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Forest cover, wildlife conservation and roadside trees

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By Dr. Rohan H. Wickramasinghe

It was most welcome to read in The Island of 22 October that the Minister of Wildlife and Forest Conservation of the new government had stated in Parliament the intention of increasing the forest cover of the country. It was also stated that action has already commenced together with other relevant bodies to plant trees by the side of newly constructed roads. While these statements are most welcome it is hoped that the implementation of these intentions is effected by those with experience in the subjects in question and with the interests of the country at heart. This has not always been the case.

An example of the latter was the Sri Lanka Forestry Master Plan produced by foreign experts several years ago and condemned by Professor of Botany, Dr. B. A. Abeywickrema (then serving on the Board of the Central Environmental Authority) as a Master Plan to finish Sri Lanka. Professor Abeywickrema felt strongly about the matter and, after encountering political opposition locally to his recommendation to review the plan, arranged an appeal to the World Bank in Washington, D.C. His appeal was upheld but the opposition he encountered from a local politician and his sycophant on this issue resulted in Professor Abeywickrema’s resignation from the Board of the CEA (which, incidentally, he told me that he did not regret since he had done his duty by the country. He, also, did not accept a cynical proposal to accord him a farewell before he left.) The circumstances surrounding Professor Abeywickrema leaving the CEA were sad. This writer had seen at first hand the enormous knowledgeable and balanced contributions Professor Abeywickrema had made during the initial years of setting up the CEA despite pressures from politicians and their ‘yes men’.

Undertaking to increase the forest cover of Sri Lanka is well and good but very often translates into expenditure of funds and effort into planting extensive monocultures of exotic species, such as pines or eucalyptus. These, among other drawbacks, provide little or no benefit to our indigenous fauna and flora by way of food or habitat, in addition to other issues such as creating a potential fire hazard. They are chosen since new plantations are not attacked by hare and other wildlife.

While concern is, quite rightly, frequently voiced as regards the protection of elephants and leopards, there is little or no public discussion of the myriads of insects, birds, fish, orchids, tree ferns, etc., in our endangered forests, which are in great need of protection and conservation. In view of the numerous climatic zones ranging from the mangroves to the arid zones to the Sabaragamuwa rain forests to the upcountry Horton Plains and to its being an island, the country is host to a huge number of indigenous and endemic plant and animal species, which has led to its being labelled a biological ‘hotspot’. It is also the resting place of birds migrating south, such as flamingos and the Indian Pitta.

For those primarily concerned with the parlous state of the country’s economy, wildlife tourism has rightly been described as a money spinner. The essential role of pollinators in agriculture and of predators in the control of various pests (e.g. the control of mice by owls) are two further areas where wildlife conservation provides something more concrete than a ‘feel good effect’. (To digress briefly, the use of pollinators in agriculture was practiced in Ancient Egypt. Skeps of honey bees were loaded onto barges, which were then towed along the River Nile and parked where a crop was in flower as the seasons unrolled. This resulted in a honey harvest, as well as boosting the crop yield. Do Sri Lankan farmers transport pollinators to crops when they are in flower?)

It is suggested that the Ministry of Wildlife and Forest Conservation join forces with the Ministry of Education to increase the awareness of the people (both children and adults, such as the police) of the plants and animals of our country and the legal provisions which have been prescribed for their protection. This is sorely needed. Till not long ago, plants in flower of the yellow orchid (Vanda spathulata) were hawked openly on the streets of Kandy and in front of the Kollupitiya market in Colombo despite it being a protected species. (Advice may be sought from Samantha Gunasekera for information concerning the orchids of Sri Lanka.)

As regards the welcome move to plant trees along roads, mention may be made of deliberations in this regard by an Environmental Committee of the Colombo Municipal Council several years back, which was chaired by this writer. The Committee was constituted of several experts in various fields, who generously contributed of their time and expertise. One item discussed, which found support, was the need to have proper maintenance of the magnificent trees to be found along roadsides in Colombo. Unfortunately, recommendations to this end do not seem to have been followed and yet another tree fell over on Flower Road recently. It is fortunate that no-one was injured.

Before concluding this brief comment relating to the undertaking of the Ministry of Wildlife and Forest Conservation to increase the forest cover of the island, the writer would like to refer to a communication received coincidentally on 22 October from the organization, AVAAZ. For those unfamiliar with the work of AVAAZ (which means ‘voice’ or ‘song’ in many languages), it is a network of some 60-million individuals living in every nation of the world. The teams engaged in the various diverse campaigns undertaken by the network are said to be based in 18 countries on six continents and to work in 17 languages. The latest communication from AVAAZ notes that half the earth’s forests have vanished with 15 billion trees being felled annually. This would translate to 476 trees per second.

