Features
A serpent resurrected: Rediscovery of Cope’s Rough-sided snake

By Ifham Nizam
For nearly a century, the Cope’s Rough-sided Snake (Aspidura copei) seemed to have vanished from the face of the earth. Last seen in the early 20th century, this elusive reptile was feared extinct, a casualty of habitat loss and human encroachment. However, a recent discovery has brought hope to conservationists and herpetologists alike.
The rediscovery of A. copei is a significant milestone in the field of herpetology. This species is one of the rarest members of its genus, with a narrow distribution and limited sightings. Its unique physical characteristics, including its distinctive coloration and keeled scales, make it a fascinating subject of study.
The researchers found that A. copei prefers habitats with dense canopy cover and cooler temperatures. They also observed that the species is threatened by habitat loss, deforestation, and human activities.
The scientific research team comprises of Anusha Atthanagoda of Ministry of Public Administration, Sajith Kumara of Kumbukawaththa, Gonapala, Dr. Anslem de Silva of the Amphibia and Reptile Research Organization, Buddhika Madurapperuma of the Department of Botany, The Open University of Sri Lanka, Majintha Madawala of the Victorian Herpetological Society, Australia and Suranjan Karunarathna of the Nature Explorations & Education Team.
Karunarathna, a member of the research team, shared with The Island that while the genus Aspidura includes nine species, A. copei stands out as one of the rarest. “Species-level molecular phylogenetic analyses have confirmed that all species within this genus are distinct,” said Karunarathna. However, he added: “A. copei has the narrowest distribution and is known from just 10 localities in the island’s submontane forests.”

Aspidura copei from Haldummulla, Sri Lanka (note dark blotches on the dorsum). Photos by Anusha Atthanagoda
A Rare Jewel of Sri Lanka’s Forests
First described in 1864 by Albert Günther, A. copei has remained largely a mystery. The original specimen, held at London’s Natural History Museum, lacked precise location data, but over the years, researchers have managed to identify several other specimens in international museum collections. “Despite extensive research, the snake remains elusive and difficult to study in its natural habitat.”
What makes A. copei particularly fascinating is its adaptability to a burrowing lifestyle. With a pointed snout and subcylindrical body, this snake thrives in dense, humid forests where it hunts for earthworms and small insects. Unlike its more widely distributed relatives, A. copei seems to be tied to the moist, high-elevation habitats of Sri Lanka’s central wet zone.
According to the MaxEnt Model predictions, the species is best suited to the tropical submontane and montane forests of South Central Sri Lanka. This fragile ecosystem, rich in biodiversity, is one of the last refuges for many of the island’s endemic species.
Habitat Loss and Fragmentation
However, these forests are under severe threat. The expansion of tea plantations, coupled with human settlements, has led to significant habitat degradation, fragmentation, and loss. “We observed many threats during our study, from tea land expansion to the development of human settlements,” said Karunarathna.
The researchers fear that these pressures could push A. copei and other species to the brink of extinction. Already confined to a few isolated localities, any further encroachment on its habitat could have devastating consequences.
Guardians of the Ecosystem
The genus Aspidura, commonly known as rough-sided snakes due to the keeled scales along their bodies, represents an ancient lineage within the snake subfamily Natricinae. These snakes, while small and often overlooked, play an essential role in maintaining the health of forest ecosystems. They help control insect populations and contribute to the overall balance of the food web.
Their diminutive size—ranging from 150 to 700 mm—belies their ecological importance. “They are often found in areas with humus-rich soil and moist conditions, even in the lowlands,” said Dr. Anslem de Silva, one of the study’s co-authors. “But they seem to thrive in the wet montane zones, which are increasingly under threat.”
Species like A. copei act as indicator species, meaning their health reflects the state of their environment. A decline in their population could signal broader ecological issues, such as declining forest health or increasing environmental degradation.

Map 1:The current distribution of Aspidura copeiin Sri Lanka, (A). Avissawella, (B). Balangoda, (C). Dickoya, (D). Dimbulla, (E). Gongala, (F). Haldummulla, (G). Loolkandura, (H). Pundaluoya, (I). Sripadha, and (J). Suriyakanda in the left side, and MaxEnt-predicted potential suitable habitats for the Species in Sri Lanka in the right side. Map 2: Response curves (red line) and their standard deviations (blue shade) showing the effects of (A) elevation, (B) precipitation of the warmest quarter (bio18), (C) temperature seasonality (bio14), (D) precipitation seasonality (bio15), (E) Max temperature of warmest month (bio5), and (F) mean temperature of driest quarter (bio9) on the predicted habitat suitability for Aspidura copeiin Sri Lanka.
Conservation Urgency
With Sri Lanka’s wet and montane forests under continuous threat, the conservation of species like Aspidura copei has never been more critical. Protecting their habitat would not only safeguard this unique snake but also ensure the preservation of a rich biodiversity that depends on these forests.
The research team hopes that their findings will raise awareness about the plight of this rare species. They are calling for immediate conservation action, including the protection of remaining forest patches and the implementation of sustainable land-use practices.
As Sri Lanka grapples with balancing development and conservation, the fate of species like A. copei hangs in the balance. For now, this elusive snake remains hidden in the shadows of the Sri Lanka’s last remaining forests, a silent reminder of the fragility of the natural world.
Conservation Efforts
The rediscovery of the Cope’s Rough-sided Snake highlights the importance of conservation efforts in Sri Lanka. Protecting the country’s remaining forests is crucial for the survival of this and other endangered species.
The researchers are calling for the establishment of conservation initiatives to safeguard the habitats of A. copei. They also emphasise the need for public awareness campaigns to educate people about the importance of protecting reptiles and their ecosystems.
The rediscovery of the Cope’s Rough-sided Snake is a testament to the resilience of nature. It serves as a reminder that even the most elusive species can be brought back from the brink of extinction with concerted conservation efforts.
Features
‘Silent Majority’ abandoned to Long-suffering in regional conflicts

