Features
LAW IS LIGHT
Law is Light is a series of trilingual legal discussions organised by the Pro Bono Committee of the Law Students’ Association of Sri Lanka, to educate the general public of the laws in our country. The following article is based on the discussion on “Crime and Law”, with Attorneys-at- Law: Nalinda Indatissa PC (Practicing Criminal Lawyer and Advisor at Colombo School of Business and Management), Prasantha Lal De Alwis PC (Consul General for Seychelles in Sri Lanka and a visiting lecturer at the Faculty of Law, University of Colombo) and Kanagasabai Shanmugaratnam Ratnavel (practising in the fields of Public and International Law, Criminal Law & Human Rights Law. He was the President of Colombo law society in 2005)
What is a crime?
A crime is an offence committed against the entire society. When a person upsets the social order it constitutes a crime. The State takes the responsibility of punishing the person, for doing the wrong or to compensate the person who has been wronged.
Could we elaborate on the types of crime?
The basic accepted school of thought is that a crime can be divided into personal crimes, property crimes, inchoate crimes, statutory crimes and financial crimes.
Personal crimes are, assault of a person, kidnapping and domestic crime where people in the household are affected.Property crime is a more serious in nature; example, if somebody writes a forged deed for a property owned by another person – forgery of a document where it says it has been represented by person where it has not been. In theft although only one party is affected, society looks down upon such activity because there is a psychosis in permitting theft to take place. Robbery and Extortion are more serious property crimes. Statutory crimes are not orthodox crimes but those that you come across, with the development of Chemistry and society. The drug related crime under the Provisions of Poisons, Opium and Drugs Act, possession of certain chemical substances were not known to the society prior to the development that took place. The possession of it alone is considered a crime. These crimes affect the entire fabric of society. Then you get alcohol related offences, such as drunk driving and manufacturing and possession of illicit liquor. Financial crimes involves moveable property. When a person is in possession of a property he either probates a property or he uses the property in violation of the entrustment that it becomes a criminal breach of trust. A criminal misappropriation; cheating, occurs where a representation is made and get someone to deliver some property. Those are the olden day financial crimes. With the development of society and international trade, crime has become transnational. So we have crimes like terrorist financing or money laundering, where people commit crimes of bribery, corruption or exchange control violation and that ill-gotten money is invested in the financial system of a different country. Today there are computer crimes, for example, entering a data base of a bank or company and you give a command to transfer some money to a different account. Or you intercept two parties engaged in international crimes. Inchoate crimes – aiding and abetting any of the principal offences or conspiracy to commit any of the principal offences. This include attempt to commit offences.
Any act against the state or society we live is considered a crime.
How can an arrest be made?
When we know a crime has been committed, we go to the police. They are the most common forms of peace officers that we know of. A peace officer is the word for a legally recognized law enforcement officer. First you make a complaint to the police officer, he will analyse the material available and see whether there can be a reasonable suspicion where an offence can be made out. Once a reasonable suspicion has been made, the police officer will see whether the offence revealed is an offence where a person can be arrested without a warrant. A person can be arrested without a warrant in more serious offences. Time is insufficient for the police officer to obtain a warrant from the magistrate, because the damage that can be caused to the society is great if the arrest was not made. The law has recognised these serious offences in Schedule 1 of the Criminal Procedure Code. If it’s not a cognizable offence, he has to report the facts to the magistrate and perhaps the magistrate may need some evidence to satisfy him and whether there is a reason to give a warrant of arrest. Once a warrant is issued, the arrest can be made.
There are 2 ways of causing arrest: if it is a cognizable offence the arrest can be made without a warrant and produce the person in court. If it is a non-cognizable offence, we have to go to the Magistrates Court, report facts, satisfy the magistrate to obtain a warrant and perform the arrest.
Q – Other than the Police, who else can make an arrest?
The Grama Niladaris, in the good olden days, were given police powers. Wild life officers under the Wild Life Act who perform police duties. Under the Custom Ordinance, there are custom officers, Forest Ordinance- forest officers and under the Food Act – the PHIs. They are also termed as Peace Officers.
Q – Does the person performing arrest state reasons when then the arrest is made?
You have to make the arrest in accordance to the Constitution and the Code of Criminal Procedure Act. It is a fundamental right that the person arrested ought to know the reasons for an arrest. In the instance where a person is trying to prevent the arrest, you could use minimum force to cause the arrest.
Q – What does minimum force mean?
Sufficient force required to arrest a person can be deployed but you cannot use more force than it is reasonably necessary.
