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Amphibians going extinct in SL at a record pace

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by Ifham Nizam

Sri Lanka holds the record for nearly 14 per cent of the amphibian extinctions in the world. In other words, of the 130 amphibian extinctions known to have occurred across the globe, 18 extinctions (14 per cent) have occurred in Sri Lanka, says Dr. Anslem de Silva, widely regarded as the father of Herpetology in the country. Speaking to The Sunday Island, the authors of a news book on amphibians, said that this is one of the highest number of amphibian extinctions known from a single country. Some consider this unusual extinction rate to be largely the result of the loss of nearly 70 per cent of the island’s forest cover. Dr. Anslem de Silva, Co-Chairman, Amphibian Specialist Group, International Union for the Conservation of Nature/Species Survival Commission (IUCN/SSC), together with two academics, Dr. Kanishka Ukuwela, Senior Lecture at Rajarata University, Mihintale who is also associated with IUCN/SSC and Dr. Dillan Chaturanga, Lecture at Ruhuna University, Matara had authored this most comprehensive book on amphibians running to nearly 250 pages released last week. The prevalent levels of application of agrochemicals up to few months back, especially in rice fields, and vegetable and tea plantations, have increased over the past three decades. Similarly, the release of untreated industrial wastewater to natural water bodies has intensified. As a consequence, many streams and canals have become highly polluted, they say. The use of pesticides directly decreases the insect population, an important source of food for amphibians. Furthermore, these pollutants can easily make the water in paddy fields and the insects on which the amphibians feed toxic or increase the nitrogen content of the water. The highly permeable skins of amphibians would certainly cause them to be directly affected by these, they add. Amphibian mortality due to road traffic is a widespread problem globally that has been known to be responsible for population reductions and even local extinction in certaininstances. In Sri Lanka, amphibian mortalities due to road traffic are highly prevalent on roads that serve paddy fields, wetlands and forests. Further, they are especially intensified on rainy days when amphibian activity is high, the book explains. Recent studies indicate that amphibian road kills are exacerbated in certain national parks in the country due to increased visitation. According to recent estimates, several thousand amphibians are killed annually due to road traffic.

Professor W. A. Priyanka, PhD (USA), Professor in Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya says the need for a guide to the amphibian fauna of Sri Lanka is obvious, given the currently critical conditions endangering them. Amphibians are an attractive group of animals whose diversity has always sparked interest among the scientific community, creating a vast body of unanswered questions.However, the identification of amphibians has been a challenge due to the lack of a complete and informative guide. The comprehensive pictorial guide provided by the new book should thus be of great benefit to a better understanding of the unique and intriguing nature of these fascinating living beings.The authors have done an outstanding job in compiling this book. An introduction to the guide briefly describes the history, current status, threats and conservation information, along with interesting folklore associated with amphibians. With the clear and informative images, distribution maps and updated status of each species, this guide can easily be comprehended by experts and beginners in the field alike.”I firmly believe that this book will be very useful to undergraduate and postgraduate students in the fields of zoology, biology and environmental science, as well as researchers, wildlife managers and visitors,” Professor Priyanka added.The authors said that like their previous guide to the reptiles of Sri Lanka, A Naturalist’s Guide to the Reptiles of Sri Lanka (de Silva & Ukuwela, 2017, 2020), this book is intended for both naturalists and visitors to Sri Lanka, providing an introduction to the amphibians found here. It features all the extant species of amphibian in this country with colour photographs and quick and easy tips for identification. At the time of writing, 120 species have been recorded within the country and ongoing taxonomic work is certain to add more to this impressive list in the next few years.This guide provides a general introduction to the amphibians of Sri Lanka, a profile of the physiographic, climatic, and vegetation features of the island, key characteristics that can be used in the identification of amphibians and descriptions of each extant amphibian species.Additionally, it presents information on amphibian conservation here and a brief introduction to folklore and traditional treatment methods for combating poisoning due to amphibians in this country. The species descriptions are arranged under their higher taxonomic groups(orders and families), and further grouped in their respective genera.The descriptions are organized in alphabetical order by their scientific names. Every species covered is accompanied by one or more colour photograph of the animal. Each account includes the vernacular name in English, the current scientific name, the vernacular name in Sinhala, a brief history of the species, a description with identification features, and details of habitat, habits and distribution (both here and outside the country).Key external identification features of the species, such as body form, skin texture and coloration, are provided, to help in the quick identification of an animal in the field.It must be noted that according to Sri Lanka’s wildlife laws, amphibians cannot be captured or removed from their natural habitats without official permits, which must be obtained in advance from the Department of Wildlife Conservation.Sri Lanka is home to an exceptional diversity of amphibians. Currently, the island nation boasts of 112 species of amphibians of which 98 are restricted to the country. However, nearly 60 per cent of this magnificent diversity is threatened with extinction. To make matters worse, very little attention is paid by the conservation authorities or the public. The last treatise on the subject was published 15 years ago. However, many changes have taken place since then and hence an updated compilation was a major necessity. This book by the three authors intends to popularize the study of amphibians by the general public by filling this large void. Historical aspects

