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Dark side of the energy picture in Sri Lanka

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The “rural energy crisis” has been receiving increasing attention from development policy makers because it affects the very survival of the vast majority of the world’s population, who live in the rural areas of the developing countries, and is also deeply inter-linked with the whole concept of sustainable development. The linkages between rural energy and sustainable development, however, need to be understood in the overall context of the energy situation in the developing countries. This also falls extremely well with SDG 7 of Agenda 2030 as an essential and a vital strategy of achieving the same.

The key message for policymakers is: Give wood energy a fair chance in the energy mix of your country in order to make the world a more sustainable and more environmentally friendly place.

Deviating from the conventional classification of energy as fuel sources which hides many development issues ,the Sri Lanka energy demand can be identified as consisting broadly of two major groups of energy (1) Centralized Commercial Energy consisting of electricity, fossil fuels and commercial renewable energy sources (2) Decentralized non commercial energy consisting of mainly biomass and other indigenous energy resources.

According to Sustainable Energy Authority (SEA) data, the largest component of energy demand in Sri Lanka in 2018 is for biomass energy amounting to 46.2.followed by 41% petroleum and 12.3% electricity (energy balance 2018). Biomass is also the main source of energy in household and industry comprising of 64..9% and 74..7 % respectively which highlights its importance as the life blood of the rural sector comprising of 81% of the total population and the industrial sector.

It is evident that burden of meeting the energy needs of group 1 has been carried out not by the government but by the rural people themselves led by the women to secure the sustenance and the livelihoods of the rural people for which government has not shown any appreciation or any interest. The mundane fact is that 191.4 PJ of energy amounting to 46.2% of the energy mix has never been the concern of the energy sector planning. What matters should not be the type of the energy source or fuel but the energy service provided which are the heat, light, mechanical and digital energy requirements.

While the energy sector should be congratulated for achieving 100% electrification in Sri Lanka which is a remarkable achievement, the present portfolios of Ministries in the energy sector focus only on Petroleum, Power and Renewable Energy Solar, Wind and Hydro Power Generation Projects Development . The major source of noncommercial biomass is overlooked . It is also observed that the term energy has been violated by identifying petroleum under the ministry of energy which is a misnomer which can create contradictions in policy matters as the term energy is used to encompass all energy resources.

The energy sector has incurred Rs 699 billion in foreign exchange almost 32% of the export earnings and an enormous expenditure to maintain a strong organizational infrastructure to cater for the commercial energy needs while neglecting the non commercial energy needs of the rural and estate poor.

This trend of depending on biomass has prevailed through out the last four decades and considering the present inequality in income distribution, it is likely to continue since affordability of modern fuels for the poor will not be a reality in the near future. This is evident from the fact that 30% of poorest get nine percent, the middle 40% get 29% and the richest 30% get 62% of the government income(Central Bank 2017 data) . A World Bank study states, at today’s prices that world LPG prices, regular users of LPG would likely need monthly household income in excess of US$350 and require at least 15 USD/month.

The Role of Liquefied Petroleum Gas in Reducing Energy https://openknowledge.worldbank.org › )

Nevertheless, presently there is a lack of focus on biomass energy by the government particularly due to the need for heavy focus on modern fuels for development of the country In contrast the important role played by biomass energy for the subsistence and economic development in the rural sector is not visible due to the decentralized and noncommercial nature of uncoordinated informal activities consisting of large number of stakeholders in the non-energy sector with a multitude of objectives not directly related to energy per se. Biomass energy is really not produced by the energy sector but a by product of activities carried out by the forestry, agriculture and plantation sectors which is not their main objective thus making biomass no one’s baby.

It is observed that this complication of uncoordinated, informal relationships and lack of insensitivity of the government which have contributed towards lack of governance within the energy sector in Sri Lanka have further isolated the low income rural sector to find their own solutions for survival. Non-cognizance on low-cost, improved biomass solutions has led to a scenario where biomass energy is negatively perceived with detrimental effects on sustainable development. It is totally unwelcoming to see that there is no appropriate mechanism devoted to the management of indigenous energy resources which still serves as the energy backbone of Sri Lanka.

The negative image of biomass, tends to be associated with deforestation, climate change under-development,  poverty and negative health effects. This image steers policy makers towards the replacement  of   biomass by other fuels, instead of improving  sustainability of the sector with integrated and holistic approaches.

