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A pervasive threat to biodiversity and human security

Bio Piracy:
Indigenous knowledge is important for ecological, economic and social sustainability. However, the instruments of ‘Intellectual Property Rights’ (IPRs) have overridden the authority of local communities to use traditional and indigenous knowledge in biosphere. In spite of the fact that indigenous knowledge is critical for societal advancement, the patenting rights deny local communities the use of this knowledge. Striping the ownership of the traditional knowledge and vesting them with private entities, mostly in developed countries, to exploit biological resources for profit is bio piracy.
The patenting system of biological resources prevents developing countries from the use of their very knowledge freely that they owned for generations. At the same time, they are forced to purchase the very products developed by stealing their own knowledge at a high cost. The patenting system creates a monopoly of biological resources and thrusts its ownership with the corporate interests of the powerful. It is a blatant form of exploitation of indigenous and traditional knowledge. The Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) Agreement of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 1995 provided a license, giving impetus to bio piracy.
Biodiversity in developing countries is the main casualty of bio piracy. Biodiversity entails a wide variety of ecosystems and living organisms: animals, plants, their habitats and their genes. Bio piracy has many negative effects on biodiversity such as extinction of endemic living organisms, depletion of biodiversity and privatization of treasures of the country while there is an economic impact in terms of deprivation of long-term benefits. Impact of bio piracy on cultural and social life of the communities is enormous as monopoly over seeds and medicines poses a threat to farmers and their livelihoods.
Bio piracy is a main source of threat as far as human security is concerned. It directly affects food security. If not addressed systematically on time, there will be a phenomenon of reverse technology transfer in developing countries that will make bio piracy a serious issue, having profound implications on many aspects of human security.
Against this backdrop, the Regional Centre for Strategic Studies (RCSS) has decided to have its next webinar on the topic “Bio Piracy: Threat to Biodiversity and Human Security”. Three world renowned Sri Lankan scholars: Prof. Siril Wijesundara, Research Professor (Plant Taxonomy and Conservation) at National Institute of Fundamental Studies and Former Director General at the Department of National Botanic Gardens, Peradeniya; Prof. Veranja Karunarathne, Senior Professor, Department of Chemistry, University of Peradeniya and Former Vice Chancellor of SLINTEC ACADEMY, Homagama; and Prof. Sarath Kotagama, Professor Emeritus, Department of Zoology and Environment Science, University of Colombo, will be speaking at the webinar. RCSS has also invited Dr. Jagath Gunawardena an expert on Environmental Laws, and team member at the Environmental Foundation Ltd. Sri Lanka. Prof. Gamini Keerawella, Professor Emeritus, Department of History, University of Peradeniya and the Executive Director of Regional Centre for Strategic Studies will moderate the webinar. This virtual event will take place on Thursday 25th March 2021 at 3.00 PM, India Standard Time.
News
COPE discovers fake documents covering drug imports in 2022/23

The Parliamentary watchdog Committee on Public Enterprises (COPE) has found that there were fake documents regarding the importing of medicines under the emergency procurement system in 2022 and 2023.
This was revealed during a COPE meeting held at Parliament probing the transactions of the National Medicine Regulatory Authority (NMRA).
NMRA CEO Saveen Semage told the committee that several fake documents have been found due to the lack of registration of medicines.
Stating that six such fake documents were found last year alone, Semage said he had recorded statements regarding each of the documents with the Financial Crimes Investigation Division.
He revealed that, however, no investigations have been conducted yet into the incidents.
“We have documents with confessions from a woman accepting that fake documents had been made. However, a statement has not even been recorded from that woman yet,” he said.
Meanwhile, COPE member MP Asitha Niroshana Egoda Vithana also revealed that the highest number of waive-off registrations (WOR) for medicines had been obtained in 2022 and 2023.
He said 656 such WORs had been obtained in 2022 and 261 in 2023, adding that this proves that discrepancies have taken place during the emergency procurement of medicines during these periods.
Furthermore, Deputy Director General of the Medical Supplies Division of the Health Ministry, Dr. G. Wijesuriya said discussions are underway on allowing the State Pharmaceutical Corporation (SPC) to directly import essential medicines.He pointed out that it was essential to take a policy decision in this regard as a solution to mitigate such discrepancies.
News
Batalanda report tabled in parliament, forwarded to AG

The Batalanda Commission report was tabled in Parliament on Friday by the Leader of the House and Transport Minister, Bimal Ratnayake.
Minister Ratnayake announced that the government has decided to forward the report to the Attorney General for legal advice. Additionally, a Presidential Committee will be appointed to provide guidance and recommendations on how to proceed with the findings of the report.
Ratnayake said that the Cabinet of Ministers, along with President Anura Kumara Dissanayake, has made a policy decision to take necessary action in response to the report. He reassured the public that steps are being taken to ensure that such a dark chapter in the country’s history is never repeated.
Minister Ratnayake said that a two-day debate on the Batalanda Commission report will be scheduled in Parliament at an appropriate time, allowing for a detailed discussion on the report’s findings and recommendations.
The report, which will be printed in all three official languages—Sinhala, Tamil, and English—will be made available to the public in the near future. Ratnayake confirmed that printed copies would be provided to members of Parliament as well as the general public for their review.
The Leader of the House further revealed that there are 28 evidence volumes associated with the commission’s work, which will be submitted to Parliament at a later date for further scrutiny.
Ratnayake said that as entire country concerned of the Batalanda Commission’s findings, the government’s commitment to addressing the issues raised and preventing future atrocities stands clear. The next steps, including legal action and policy recommendations, will be shaped by expert advice and informed parliamentary discussions, he said.
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CB Governor stresses need to assist crisis-hit construction industry

Governor of the Central Bank Dr. Nandalal Weerasinghe on Friday (14) emphasized the importance of promoting a sustainable and cost-effective construction industry in the country, highlighting key challenges and opportunities in the sector.
Speaking at ‘Construction Expo 2025’, Dr. Weerasinghe underscored the need for Sri Lanka to align with global trends in sustainable construction, integrating cost-effective energy solutions and eco-friendly building practices.
“I must say my views here are not necessarily as Governor of the Central Bank of Sri Lanka, but as a person looking at this construction industry and how this can be developed and what the issues are. Sustainability in construction is essential, not just for new projects but also for existing buildings,” he noted.
Dr. Weerasinghe acknowledged that the construction sector has been one of the hardest-hit industries due to multiple economic pressures in recent years including the decline in public investments, high material costs and the industry being dependent on government projects.
The CBSL Governor, who acknowledged that the government faced fiscal constraints, limiting infrastructure spending and delaying payments to contractors, said that however, the outstanding arrears had now been settled.
“Government did not have space to spend money for public investment, especially construction that had a significant impact on the industry in the last couple of years, plus the government inability to pay the arrears for a long period. That was an issue we all recognize that has been one of the adverse impacts the industry had in the past”, he expressed.
“Also the cost of materials went up significantly, partly because of foreign exchange shortages. As a result, the shortage had shot up the prices of construction materials, as well as depreciation of the currency, high interest rates, finance costs, and other factors. We all recognize that it had an adverse impact on the industry. It’s one of the worst affected industries because of all these factors.”
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