Sri Lanka is one of the few countries in the world where conservation and protection of its fauna and flora has been practiced since pre-Christian times. There is much archaeological, historical and literary evidence to show that from ancient times amphibians have attracted the attention of the people of this island.

This is evident by the discovery of an ancient bronze cast of a frog (see photo) discovered during excavations conducted by the Department of Archaeology and the Central Cultural Fund. Strati-graphic evidence from the excavation sites indicate that these objects belong to the sixth to eighth centuries AD (Anuradhapura and Jetavanārāma museum records). Beliefs that feature the ‘good’ qualities of frogs and association with nature. These beliefs have some positive effects on the conservation of amphibians, perhaps one reason that Sri Lanka harbours a diverse assemblage of frogs. Absence of frogs and toads in agricultural fields indicates impending crop failure, it is believed.

The authors have specially thanked Managing Director John Beaufoy of John Beaufoy Publishing Ltd, for publishing many books promoting Sri Lanka diversity.



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Guarding the green: Shiranee on biodiversity

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Reviving Sri Lanka’s coral reefs

Shiranee Yasaratne, BSL’s Senior Technical Advisor, holds a BSc (Hon) in Zoology and Environmental Science and a MSc in Molecular Biology and Gene Technology. She was formerly the Deputy Director General of the Central Environmental Authority and Country Representative of IUCN ( International Union for Conservation) Sri Lanka. In each role she has pushed for practical, science-based solutions to some of the island’s most pressing environmental problems. As Sri Lanka eyes a greener future, her work is a blueprint for how vision, knowledge and persistence can transform policy into practice. This September 24th and 26th, Colombo plays host to LIFE 2025 – a two-day celebration under the theme: ‘Biodiversity Means Business: A Decade of Impact, A Future of Action’, which will bring together, the nation’s most influential business leaders, academics, policymakers, and conservationists for knowledge exchange, policy dialogue, and collaboration. This is more than a celebration. It’s a catalyst for next-generation leadership in Sri Lanka’s nature economy. It is a chance for private sector leaders to align with global best practices, build resilience, and shape national policy.

Organized by Biodiversity Sri Lanka — a national platform entirely owned and driven by the private sector, as it celebrates a decade of strong engagement by the corporate sector in biodiversity and environmental conservation in Sri Lanka, BSL’s 10th anniversary becomes a milestone moment to spotlight corporate leadership in biodiversity.

Q: Can you tell us about your journey into environmental conservation and what inspired you to work in bio-diversity?

I have been in the field of environmental conservation from the time I came out of the University of Colombo, armed with a degree in Zoology majoring in Environmental Science with first class honours. My first experience was at the Central Environmental Authority for which I served for 15 years. It was an interesting time, when the Authority was just being founded and I am happy to say that I played a leading role in the promulgation of the Environmental Impact Assessment Procedures under the National Environmental Act which are still being enforced today. I then served as the Country Representative of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), Sri Lanka at which I was able to take the lead in supporting the Government of Sri Lanka in framing biodiversity related policies and plans

. My journey then moved to the Asian Regional Office of IUCN located in Bangkok, Thailand working on the development of a programme with the private sector in Asia on the integration of Biodiversity into core strategies. This prompted the initiation of Biodiversity Sri Lanka, a platform established in 2015, which is entirely owned and driven by the private sector, designed to promote strong engagement of the corporate sector in biodiversity and environmental conservation in Sri Lanka. BSL’s overall mandate is to help raise awareness on biodiversity and sustainability issues amongst the Sri Lankan business community. Working to assist companies in understanding biodiversity and related issues, as well as to mainstream it into their core businesses, BSL has the ultimate aim of ensuring that a majority of Sri Lankan companies will eventually be on a sustainable ecological footing with vastly reduced negative impacts on our biodiversity.