In spite of the focus on alternatives, it is unlikely that biomass use will decrease in absolute terms over the coming decades. There is no evidence to show that firewood use is contributory factor to deforestation. Main four reasons for deforestation in Sri Lanka are encroachments due to agriculture, gem mining and settlements, infrastructure development projects, commercial agriculture ventures and several localized drivers like cattle grazing, cardamom cultivation and forest fires. (Kariyawasam, Ravindra, and Chinthka Rajapakse).

However, despite of the fact that, firewood is underestimated and ridiculed as a primitive fuel, the use of firewood by a majority of the population of Sri Lanka has not deprived but contributed towards the wellbeing of Sri Lanka in achieving many development indicators in moderation compared to many middle income countries. For an example according to world rankings, Sri Lanka’s rankings are Human Development Index 71, health 48, social capital 33, prosperity 84 and education 62. Moreover, a female born in Sri Lanka can expect to live 80.1 years (despite using firewood for cooking ) as oppose to 79 years in America). Infant Deaths/1000 in Sri Lanka is six, where it is six in America and 27 in India .

In the name of good governance and justice it is high time that the Ministry of Power and Renewable Energy (Sustainable Energy Authority) take action to avoid a looming disaster in the near future due to the informal nature of biomass supply and use of biomass is allowed to continue without inputs from the government which not only create social instability also hamper the efforts of achieving sustainable development goals.

The scope for the government is to facilitate the availability of supply, provide low cost technology support for efficient use by improving access to ventilation and efficient use through improved stoves and mitigate negative impacts on health and climate as alleged by the international community. Nearly eight million tons of firewood is required annually for cooking and livelihoods and four million tons of firewood for the industrial sector. Each house would require nearly two tons/year. Meeting this target would require the coordination and integration of the various stakeholder activities already providing informal facilitation in unofficial ways.

Although negative perceptions of biomass energy are widespread, biomass is not necessarily an unsustainable or backward fuel. Sustainability depends on the practices applied in the value chain; for example forest management techniques and the efficiency of conversion and use. These commonly held misconceptions tend to associate biomass fuels with deforestation, indoor air pollution and underdevelopment.(European Union Energy Initiative and GIZ, Germany ). http://www.euei-pdf.org/fr/node/3880.

In the name of governance in the energy sector in Sri Lanka, the objective of this article is to request the Sustainable Energy Authority which has been given the mandate to promote renewable energy (not only commercial energy) to take the leadership and initiative to invite the relevant stakeholders, donors, NGOs for a consultative meeting with a view to identify stakeholders and cross cutting activities, linkages and capacity and make aware the importance of rural sustainable energy interventions which needs the formation of a network of organizations to be established under the local government ministry facilitated by the sustainable energy authority comprising of specially dedicated staff to biomass energy development.

R.M.Amerasekera. Eng

Executive Director, Integrated Development Association (IDEA)

Energy Advisor to Former Minister of Local Government Admiral Sarath Weerasekara

Project Manager, National Fuel Wood Conservation Programme

Electrical Engineer (Alternative Energy Development Unit, CEB)

Retired Director, Sustainable Energy Authority

Short term Consultant to the UNDP(Sudan), World Bank and FAO

Recipient of First Ever Sri Lanka Energy Efficiency Award(2015), Awarded by HE the President

for bringing sustainable energy solutions to people

Recipient of Mohan Munasingha Award (1985) for Energy Conservation Efforts

Nominee for World Clean Energy Award(2007)



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Newly appointed ADB Country Director to Sri Lanka and delegation meet PM

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The newly appointed Country Director of the Asian Development Bank for Sri Lanka Ms Shannon Cowlin and the accompanying delegation met with  Prime Minister Dr. Harini Amarasuriya on Tuesday [0th of February] at the Prime Minister’s office.

Welcoming the delegation, the Prime Minister extended congratulations to the newly appointed Country Director and acknowledged the long-standing partnership with the Asian Development Bank. The Prime Minister also expressed appreciation for ADB Bank’s continued engagement and support aligned with Sri Lanka’s national development priorities.

The Prime Minister also conveyed gratitude for the timely assistance extended by the ADB in response to Cyclone Ditwah, noting the importance of such support in mitigating the immediate impacts of natural disasters.