With reports emerging that India has attacked some ‘sites’ in Pakistan and Pakistan-administered Kashmir, the question could be posed whether the stage has just been set for yet another costly India-Pakistan military conflict. Sensible opinion in South Asia could only hope that wise counsel would sooner rather than later come to prevail on both sides of the divide and that they would draw back from the brink of full-scale war.
The states concerned ought to know fully well the possible wide-ranging weighty consequences of another regional conflict. It should be plain to see that it would benefit none in the two theatres of confrontation, most particularly the relevant publics or the ‘Silent Majority’.
In fact, in connection with the mentioned initial military attacks, the Pakistani side has gone on record that some civilian lives have been lost. Such losses could burgeon in the event of full scale hostilities. These costs could of course be staggering and unimaginable in the event the nuclear option is resorted to by the sides, going forward.
Accordingly, the hope of the peace-loving world-wide is likely to be that India and Pakistan would give negotiations a chance and resolve their differences peacefully. It would be in the best interests of the world for the champions of peace to join their voices to that of UN chief Antonio Guterres and call on the sides to negotiate an end to their differences.
The utter helplessness and misery of the people of the Gaza ought to drive home afresh the horrors of war. Currently the news is that the Gazans are literally starving to death. Food and other essentials provided by UN agencies are reportedly being prevented by Israel from getting to the hapless people of Gaza. So dire is their situation that concerned quarters are calling on the compassionate worldwide to provide the Gazans with food, water and other essentials voluntarily. This SOS would need to be heeded forthwith.
Accordingly, it could be inferred that most formal arrangements, including those that are generally under the purview of the UN, geared to providing emergency humanitarian assistance to the needy, have, for all intents and purposes, been rendered ineffective in the Gaza. The UN cannot be faulted for this state of things; rather, Israel should be held accountable in the main for it.
The matter of accountability is central to the dramatic slide into lawlessness the world has been experiencing over the past few decades. As could be seen, International Law is no longer fully applicable in the conflict and war zones of the world because it is not being adhered to by many state and non-state aggressors. That the UN is hapless in the face of such lawlessness is plain to see.
We have of course the Middle East wherein International Law has fallen silent for quite a while. How could it be otherwise, when Israeli aggressions are being winked at by the US, for which the policy of backing Israel is almost sacrosanct?
Moreover, under President Donald Trump, it is difficult to see the US changing policy course on the Middle East. Trump made vague promises of bringing peace to the region in the run-up to his reelection but has done nothing concrete by way of peace-making. Consequently, complete lawlessness prevails in the Middle East. US policy towards Israel counts as another example of how the self- interest of US central administrations blinds them to their international obligations, in this case Middle East peace.
However, the commentator could be criticized as being biased if he holds only Israel responsible for what has befallen the Middle East. It has been the position of this columnist that Israel’s security needs should be taken cognizance of by its state and non-state adversaries in the Middle East and acted upon if the basis is to be laid for a durable Middle East peace. Inasmuch as Palestinian statehood must be guaranteed, the same should be seen as applicable to Israel. The latter too enjoys the right to live in a secure state of its own, unopposed by its neighbours.
The Ukraine of today is also sad testimony to the ill consequences of powerful, aggressor states wantonly disregarding International Law and its obligations. Nothing could justify Russia in invading Ukraine and subjecting it to a condition of Longsuffering. Clearly, Ukraine’s sovereignty has been violated and such excesses go to the heart of the current state of ‘International Disorder’. Of course the same stricture applies to the US in relation to its military misadventures in Afghanistan and Iraq, to name just two such modern examples.
There is no ducking the fact, then, that civilian publics in the mentioned theatres of war and outside, are being subjected to the worst suffering as a consequence of the big powers’ self-aggrandizement schemes and military misadventures. Longsuffering becomes the tragic lot of the people who have nothing to do with such unbridled power ambitions.
One would not be exaggerating the case if he states that civilian publics count for almost nothing in the present ‘International Disorder’. Increasingly it is becoming evident that from the viewpoint of the big powers and authoritarian governments the people are of little or no importance. Considering that self-aggrandizement is of the paramount interest for the former the public interest is coming to be seen as inconsequential.
Consequently, not much of a case could be made currently for the once almost reverentially spoken of ‘Social Contract’. For, the public interest does not count for much in the scrambles for power among the major powers who are seen at the popular level as the principal history-makers.
It is in view of the above that much is expected of India. Today the latter is a ‘Swing State’ of the first importance. Besides being a major democracy, it is one of the world’s principal economic and military powers. It possesses abundant potential to help to put things right in international politics. If there is one state in Asia that could help in restoring respect for International Law, it is India.
Considering the above, India, one believes, is obliged to bear the responsibility of keeping South Asia free of any more long-running, wasting wars that could aggravate the material hardships and socio-economic blights of the region. Thus, India would need to consider it imperative to negotiating peace with Pakistan.
Features
Memorable happening … Down Under