We are proudly celebrating our tenth year of existence this month!

Q: Sri Lanka is known for its rich bio-diversity, what are the biggest challenges it faces today?

In the past decade, Sri Lanka has faced increasing biodiversity-related vulnerabilities, including habitat loss, climate change impacts, and human-wildlife conflict. While efforts have been made to conserve biodiversity, a lack of coordination and new priorities have hindered progress. Deforestation, particularly of lowland rainforests, and the degradation of wetlands continue to threaten biodiversity. Reclamation of wetlands and indiscriminate use of coastal lands are also major contributors to habitat loss.

Shiranee Yasaratne-a tireless champion for nature,turning words into action

Sri Lanka’s rich biodiversity is vulnerable to climate change impacts like sea-level rise, increased storm surges, and altered rainfall patterns. These changes can affect the distribution and survival of species, as well as the functioning of ecosystems. Human settlements encroaching on wildlife habitats have led to increased conflict, particularly with elephants. This conflict results in damage to crops and property, and poses a threat to both human and animal lives. Poverty, malnutrition, inadequate waste management, and the impacts of natural disasters also pose challenges to biodiversity conservation.

While protected areas have increased, including the inclusion of more valuable wet zone forests, the overall impact of these efforts has been limited by a lack of a coordinated and holistic approach. Additionally, new priorities and developmental activities have emerged, sometimes conflicting with conservation efforts.

Q: In your opinion, what role do businesses and industries play in advancing sustainable environmentalism and what measures can they take to minimise their environmental footprint?

In a time when environmental issues are a major topic of worldwide discussion, the role of businesses in leading positive change is crucial. The increasing emphasis on sustainability and environmental stewardship presents both a challenge and an opportunity for companies across various sectors.

Whether it’s adapting to stricter regulations, responding to the growing consumer demand for green products, or mitigating the risks associated with environmental degradation, businesses have a critical role to play.

However, navigating these environmental challenges requires more than good intentions. It demands strategic planning and the adoption of effective practices that not only reduce environmental impact but also offer economic benefits. In this context, there are several key strategies that businesses can employ to tackle these challenges effectively.

Q: How do you see technology and innovation contributing to sustainable environmentalism and what are some promising developments in this field?

Technology plays a crucial role in environmental conservation by providing innovative solutions to mitigate and reverse environmental degradation. It enables the monitoring and assessment of ecosystems, allowing for data-driven decision-making and informed conservation strategies.

Communication and information technologies enable global collaboration and knowledge-sharing among researchers, policymakers, and conservationists, facilitating coordinated efforts to address environmental challenges on a global scale. Overall, technology empowers environmental conservation efforts by providing innovative tools and solutions to safeguard ecosystems, preserve biodiversity, and promote sustainable development for present and future generations.

Innovation is key to addressing the challenges of sustainable development. Innovation within companies must be encouraged by creating a culture that values creativity and problem-solving. By supporting research and development initiatives that focus on sustainable technologies and practices and fostering collaboration and partnerships with other organisations to share knowledge and resources companies can drive positive change in an industry.

Q: What policies or regulations do you believe are necessary to promote sustainable environmentalism on a broader scale, and how can the government and individuals advocate for these changes?

Governments play a crucial role in promoting sustainable practices due to their ability to enact policies, set regulations, provide incentives, and create frameworks that encourage individuals, businesses, and industries to adopt sustainable behaviour. This could include setting emissions standards, regulating waste management, implementing renewable energy targets, or establishing sustainable agriculture Shiranee practices. Governments can offer financial incentives such as tax breaks, subsidies, grants, or low-interest loans to encourage businesses and individuals to invest in sustainable technologies and practices. This can make sustainable options more economically attractive.

