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Island states win historic climate case in world oceans court

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Vanuatu, one of the countries to bring the case, was hit by two Category 4 cyclones within 24 hours of each other in March last year (Aljazeera)

Nine small island states have won a historic climate change case at the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS), which ruled that all signatories to a United Nations treaty on marine activities must do more to protect the world’s oceans from climate change.

The tribunal found that signatories to the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea’s responsibilities to prevent marine pollution extend to greenhouse gas emissions, which harm oceans by altering the earth’s atmosphere.

The island states had asked the court to clarify what was considered marine pollution under the convention, amid rising oceans, soaring ocean temperature and ocean acidification caused by fossil fuels and other greenhouse gas emissions.

Gaston Browne, the prime minister of Antigua and Barbuda, one of the countries that brought the case, said small island nations were “fighting for their survival” due to the emissions of big polluters.  “Some will become uninhabitable in the near future because of the failure to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions,” he said. “We demand that the major polluters respect international law and stop the catastrophic harm against us before it is too late.”

The 1994 convention, signed by 169 countries, already provides the legal basis for countries to protect the marine environment from polluting substances, including oil from ships, but the tribunal’s decision acknowledges that atmospheric emissions are also harming oceans.

The tribunal ruled that states had an obligation to act, noting “the high risks of serious and irreversible harm to the marine environment”.

The Commission of Small Island States on Climate Change and International Law (COSIS), which brought the case on behalf of nine countries, hailed the advisory opinion from the world court as a “tremendous legal victory”.

“The court made history by delivering the first ever advisory opinion on climate change and oceans,” COSIS said.

people dance in front of a banner that says save the pacific save the worldDancers from the Matavai Pacific Cultural Arts Centre participate in a climate change rally in Sydney, Australia (Aljazeera)

Island countries have fought for more decisive action on climate change for decades and battled disinformation spread by fossil fuel companies.

The nine states that joined the COSIS case are Antigua and Barbuda, Niue, Palau, St Kitts and Nevis, St Lucia, St Vincent and the Grenadines, Tuvalu and Vanuatu, which last year experienced two Category 4 storms within 24 hours.

In addition to more severe and frequent storms, island states are also facing more gradual changes from climate change, such as the loss of vegetable gardens when salty seawater mixes with groundwater.

Eselealofa Apinelu, representing the South Pacific island of Tuvalu, said Tuesday’s opinion made clear that all states were legally bound to protect the marine environment, and other states, from the existential threats of climate change.

She called it “an important first step in holding the major polluters accountable”.

an aerial view of an ocean full of black and orange
Fishing boats collect oil with booms in the waters of Chandeleur Sound after BP’s Deepwater Horizon oil spill in 2010 (Aljazeera)

The ITLOS case is just one of several ongoing international efforts to address fossil fuels polluting oceans.

Dirty bunker fuels used by cargo ships have been coming under increased scrutiny by the International Maritime Organization (IMO),  while a planned Global Plastics Treaty will address plastics and microplastic pollution.

(Aljazeera)



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Belgian prince loses bid for benefits on top of £300k royal allowance

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Prince Laurent and his British-born wife, Princess Claire of Belgium [BBC]

A Belgian prince’s attempt to claim social security benefits on top of his six-figure royal allowance has been rejected by a court.

Prince Laurent – the younger brother of King Philippe – received €388,000 (£295,850; $376,000) from state funds last year but said that his work entitles him and his family to social security.

He had argued that he was partly self-employed because of the duties he carries out as a royal, as well as running an animal welfare charity for the past decade.

Laurent, 61, said he was acting out of “principle” rather than for money. The court disagreed.

“When a migrant comes here, he registers, he has a right to social security,” he told Belgian broadcaster RTBF.

“I may be a migrant too, but one whose family established the state in place.”

But on Monday a court in Brussels turned down Laurent’s request on the grounds that the prince can be considered neither self-employed nor an employee.

However, according to broadcaster VTM the judge acknowledged that the prince should actually be entitled to a pension – but said gaps in legislation made that impossible and called for the law to be amended.

His lawyer, Olivier Rijckaert, told Belgian newspaper Le Soir that Laurent’s request had not been based on a “whim” and insisted on its symbolism, saying that social security is “granted by Belgian law to all residents, from the most deprived to the richest”.

Mr Rijckaert also said that most of the prince’s allowance is spent on his assistant’s salary and various travel expenses.

This means Laurent is left with about €5000 (£4300; $5500) a month but no social security benefits, such as the right to claim back some medical expenses.