The ADB delegation reiterated its readiness to further assist Sri Lanka during the post-cyclone recovery phase, including rebuilding and reconstruction efforts, and emphasized its commitment to the supporting the education sector.

The meeting was attended by OIC / Deputy Director General, SARD Ms. Sona Shrestha, Ms. Cholpon Mambetova Country Operations Head of ADB Sri Lanka Mission Resident, Additional Secretary to the Prime Minister Ms. Sagarika Bogahawatta, Director General of the External Resource Department, Ministry of Finance  Samantha Bandara, Director for ADB Division in External Resource Department, Ministry of Finance Ranjith Gurusinghe.

[Prime Minister’s Media Division]

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‘Bad Bank,’ Big Stakes: Sri Lanka’s Rs. 300bn gamble on growth

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The top table at the SLCSMI press conference.

Sri Lanka’s small and medium enterprise (SME) sector—responsible for 52 percent of GDP and employing nearly half the national workforce—has become the next decisive test of the country’s fragile economic recovery.

A proposal to establish a Rs. 300 billion “Bad Bank” to absorb distressed SME loans now places policymakers at a crossroads: act boldly to revive credit and growth, or risk entrenching stagnation in the real economy.

The Sri Lanka Chamber of Small and Medium Industries (SLCSMI) on Tuesday told journalists that they had unveiled a detailed blueprint aimed at restructuring an estimated Rs. 460 billion in non-performing loans (NPLs), much of it concentrated among SMEs battered by successive shocks—from the Easter Sunday attacks and the pandemic to sovereign default and climate-related disruptions such as Cyclone Ditwah.

While headline indicators suggest macroeconomic stabilisation, including lower inflation, improved reserves and a profitable banking sector, credit transmission to smaller enterprises remains severely constrained, Chambers think tank pointed out.

“This is not about rewarding defaulters,” said SLCSMI President Prof. Rohan De Silva. “It is about protecting the productive backbone of the economy. If SMEs collapse, the consequences will extend far beyond individual balance sheets.”

Despite strong liquidity and a return to profitability in the banking system, thousands of SMEs remain blacklisted at the Credit Information Bureau (CRIB), unable to access fresh working capital.

The Chamber argues that unless distressed assets are separated from viable enterprises, banks will remain structurally risk-averse, prolonging the paralysis in private sector credit growth.

The proposed “Bad Bank” would function as a specialised rehabilitation vehicle, purchasing or warehousing toxic SME loans and granting viable firms a five-to-ten-year restructuring window, shielded from parate execution, to rebuild cash flows. Senior Vice President Colvin Fernando described the initiative as an economic circuit-breaker rather than a bailout. “These are not failed enterprises,” Fernando said.

He added:”They are businesses hit by extraordinary external shocks. Unless we ring-fence these distressed loans, credit transmission will remain paralysed.”

The concept draws on international precedents where asset management companies were deployed after systemic crises. Yet such mechanisms succeed only when governed by strict asset valuation discipline, professional management and insulation from political interference. Without these safeguards, they risk becoming vehicles for concealed subsidies or fiscal leakage.

The most contentious element of the Chamber’s proposal lies in its funding model. It calls for a hybrid structure combining low-cost international financing, a levy on commercial bank profits and the utilisation of unutilised balances from the Employees’ Provident Fund (EPF) and Employees’ Trust Fund (ETF).

Prof. De Silva argues that the banking sector, having restored profitability partly through elevated interest margins during the crisis years, has both the capacity and systemic responsibility to contribute. “The banking system has returned to strong profitability,” he said. “A structured contribution toward SME rehabilitation is not punitive—it is an investment in systemic stability.”

The suggested mobilisation of pension fund balances, however, is likely to provoke scrutiny over governance and fiduciary safeguards, while a levy on bank profits may raise investor sensitivity in a sector that has only recently regained confidence.

Fernando acknowledged the risks, emphasising that transparency and strict eligibility criteria would be essential. “This must be professionally managed, transparent and focused strictly on viable enterprises. Without discipline and accountability, the entire purpose would be defeated,” he cautioned.

Adding urgency to the debate is the Government’s decision to lower the VAT registration threshold to Rs. 36 million annually from April 1, 2026, drawing more small firms into the tax net. The Chamber warns that tightening tax compliance while credit remains restricted could create a double squeeze. “You cannot increase tax burdens and restrict financing simultaneously without economic consequences,” Prof. De Silva observed, describing the timing as highly sensitive.