Governments, non-governmental organizations and individuals can run campaigns to raise public awareness about the importance of sustainability and educate people on ways to adopt more sustainable lifestyles. This includes programs in schools, public service announcements, and community initiatives. Governments, academia and science-based organizations can fund research and development into sustainable technologies, innovations, and practices. This support can drive technological advancements that facilitate sustainability in various industries.

Governments can invest in and support the development of sustainable infrastructure, such as public transportation, renewable energy infrastructure, and waste management systems, which can significantly reduce environmental impact and can participate in international agreements, conferences, and collaborations aimed at addressing global sustainability challenges. Governments can set clear and measurable long-term sustainability goals, providing a roadmap for businesses and individuals to work towards and align their efforts. Overall, a proactive and comprehensive approach by governments is vital in driving the transition towards sustainability, as it involves the coordination of efforts across sectors and society as a whole.

Q: What advice would you give to individuals or organisations looking to deepen their commitment to sustainable environmentalism?

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a set of 17 goals adopted by the United Nations General Assembly to address the most pressing challenges of our times. These goals provide a roadmap for nations and societies to achieve a better future by 2030. While governments and civil society organisations have been working towards these goals, the involvement of businesses and the private sector is crucial to their success. Companies have the power to make a significant difference by incorporating the SDGs into business strategies to contribute towards their achievement.

To begin with a company must align its business with the goals that are most relevant to its industry and operations, taking the time to understand each goal and its associated targets. Identifying how a company can contribute to these targets through its products, services, and operations is key. For example, if a company is in the renewable energy sector, its contribution to SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy) is evident. By aligning a business with the SDGs, the company can create a clear roadmap for action and measure progress towards the goals.

In this journey, reviewing the supply chain from end to end to ensure that it upholds human and labour rights, promotes sustainable environmental practices. Working against corruption is critically important.

Q: Integrating biodiversity into national sustainability dialogues is key to ensure the protection of Sri Lanka’s rich biodiversity. How easy or difficult is this today?

Integrating biodiversity into national sustainability dialogues in Sri Lanka faces both challenges and progress. While there are initiatives and frameworks in place, fragmentation of efforts and inadequate policy implementation hinder the mainstreaming of biodiversity conservation. However, growing awareness and some successful examples demonstrate the potential for positive change.

Private sector partners are increasingly involved in biodiversity conservation initiatives, demonstrating a growing awareness of the importance of sustainability, according to Bio Diversity Sri Lanka.

Some companies are incorporating biodiversity conservation into their corporate social responsibility initiatives. In summary, integrating biodiversity into national sustainability dialogues in Sri Lanka is a complex process with both challenges and progress. While fragmentation of efforts and inadequate policy implementation pose significant obstacles, growing awareness, community involvement, private sector engagement, and green finance opportunities offer promising pathways for a more sustainable future for Sri Lanka’s biodiversity.

Q: As Sri Lanka journeys towards a greener and more sustainable future, how important are multiple stakeholder collaborations in relation to biodiversity-related initiatives?

In Sri Lanka’s journey towards sustainability, multiple stakeholder collaborations are absolutely crucial for the success of biodiversity-related initiatives. A collaborative approach is essential to address the complex challenges of biodiversity conservation and to leverage the diverse resources and expertise needed for effective action.

Q: Which stakeholder groups are yet to participate in (and become more active in) these collaborations?

In Sri Lanka, while various stakeholder groups are involved in biodiversity conservation, some could become more active and engaged.

Specifically, the private sector, particularly businesses in tourism and other sectors, needs to be more proactive in supporting sustainable practices and contributing to conservation efforts. Additionally, mainstream stakeholders in economics and finance need a better understanding of the socio-economic importance of biodiversity and ecosystem services.

Q: What needs to be done to foster more cross-sector collaboration in Sri Lanka to address biodiversity-related challenges?

To foster more cross-sector collaboration in Sri Lanka to address biodiversity challenges, a multi-faceted approach is needed.

This includes developing a national policy and strategy for Environmentally Sensitive Areas (ESAs), enhancing capacity building, and promoting public-private partnerships. In addition, it’s crucial to integrate biodiversity conservation into land-use planning, encourage community involvement, and create financial incentives for corporate biodiversity leadership.

