (1.8 million shares traded), CIC (Non Voting) Rs 81 million (3.1 million shares traded), HNB Finance Rs 79 million (8.3 million shares traded), Dialog Axiata Rs 56.7 million (1.2 million shares traded), Colombo Dockyard Rs 48.6 million (371,000 shares traded) and Singer SriLanka Rs 46.6 million (586,000 shares crossed).

During the day 63.9 million share volumes changed hands in 18300 transactions.

It is said that manufacturing sector counters, especially Hayleys, performed well while construction related companies, especially ACL Cables, also performed well. Banking sector counters, especially HNB, were also notable on the floor.

Meanwhile, Lee Hedges concluded negotiations with Amana Bank to sell and transfer its land and premises in Kollupitiya for a total consideration of Rs 2.7 billion, with the transaction completed on June 25, 2026.

Lee Hedges shares were trading up 2.52 percent, at Rs.325.75, while Amana Bank was up 1.13 percent at Rs.26.80.

Yesterday the rupee was quoted at Rs 336.90/337.00 to the US dollar in the spot market, from Rs 337.25/35 the previous day, while bond yields were quoted slightly higher, dealers said.

The telegraphic transfer rate for Sri Lanka’s rupee against the US dollar was 332.3416 buying, 342.0372 selling; the euro was 376.2315 selling, 389.9580 buying; and the pound was 436.5994 buying, 451.8110 selling.

By Hiran H Senewiratne

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MullenLowe’s Praveena Perera becomes first Sri Lankan woman named to Campaign APAC’s 40 Under 40

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Praveena Perera

Honoured among Asia-Pacific’s most influential emerging professionals

Praveena Perera, Associate Vice President and Client Services Director at MullenLowe Group Sri Lanka, has become the first Sri Lankan woman to be named to Campaign Asia-Pacific’s 40 Under 40 list, a recognition that celebrates the region’s most influential emerging leaders across marketing, media, technology, and communications.

Now in its 14th year, Campaign Asia-Pacific’s 40 Under 40 recognises outstanding professionals across the region whose achievements and leadership potential are shaping the future of the industry. Praveena earned her place on the 2026 list following a comprehensive assessment by senior industry leaders and Campaign Asia-Pacific’s editorial team.

Commenting on the recognition, Praveena Perera said, “This is a deeply meaningful milestone in a journey that has been shaped by continuous learning, hard work, and the support of many people along the way. I am grateful to MullenLowe Sri Lanka, my colleagues, mentors, and family for their belief in me. Recognition such as this is never an individual achievement, and I hope it encourages more women in Sri Lanka to pursue leadership opportunities and realise their potential.”

Praveena currently leads the Unilever portfolio at MullenLowe Sri Lanka, overseeing 27 brands across four categories. Her leadership has played a pivotal role in driving business growth, strengthening client partnerships, and delivering award-winning work. These efforts contributed to MullenLowe Sri Lanka being named Creative Agency of the Year at the Campaign Agency of the Year Awards 2025, while also securing Agency of the Year and Marketer of the Year honours alongside Unilever Sri Lanka at the Effie Awards Sri Lanka 2025.

As one of the youngest Associate Vice Presidents at MullenLowe Sri Lanka and among the first women to serve on its Operating Committee, Praveena has built a reputation for leadership that extends beyond business performance. Her growing list of achievements includes being recognised among the Top 50 Professional and Career Women Global Awards in 2023, reflecting a career marked by consistent excellence, while her commitment to mentoring future talent continues to contribute to greater female representation within the industry.

Thayalan Bartlett, Executive Chairman of MullenLowe Group Sri Lanka, said, “Praveena’s recognition is thoroughly deserved. She has consistently demonstrated exceptional leadership, commercial acumen, and resilience while navigating some of the most demanding circumstances our industry has faced. Her ability to balance performance, people development, and long-term thinking has distinguished her as one of the most promising leaders of her generation.”

Campaign Asia-Pacific’s 2026 cohort comprises 40 professionals representing 14 markets across the region, selected for their contributions to business growth, innovation, leadership, and industry advancement. Praveena’s inclusion marks an important milestone for Sri Lanka’s communications industry and reflects the growing impact of Sri Lankan talent on the regional stage.

MullenLowe Group Sri Lanka (MLG) is Sri Lanka’s largest integrated brand communications company with nine independent strategic business verticals spanning Mainstream, Digital, Activations, MarTech, Media and Public Relations. MLG’s Sri Lanka office consists of 111 staff, serves 43 of the nation’s top corporates, manages 111 brands across 33 categories, including 80% of the top 10 and 50% of the top 20 most advertised categories in the country, making it a company with prolific cross-category knowledge. Ranked among the world’s top 100 most effective agencies and APAC’s top 20, MLG is Sri Lanka’s reigning Effie Agency of the Year, Campaign Asia’s Creative Agency of the Year for South Asia, and a consistent local and regional awards leader for over a decade. It operates as a full member affiliate of MullenLowe Group Worldwide, which was recently acquired by Omnicom. As the world’s largest marketing services group, Omnicom combines unmatched global knowledge and experience with local insight to deliver end-to-end brand solutions.

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