The prince – who has three adult children with British-born wife Claire Coombs – has also expressed his concerns over his family’s wellbeing since the royal allowance will be cut when he dies.

Laurent took legal action against the Belgian state after his application for social security was refused. A first hearing was held in November 2024.

According to RTBF, the prince and his legal counsel have not yet decided whether to appeal the court’s decision.

Laurentm who is the 15th in the Belgian line of succession, is no stranger to controversy and is sometimes termed the prince maudit – the “cursed prince” – in Belgium.

In 2018, the Belgian federal parliament voted to dock his monthly allowance for a year after he attended a Chinese embassy reception without government permission, in full naval uniform.

He has also racked up several speeding fines and has been criticised for attending meetings in Libya when the late Muammar Gaddafi was still in power.

[BBC]

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Rains add to misery in quake-hit Myanmar as death toll rises to 3,471

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People at a shelter in a makeshift tent camp near a railway track, following a strong earthquake in Amarapura township, Myanmar, April 4, 2025 [Aljazeera]

Heavy rains have lashed parts of earthquake-hit Myanmar, complicating relief efforts and raising the risk of disease as the death toll from the powerful quakes that struck the country on March 28 rose to at least 3,471.

Aid workers in the hard-hit city of Mandalay, near the epicentre of the earthquake, said on Sunday that rains and winds hit tent camps in the area overnight and in the morning, soaking survivors and their belongings.

More bouts of rain were expected later in the day, while temperatures were also forecast to climb to 37 degrees Celsius (98 degrees Fahrenheit).

“The weather is very extreme,” Tun Tun, a specialist with the United Nations Development Programme, told the AFP news agency.

Aid agencies have warned the combination of unseasonable rains and extreme heat could cause outbreaks of disease, including cholera, among quake survivors, who are camping in the open.

The magnitude 7.7 earthquake hit a wide swath of Myanmar, home to 50 million people, causing significant damage to six regions and states, including the capital, Naypyidaw.

It left many areas without power, telephone or mobile phone connections, and damaged roads and bridges, making the full extent of the devastation hard to assess. It also worsened an already dire humanitarian crisis triggered by the country’s civil war that has internally displaced more than three million people and left nearly 20 million in need, according to the UN.

State media in the military-led country now say the earthquake has caused 3,471 deaths and injured 4,671 people, while 214 remain missing.

It has damaged some 5,223 buildings, 1,824 schools, 4,817 pagodas and temples, 167 hospitals and clinics, 169 bridges, 198 dams and 184 sections of the country’s main highway.

Myanmar earthquake
People sort through the rubble of a collapsed building in Mandalay on April 5, 2025, following the earthquake [Aljazeera]

Damage has been particularly severe in the city of Sagaing near the epicentre, as well as in Mandalay, Myanmar’s second-largest city.

UN aid chief Tom Fletcher, who is in Mandalay, described the scale of the damage as “epic” and said survivors, who are “traumatised and fearful”, need food, water, shelter and electricity urgently.

In a video posted to X, Fletcher noted the quake had brought devastation to communities that were already in crisis. “It’s a compounding crisis,” he said. “It’s earthquake, on top of conflict, on top of huge existing need.”

[Aljazeera]

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Zimbabwe to scrap tariffs on US goods as it faces 18% Trump levy

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Zimbabwe’s President Emmerson Mnangagwa has announced he will suspend tariffs on goods imported from the US in an attempt to build a “positive relationship” with President Donald Trump’s administration.

The move comes days after Trump imposed 18% tariffs on Zimbabwean exports to the US.

“This measure is intended to facilitate the expansion of American imports within the Zimbabwean market, while simultaneously promoting the growth of Zimbabwean exports destined for the United States,” Mnangagwa said on X.

Zimbabwe has had strained diplomatic relations with the US since it adopted a controversial land policy about 25 years ago, and because of its poor human rights record.

Trade between the two countries amounted to only $111.6m (£86.6m) in 2024, US government data shows.

The US exported goods worth $43.8m to Zimbabwe in 2024, up 10.6% from the previous year, while imports were down 41% to $67.8m.

Zimbabwean political analyst Tendai Mbanje told AFP news agency that the decision would not result in substantial economic benefits for Zimbabwe and would would only benefit the US.

Prominent Zimbabwean journalist and government critic Hopewell Chin’ono said the president appeared to be trying to “appease” the Trump administration.

Mnangawa possibly hopes that the administration would lift sanctions imposed on him, but it was a “long shot”, he added on X.

[BBC]

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