Immediate Past President Mohideen Cader underscored the scale of the stakes. With SMEs contributing 52 percent to GDP and already under severe strain, he warned that inaction would result in irreversible economic scarring.

The macroeconomic logic is clear: without restoring SME balance sheets, private investment and employment growth are unlikely to regain momentum. Yet the countervailing risk is equally apparent. A poorly designed vehicle could create moral hazard, transfer private losses onto public shoulders and introduce new contingent liabilities into an economy still emerging from sovereign default.

Sri Lanka’s IMF-backed reform programme has so far focused on fiscal consolidation and debt sustainability. The SME “Bad Bank” proposal introduces a more complex phase in the recovery narrative—one that shifts attention from stabilisation to growth. The question confronting policymakers is whether the economy can sustain recovery without unclogging the credit arteries that feed its most labour-intensive sector.

The Rs. 300 billion proposal is, in essence, a calculated gamble that repairing SME balance sheets will unlock lending, revive investment and restore economic momentum. If executed with rigour, transparency and independence, it could serve as a bridge from crisis management to expansion. If mishandled, it risks deepening vulnerabilities in a system that has only recently regained its footing. For an economy seeking to move beyond stabilisation, the stakes could hardly be higher.

By Ifham Nizam

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The all-new Nissan Almera has arrived

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From left: Raghunath Nair, Head of Nissan South Asia Business Unit, Jawahar Ganesh, Managing Director, AMW and Prasanna De Silva, Director Sales AMW, at the official unveiling of the Nissan Almera at the Nissan Showroom, Union Place, Colombo.

Associated Motorways (Private) Limited (AMW), a stalwart of Sri Lanka’s automotive industry, officially unveiled the all-new Nissan Almera on February 7th, 2026. The launch, held at the Nissan Showroom in Union Place, signaled a bold step forward in providing ‘market-relevant mobility solutions’ to a dicerning local audience.

Addressing the gathering, Jawahar Ganesh, Group Managing Director of AMW, highlighted the strategic engineering behind the new model.

“The all-new Nissan Almera has been thoughtfully engineered to deliver what today’s Sri Lankan customer truly values: efficiency, safety, comfort, and intelligent design,” Ganesh stated.

He further emphasised that AMW’s leadership, backed by the global expertise of the Al-Futtaim Group, remains committed to bringing world-class standards to the local market.

Echoing this sentiment, Atul Aggarwal, Director Aftersales and South Asia Business Unit for Nissan Motor Corporation, noted that the Almera is designed to offer the ‘Nissan Peace of Mind.’ He expressed confidence that the sedan would replicate the massive market success recently seen by the Nissan Magnite.

The Almera is powered by the unique HRA0 1.0-litre Turbo engine, producing 100 hp and 152 Nm of torque. This ‘flat torque’ setup ensures responsive acceleration for city driving and confident overtaking on highways. To bolster fuel economy, it features an Idling Stop system.

Inside, the cabin prioritises the “human element” with:

Quole Modure Seats: Innovative materials that reflect heat, keeping the cabin cool in the tropical sun.

Zero Gravity Seats: Ergonomically designed to reduce fatigue during long commutes.

360-degree Safety Shield: A comprehensive suite including an Around View Monitor, Blind Spot Warning, and Lane Departure Warning.

With immediate stock availability and flexible financing via AMW Capital Leasing, the Almera is positioned as the premier choice for professionals and families seeking a smart, refined, and safe driving experience.

Although AMW did not announce pricing at the event, sources told The Island Financial Review that the new sedan will retail in the LKR 12.5–13 million range. Early birds are in for a win, too, with an encouraging discount reserved for the first 100 buyers.

Notably, the event was a departure from typically lengthy automotive launches, the Almera ceremony was a masterclass in simplicity. The entire event concluded in just twenty minutes – comprising a 15-minute preamble and speeches, followed by a five-minute ceremonial reveal as the Almera glided into the auditorium.

Participants described the event as ‘short and sweet,’ a sentiment that aligned perfectly with the ‘C-word’ emphasised by Jawahar Ganesh, Group Managing Director of AMW about the Nissan brand: Credibility.

By Sanath Nanayakkare

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