Under the Global-Ise Australia Advanced Sports Development Programme, a delegation of 15 swimmers from Lyceum International School, Wattala, had the remarkable opportunity to train and experience high-performance sports development in Melbourne, Australia.
The 10-day programme was carefully curated to offer intensive training, educational exposure, and cultural experiences for the young athletes.
The swimmers underwent specialised training through Swimming Victoria’s elite programme, held at some of Melbourne’s premier aquatic facilities.

Visit to Victorian Parliament
Each day began as early as 5:00 a.m. and continued until 7:00 p.m., ensuring a rigorous and enriching schedule that mirrored the standards of international competitive swimming.
Beyond training, the programme offered a wide array of experiences to broaden the students’ horizons.

Morning training
The tour group explored iconic landmarks such as the Victorian Parliament and the Melbourne Cricket Ground (MCG), and enjoyed shopping at Chadstone – The Fashion Capital. They also experienced the natural beauty of Victoria with visits to Yarra Valley Chocolaterie & Ice Creamery, and Cardinia Reservoir Park, where they observed kangaroos in their natural habitat.
An academic highlight of the tour was the group’s exclusive visits to three of Australia’s leading universities: the University of Melbourne, Monash University, and Deakin University. These visits aimed to inspire students and showcase the vast educational opportunities available in Australia.

Checking out the scene at Yarra Valley Chocolaterie & Ice Creamery
As part of the cultural immersion, Global-Ise hosted a traditional Australian BBQ at the Tim Neville Arboretum in Ferntree Gully. The students also enjoyed a variety of diverse culinary experiences each evening, further enriching their understanding of local and international food cultures.
The tour concluded with a celebratory dinner at the Spicy Wicket Restaurant, where each participant received a presentation in recognition of their involvement.

Enjoying an Aussie BBQ for lunch
The evening was made especially memorable by the presence of Pradeepa Saram, Consul General of Sri Lanka in Victoria.
Global-Ise Management—Ken Jacobs, Johann Jayasinha, and Dr Luckmika Perera (Consultant from the University of Melbourne)—did a magnificent job in planning and the execution of the advanced sports programme.

Coaches from Sri Lanka presenting a plaque to Global-Ise Management team
Ken Jacobs (centre), Johann Jayasinha, and Dr Luckmika Perera (on the right
Features
Bright, Smooth Skin

Hi! How’s the beauty scene keeping with you?
Phew, this heat is awful but there is nothing that we can do about it.
However, there are ways and means to take care of your skin and I will do my best to help you in every way I can.
Well, this week, let’s go for a Bright, Smooth Skin.
Gram flour (also known as besan) is a traditional skincare ingredient known for its:
* Natural exfoliating properties.
* Ability to absorb excess oil.
* Gentle brightening and tan-removal effects.
* Suitability for all skin types, especially oily and acne-prone skin.
You will need 01–02 tablespoons gram flour (besan) and rose water, or raw milk, to make a paste.
You could add the following two as optional add-ins: A pinch of turmeric (for extra glow), and a few drops of lemon juice (for oily skin and pigmentation)
Add the gram flour to a small bowl and mix in the rose water (for oily/sensitive skin) or raw milk (for dry skin) slowly.
Stir well to make a smooth, spreadable paste—not too thick, not too runny.
Now apply this mixture, evenly, to your damp face and neck, and let it sit for 5–10 minutes (don’t let it dry completely if you have dry skin).
Gently massage in circular motions using wet fingers—this helps exfoliate.
Rinse off with lukewarm water, and then pat your skin dry.
Use it 02–03 times a week for best results.
Skin Benefits:
* Removes dirt, sweat, and oil without stripping natural moisture.
* Gently exfoliates dead skin cells, revealing smoother skin.
* Brightens the complexion and fades mild tanning.
* Helps clear clogged pores and reduce pimples.
* Leaves skin fresh and glowing—perfect for humid climates.
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