By Zanita Careem ✍️

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Malaysian Flavours: A Thursday Night Journey

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Colourful, delicious dishes with aromatic spices

The rich aromas of lemon grass, coconut milk and sizzling satay waft through the air as Cinnamon Lakeside turns into a slice of Malaysia.

Cinnamon Lakeside Colombo unveiled a weekly Malaysian theme night at The Dining Room, every Thursday throughout the month of September from 7 PM onwards, inviting guests to explore Malaysia’s vibrant culinary heritage through live stations, signature specialties, and classic sweets, presented with the warm hospitality and lakefront ambience the restaurant is known for.

An abundant spread curated to capture the depth and diversity of Malaysian cuisine, bright, herbaceous salads; soulful soups; wok-fried rice and noodles; spice-forward mains; comforting vegetarian dishes; and showpiece live grills crafted for sharing and discovery.

Highlights include Kerabu Mangga (Mango salad), Nasi Lemak (Coconut rice), Hokkien Mee, Kam Heong Chicken, Ayam Berempah (Spiced fried chicken), Kari Kambing (Mutton curry), Sambal Udang (Prawns), and Ikan Bakar (Grilled fish). Warm up with Malaysian Curry Laksa and Oxtail Soup, and don’t miss live carvings and skewers, Malaysian Braised Short Ribs, seafood and meat kebabs, plus a pork corner featuring Babi Assam (tamarind pork) and Loh Bak. Sweet endings showcase Kue Lapis, Kuih Dadar, Kuih Seri Muka, and more.

Set beside serene Beira Lake, The Dining Room pairs relaxed elegance with thoughtful service making this weekly celebration ideal for family gatherings, friendly get-togethers, or a flavoursome mid-week escape.

Cooking up heritage

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New jewel on the coast

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Where contemporary lines meet palm fringed serenity

Villa 700: Jetwing

Jetwing Hotels recently welcomed Villa 700 into its family of distinctive properties on a secluded strip of golden sand in Induruwa, where the sea rolls in gentle swells and coconut palms lean toward the horizon. Jetwing Hotels Villa 700, five room hideaway represents a fresh direction for one of the island’s best known hospitality brands.

Villa 700 is designed for intimacy. Four spacious bedrooms and a signature suite look straight into the Indian Ocean, interiors are minimalist yet warm, with polished wood, crisp white linens and door to door ceiling glass that lets the light pouring outside, a lap style pool runs parallel to the beach, while shaded verandahs invite guests to linger with a book or a cocktail.

Dining follows the same bespoke ethos. Guests can choose from a la carte menus featuring Sri Lankan seafood, plant based options and international classics, all prepared with Jetwing’s emphasis on sustainability and locally sourced produce sustainability by embracing local culture and environmental stewardship.

Guests have a variety of nearby attractions. The Lunuganga estate, the former country home of Geoffrey Bawa, now a garden estate that showcases his visionary design. As Sri Lanka’s tourism market shifts towards high value experience driven travel, Villa 700 stands as an invitation: come for the beach, stay for the serenity and leave with the sense that you’ve discovered several worth keeping.

Jetwing Hotels, founded by the late Herbert Cooray, has long been synonymous with excellence in Sri Lanka tourism. With a legacy built on values of passion, integrity, and sustainability, the brand continues to redefine hospitality by embracing local culture and environmental stewardship. The addition of this property reflects Jetwing’s commitment to curating distinctive stays that highlight the finest elements of each destination, offering intimate getaways that celebrate Sri Lanka’s tropical beauty.

Beyond the villa’s tranquil setting, guests have access to a variety of nearby attractions. The Kosgoda Turtle Hatchery offers a glimpse into vital conservation efforts, while the Brief Garden, created by Geoffrey’s brother, Bevis Bawa, presents another stunning example of landscape artistry. For those drawn to sun and surf, the property’s seamless connection to Induruwa’s shoreline and easy access to Bentota Beach make it an ideal coastal escape.

With Jetwing Hotels now at the Where contemporary helm, Villa 700 is poised to become a premier destination for travellers seeking a harmonious blend of comfort, culture, and coastal serenity. Whether it’s a romantic escape, a family holiday, or a solo retreat, Jetwing Villa 700 promises an unforgettable experience along Sri Lanka’s southern shores. (Zanita)

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