Q – When a person is investigated, should a lawyer be present?
S. 41 Judicature Act states, a person has the right to represent his client in any court of law or any institution established for the administration of justice.
Q – What is the duty owed by the police towards a person held under custody?
According to Article 11 of the Constitution they should not be subjected to cruel and inhumane degrading treatment. They owe a duty not to inflict bodily or mental harm.
Q – Art 13, speaks of presumption of innocence but the general public tends to brand a person guilty the moment they hear it on the news. Can you tell us how the Law looks at it?
Article 13(5) states, until a person is proven guilty, he is presumed to be innocent. The prosecution will have to establish beyond reasonable doubt that the accused is guilty of the offence that he is charged with. Today what happens is, there is media coverage before a trial and it puts forward a superficial theory without any cross examinations. They do not dwell into the credibility of the witness. The evidence has to be investigated properly for there to be justice.
Q – Is contempt of court a criminal offence?
Anybody trying to interfere with the administration of justice would be committing the offence of contempt of court. It is a criminal offence and they will be sent to prison.
Q – If the police does not accept the complaint what action can be taken?
Police can investigate only criminal complaints and not civil. So if they refuse to accept a criminal complaint, you can complain to the IGP, the Human Rights Commission or you can go to the Court of Appeal.
Zeenath Zakir
Pro bono Secretary 2020-2021
The complete discussion is available on our YouTube channel ‘Law Students Association of Sri Lanka’, in all three languages.
Features
Maduro abduction marks dangerous aggravation of ‘world disorder’
The abduction of Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro by US special forces on January 3rd and his coercive conveying to the US to stand trial over a number of allegations leveled against him by the Trump administration marks a dangerous degeneration of prevailing ‘world disorder’. While some cardinal principles in International Law have been blatantly violated by the US in the course of the operation the fallout for the world from the exceptionally sensational VVIP abduction could be grave.
Although controversial US military interventions the world over are not ‘news’ any longer, the abduction and hustling away of a head of government, seen as an enemy of the US, to stand trial on the latter soil amounts to a heavy-handed and arrogant rejection of the foundational principles of international law and order. It would seem, for instance, that the concept of national sovereignty is no longer applicable to the way in which the world’s foremost powers relate to the rest of the international community. Might is indeed right for the likes of the US and the Trump administration in particular is adamant in driving this point home to the world.
Chief spokesmen for the Trump administration have been at pains to point out that the abduction is not at variance with national security related provisions of the US Constitution. These provisions apparently bestow on the US President wide powers to protect US security and stability through courses of action that are seen as essential to further these ends but the fact is that International Law has been brazenly violated in the process in the Venezuelan case.
To be sure, this is not the first occasion on which a head of government has been abducted by US special forces in post-World War Two times and made to stand trial in the US, since such a development occurred in Panama in 1989, but the consequences for the world could be doubly grave as a result of such actions, considering the mounting ‘disorder’ confronting the world community.
Those sections opposed to the Maduro abduction in the US would do well to from now on seek ways of reconciling national security-related provisions in the US Constitution with the country’s wider international commitment to uphold international peace and law and order. No ambiguities could be permitted on this score.
While the arbitrary military action undertaken by the US to further its narrow interests at whatever cost calls for criticism, it would be only fair to point out that the US is not the only big power which has thus dangerously eroded the authority of International Law in recent times. Russia, for example, did just that when it violated the sovereignty of Ukraine by invading it two or more years ago on some nebulous, unconvincing grounds. Consequently, the Ukraine crisis too poses a grave threat to international peace.
It is relevant to mention in this connection that authoritarian rulers who hope to rule their countries in perpetuity as it were, usually end up, sooner rather than later, being a blight on their people. This is on account of the fact that they prove a major obstacle to the implementation of the democratic process which alone holds out the promise of the prgressive empowerment of the people, whereas authoritarian rulers prefer to rule with an iron fist with a fixation about self-empowerment.
Nevertheless, regime-change, wherever it may occur, is a matter for the public concerned. In a functional democracy, it is the people, and the people only, who ‘make or break’ governments. From this viewpoint, Russia and Venezuela are most lacking. But externally induced, militarily mediated change is a gross abnormality in the world or democracy, which deserves decrying.
By way of damage control, the US could take the initiative to ensure that the democratic process, read as the full empowerment of ordinary people, takes hold in Venezuela. In this manner the US could help in stemming some of the destructive fallout from its abduction operation. Any attempts by the US to take possession of the national wealth of Venezuela at this juncture are bound to earn for it the condemnation of democratic opinion the world over.