The communication from AVAAZ quotes the observation of the organization called ‘Mother Jones’ that ‘Planting trees is good. Eliminating deforestation is better.’ AVAAZ is currently engaged in gathering support worldwide for a petition to the European Union, which is considering a new law to ban any products linked to deforestation. Professor Abeywickreme would have encouraged support from Sri Lanka for such a law.



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Acid test emerges for US-EU ties

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European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen

European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen addressing the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland on Tuesday put forward the EU’s viewpoint on current questions in international politics with a clarity, coherence and eloquence that was noteworthy. Essentially, she aimed to leave no one in doubt that a ‘new form of European independence’ had emerged and that European solidarity was at a peak.

These comments emerge against the backdrop of speculation in some international quarters that the Post-World War Two global political and economic order is unraveling. For example, if there was a general tacit presumption that US- Western European ties in particular were more or less rock-solid, that proposition apparently could no longer be taken for granted.

For instance, while US President Donald Trump is on record that he would bring Greenland under US administrative control even by using force against any opposition, if necessary, the EU Commission President was forthright that the EU stood for Greenland’s continued sovereignty and independence.

In fact at the time of writing, small military contingents from France, Germany, Sweden, Norway and the Netherlands are reportedly already in Greenland’s capital of Nook for what are described as limited reconnaissance operations. Such moves acquire added importance in view of a further comment by von der Leyen to the effect that the EU would be acting ‘in full solidarity with Greenland and Denmark’; the latter being the current governing entity of Greenland.

It is also of note that the EU Commission President went on to say that the ‘EU has an unwavering commitment to UK’s independence.’ The immediate backdrop to this observation was a UK decision to hand over administrative control over the strategically important Indian Ocean island of Diego Garcia to Mauritius in the face of opposition by the Trump administration. That is, European unity in the face of present controversial moves by the US with regard to Greenland and other matters of contention is an unshakable ‘given’.

It is probably the fact that some prominent EU members, who also hold membership of NATO, are firmly behind the EU in its current stand-offs with the US that is prompting the view that the Post-World War Two order is beginning to unravel. This is, however, a matter for the future. It will be in the interests of the contending quarters concerned and probably the world to ensure that the present tensions do not degenerate into an armed confrontation which would have implications for world peace.

However, it is quite some time since the Post-World War Two order began to face challenges. Observers need to take their minds back to the Balkan crisis and the subsequent US invasions of Afghanistan and Iraq in the immediate Post-Cold War years, for example, to trace the basic historic contours of how the challenges emerged. In the above developments the seeds of global ‘disorder’ were sown.

Such ‘disorder’ was further aggravated by the Russian invasion of Ukraine four years ago. Now it may seem that the world is reaping the proverbial whirlwind. It is relevant to also note that the EU Commission President was on record as pledging to extend material and financial support to Ukraine in its travails.

Currently, the international law and order situation is such that sections of the world cannot be faulted for seeing the Post World War Two international order as relentlessly unraveling, as it were. It will be in the interests of all concerned for negotiated solutions to be found to these global tangles. In fact von der Leyen has committed the EU to finding diplomatic solutions to the issues at hand, including the US-inspired tariff-related squabbles.

Given the apparent helplessness of the UN system, a pre-World War Two situation seems to be unfolding, with those states wielding the most armed might trying to mould international power relations in their favour. In the lead-up to the Second World War, the Hitlerian regime in Germany invaded unopposed one Eastern European country after another as the League of Nations stood idly by. World War Two was the result of the Allied Powers finally jerking themselves out of their complacency and taking on Germany and its allies in a full-blown world war.

However, unlike in the late thirties of the last century, the seeming number one aggressor, which is the US this time around, is not going unchallenged. The EU which has within its fold the foremost of Western democracies has done well to indicate to the US that its power games in Europe are not going unmonitored and unchecked. If the US’ designs to take control of Greenland and Denmark, for instance, are not defeated the world could very well be having on its hands, sooner rather than later, a pre-World War Two type situation.

Ironically, it is the ‘World’s Mightiest Democracy’ which is today allowing itself to be seen as the prime aggressor in the present round of global tensions. In the current confrontations, democratic opinion the world over is obliged to back the EU, since it has emerged as the principal opponent of the US, which is allowing itself to be seen as a fascist power.

