By Rathindra Kuruwita

Sri Lankans have been facing a series of traumatic events since 2019, and they have had a serious impact on their mental health, Dr. Kanthi Hettigoda, chartered clinical psychologist and senior lecturer, Department of Psychology, at the University of Peradeniya, says.

Asked whether the economic crisis can trigger trauma in individuals, Dr. Hettigoda said that it could occur, depending on their personality as well as the extent of the impact.

“Trauma can occur if someone experiences unexpected and significant changes. These changes can be those that affect them materially, or thinking patterns.  Due to the economic crisis, a large number of people do not know what to expect next, and they might feel that the future will only be bad. Then they might experience trauma. There are people who have lost jobs, gone bankrupt, etc., due to the current crisis,” she said.

Dr. Hettigoda said that prior to the economic crisis, which began in 2022, Sri Lankans have been experiencing a series of economic and social crises. These events started from the Easter Sunday attacks, she said.

“Then we faced COVID, and now an economic crisis. So, a number of quite shocking events have accumulated. Easter Sunday attacks was definitely a trauma for all, COVID, too, can be traumatic, depending on the experiences someone faced, and the current socio-economic crisis have led to many negative emotions and outcomes,” she said.

Dr. Hettigoda opined that based on her practice and what she had observed at University, as an academic, most people were facing adjustment issues. There is a lot of anger, frustration, and disgust among Sri Lankans, in general. Unfortunately, given that Sri Lankans do not receive any education on mental health, a lot of people don’t know that they are showing symptoms of mental health issues, she said.

“Most don’t know what’s happening inside them. So, when they do not understand what’s going on, they fight within themselves and they fight with those who are closest to them. As a University academic, I see young people who are frustrated, and sometimes these frustrations are taken out on people around them and sometimes there is maladaptive behaviour”, she observed.

Meanwhile, Rushma Mohammed-Fronczak, clinical psychologist and ACE Certified Personal Trainer, who practises in Kandy, said that in the past year a lot of people had sought help for trauma, adjustment-related stresses, etc.

“There is severe anxiety about the future and this is the culmination of a series of events, over four years. Sri Lankans have a lot of problems, this is nothing new. Over the years, or even decades, they had developed coping mechanisms that helped them achieve mental wellbeing. What happened during COVID was that people were not able to engage in activities that helped them keep their wellbeing, things that helped you stay de-stressed. Couples discovered traumatic things about each other given that they were to spend the entire day with each other,” she said.

These led to many social issues, including an increase in domestic abuse during COVID. Mohammed-Fronczak said the economic crisis had occurred at a time when people started believing that things would get better following COVID-related restrictions.

“That hope got snatched away for a large part of the population. That brings in anxiety and hypervigilance. Crisis had the ripple effect of the crisis,” she said.

Dr. Hettigoda said given that once a person approaches a qualified mental health professional, identifying what’s wrong with a person is not difficult. However, most people do not seek health, mostly due to the lack of mental health literacy among Sri Lankans.

The Sri Lankan government, and other stakeholders ,in the mental health promotion sector, need to provide a good psychological education. Even University students, or executive level officers, are not aware of common issues, like the symptoms of depression, she said.

Mohammed-Fronczak added that even those who have a rudimentary understanding of mental health issues, resort to looking up symptoms on the internet, where there is much inaccurate information. Sri Lankans need to be taught mental health literacy as there can be many typical, as well as atypical manifestations of mental health issues.

“Individuals themselves can be their smoke alarms. Everyone is an expert on themselves, and mental health professionals are only a guide, mirror or a safety net for some time. You are the expert of your own life, everyone has a version of what’s a good quality of life. It can be getting six hours of sleep, being able to enjoy the food, having time to spend with family and friends. These things help you keep grounded.  You can use this baseline and notice changes,” she said.

A major problem in Sri Lanka is that there is a lack of research and a lack of qualified mental health professionals. Moreover, there is no link between researchers and professionals to share findings or discuss developments, Mohammed-Fronczak said.

“In other countries, researchers know what each other is doing. Here, we have a good set of people; they might be doing research in their own pockets. I wouldn’t know them, and they wouldn’t know what I am doing. We need a hub of information,” she said.