Likewise, the US needs to exert all its influence to ensure that the rights of ordinary Ukrainians are protected. It will need to ensure this while exploring ways of stopping further incursions into Ukrainian territory by Russia’s invading forces. It will need to do this in collaboration with the EU which is putting its best foot forward to end the Ukraine blood-letting.
Meanwhile, the repercussions that the Maduro abduction could have on the global South would need to be watched with some concern by the international community. Here too the EU could prove a positive influence since it is doubtful whether the UN would be enabled by the big powers to carry out the responsibilities that devolve on it with the required effectiveness.
What needs to be specifically watched is the ‘copycat effect’ that could manifest among those less democratically inclined Southern rulers who would be inspired by the Trump administration to take the law into their hands, so to speak, and act with callous disregard for the sovereign rights of their smaller and more vulnerable neighbours.
Democratic opinion the world over would need to think of systems of checks and balances that could contain such power abuse by Southern autocratic rulers in particular. The UN and democracy-supportive organizations, such as the EU, could prove suitable partners in these efforts.
All in all it is international lawlessness that needs managing effectively from now on. If President Trump carries out his threat to over-run other countries as well in the manner in which he ran rough-shod over Venezuela, there is unlikely to remain even a semblance of international order, considering that anarchy would be receiving a strong fillip from the US, ‘The World’s Mightiest Democracy’.
What is also of note is that identity politics in particularly the South would be unprecedentedly energized. The narrative that ‘the Great Satan’ is running amok would win considerable validity among the theocracies of the Middle East and set the stage for a resurgence of religious fanaticism and invigorated armed resistance to the US. The Trump administration needs to stop in its tracks and weigh the pros and cons of its current foreign policy initiatives.
Features
Pure Christmas magic and joy at British School
The British School in Colombo (BSC) hosted its Annual Christmas Carnival 2025, ‘Gingerbread Wonderland’, which was a huge success, with the students themseles in the spotlight, managing stalls and volunteering.
The event, organised by the Parent-Teacher Association (PTA), featured a variety of activities, including: Games and rides for all ages, Food stalls offering delicious treats, Drinks and refreshments, Trade booths showcasing local products, and Live music and entertainment.

The carnival was held at the school premises, providing a fun and festive atmosphere for students, parents, and the community to enjoy.
The halls of the BSC were filled with pure Christmas magic and joy with the students and the staff putting on a tremendous display.
Among the highlights was the dazzling fashion show with the students doing the needful, and they were very impressive.

The students themselves were eagerly looking forward to displaying their modelling technique and, I’m told, they enjoyed the moment they had to step on the ramp.
The event supported communities affected by the recent floods, with surplus proceeds going to flood-relief efforts.
Features
Glowing younger looking skin
Hi! This week I’m giving you some beauty tips so that you could look forward to enjoying 2026 with a glowing younger looking skin.
Face wash for natural beauty
* Avocado:
Take the pulp, make a paste of it and apply on your face. Leave it on for five minutes and then wash it with normal water.
* Cucumber:
Just rub some cucumber slices on your face for 02-03 minutes to cleanse the oil naturally. Wash off with plain water.
* Buttermilk:
Apply all over your face and leave it to dry, then wash it with normal water (works for mixed to oily skin).
Face scrub for natural beauty
Take 01-02 strawberries, 02 pieces of kiwis or 02 cubes of watermelons. Mash any single fruit and apply on your face. Then massage or scrub it slowly for at least 3-5 minutes in circular motions. Then wash it thoroughly with normal or cold water. You can make use of different fruits during different seasons, and see what suits you best! Follow with a natural face mask.
Face Masks
* Papaya and Honey:
Take two pieces of papaya (peeled) and mash them to make a paste. Apply evenly on your face and leave it for 30 minutes and then wash it with cold water.
Papaya is just not a fruit but one of the best natural remedies for good health and glowing younger looking skin. It also helps in reducing pimples and scars. You can also add honey (optional) to the mixture which helps massage and makes your skin glow.
* Banana:
Put a few slices of banana, 01 teaspoon of honey (optional), in a bowl, and mash them nicely. Apply on your face, and massage it gently all over the face for at least 05 minutes. Then wash it off with normal water. For an instant glow on your face, this facemask is a great idea to try!
* Carrot:
Make a paste using 01 carrot (steamed) by mixing it with milk or honey and apply on your face and neck evenly. Let it dry for 15-20 minutes and then wash it with cold water. Carrots work really well for your skin as they have many vitamins and minerals, which give instant shine and younger-looking skin.
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