Hopefully sane counsel would prevail among the chief antagonists in the present standoff growing, once again, out of uncontainable territorial ambitions. The EU is obliged to lead from the front in resolving the current crisis by diplomatic means since a region-wide armed conflict, for instance, could lead to unbearable ill-consequences for the world.

It does not follow that the UN has no role to play currently. Given the existing power realities within the UN Security Council, the UN cannot be faulted for coming to be seen as helpless in the face of the present tensions. However, it will need to continue with and build on its worldwide development activities since the global South in particular needs them very badly.

The UN needs to strive in the latter directions more than ever before since multi-billionaires are now in the seats of power in the principle state of the global North, the US. As the charity Oxfam has pointed out, such financially all-powerful persons and allied institutions are multiplying virtually incalculably. It follows from these realities that the poor of the world would suffer continuous neglect. The UN would need to redouble its efforts to help these needy sections before widespread poverty leads to hemispheric discontent.

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Features

Brighten up your skin …

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Hi! This week I’ve come up with tips to brighten up your skin.

* Turmeric and Yoghurt Face Pack:

You will need 01 teaspoon of turmeric powder and 02 tablespoons of fresh yoghurt.

Mix the turmeric and yoghurt into a smooth paste and apply evenly on clean skin. Leave it for 15–20 minutes and then rinse with lukewarm water

Benefits:

Reduces pigmentation, brightens dull skin and fights acne-causing bacteria.

* Lemon and Honey Glow Pack:

Mix 01teaspoon lemon juice and 01 tablespoon honey and apply it gently to the face. Leave for 10–15 minutes and then wash off with cool water.

Benefits:

Lightens dark spots, improves skin tone and deeply moisturises. By the way, use only 01–02 times a week and avoid sun exposure after use.

* Aloe Vera Gel Treatment:

All you need is fresh aloe vera gel which you can extract from an aloe leaf. Apply a thin layer, before bedtime, leave it overnight, and then wash face in the morning.

Benefits:

Repairs damaged skin, lightens pigmentation and adds natural glow.

* Rice Flour and Milk Scrub:

You will need 01 tablespoon rice flour and 02 tablespoons fresh milk.

Mix the rice flour and milk into a thick paste and then massage gently in circular motions. Leave for 10 minutes and then rinse with water.

Benefits:

Removes dead skin cells, improves complexion, and smoothens skin.

* Tomato Pulp Mask:

Apply the tomato pulp directly, leave for 15 minutes, and then rinse with cool water

Benefits:

Controls excess oil, reduces tan, and brightens skin naturally.

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Features

Shooting for the stars …

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That’s precisely what 25-year-old Hansana Balasuriya has in mind – shooting for the stars – when she was selected to represent Sri Lanka on the international stage at Miss Intercontinental 2025, in Sahl Hasheesh, Egypt.

The grand finale is next Thursday, 29th January, and Hansana is all geared up to make her presence felt in a big way.

Her journey is a testament to her fearless spirit and multifaceted talents … yes, her life is a whirlwind of passion, purpose, and pageantry.

Raised in a family of water babies (Director of The Deep End and Glory Swim Shop), Hansana’s love affair with swimming began in childhood and then she branched out to master the “art of 8 limbs” as a Muay Thai fighter, nailed Karate and Kickboxing (3-time black belt holder), and even threw herself into athletics (literally!), especially throwing events, and netball, as well.

A proud Bishop’s College alumna, Hansana’s leadership skills also shone bright as Senior Choir Leader.

She earned a BA (Hons) in Business Administration from Esoft Metropolitan University, and then the world became her playground.

Before long, modelling and pageantry also came into her scene.

She says she took to part-time modelling, as a hobby, and that led to pageants, grabbing 2nd Runner-up titles at Miss Nature Queen and Miss World Sri Lanka 2025.

When she’s not ruling the stage, or pool, Hansana’s belting tunes with Soul Sounds, Sri Lanka’s largest female ensemble.

What’s more, her artistry extends to drawing, and she loves hitting the open road for long drives, she says.

This water warrior is also on a mission – as Founder of Wave of Safety,

Hansana happens to be the youngest Executive Committee Member of the Sri Lanka Aquatic Sports Union (SLASU) and, as founder of Wave of Safety, she’s spreading water safety awareness and saving lives.

Today is Hansana’s ninth day in Egypt and the itinerary for today, says National Director for Sri Lanka, Brian Kerkoven, is ‘Jeep Safari and Sunset at the Desert.’

And … the all-important day at Miss Intercontinental 2025 is next Thursday, 29th January.

Well, good luck to Hansana.

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