Business
A Lost Development Opportunity: Regional integration to empower Sri Lankan women
Dr Lakmini Fernando is a Research Fellow at IPS with primary research interests in Development Economics, Public Finance and Climate Change. She has expertise in econometric data analysis, research design and causal methodologies. Dr Fernando holds a BSc in Agriculture from the University of Peradeniya, a Master of Development Economics (Advanced) from the University of Queensland, Australia and a PhD in Economics from the University of Adelaide, Australia.
Sulochana Silva is a Research Assistant at the Institute of Policy Studies of Sri Lanka (IPS). She holds a BSc (Hons) in Agricultural Technology and Management specialising in Applied Economics and Business Management from the University of Peradeniya. Her research interests are agriculture policies and institutions, environment and natural resource policies, food security and climate change.
By Dr Lakmini Fernando and Sulochana Silva
On average, women are paid approximately 20% less than men in Sri Lanka.
South Asia will take 149 years to achieve full gender parity, while this is 67 and 95 years for Europe and North America, respectively.
Providing equal employment opportunities for men and women can enable South Asia to enhance incomes by 25%.
An IPS study highlights the limited success of regional integration in stimulating growth and reducing gender inequality in South Asia and offers a set of recommendations for more gender-sensitive policy reforms across sectors.
Inequality results in adverse economic, social and political consequences. Unlike the advanced economies, improvements in education, fertility and incomes have not been able to enhance women’s labour force participation in Sri Lanka. Gender equality is a shared vision for social justice. Thus, addressing gender inequality is crucial to achieve stronger and more sustainable development. While regional integration is seen as a potential development strategy to promote inclusive and sustainable growth and efforts toward women’s economic empowerment, gender equality tends to be sidelined in such discussions. Thus, identifying and implementing the right policy mix for meaningful regional integration is vital in creating gender inclusive sustainable growth.
The Impact of Greater Economic Opportunities for Women
Greater economic opportunities for women create a domino effect. In South Asia, equal employment opportunities for men and women are estimated to enhance incomes by 25%, including increased intraregional trade of USD 44 billion. Yet, despite the improvements in education and health outcomes, low women’s economic participation remains a critical development challenge for developing economies including South Asia. In 2021, female labour force participation was 22% and 32% for South Asia and Sri Lanka, respectively, while all other regions except the Middle East and North Africa (18%) recorded more than 50% participation. Also, a gender wage gap of 24% indicates that on average, women are paid approximately 20% less than men in Sri Lanka. To achieve gender parity, South Asia will take 149 years, while this is 67 and 95 years for Europe and North America, respectively.
Regional Integration: Current Challenges and Opportunities
Unlike South Asia, other regions like East Asia, Europe and North America are harnessing the potential benefits of regional integration by developing strong relationships with their neighbours. Intraregional trade accounts for 50% of total trade in East Asia and 22% in Sub-Saharan Africa, but only 5% in South Asia. Intraregional trade as a share of regional gross domestic product (GDP) is only 1% in South Asia while it is 2.6% and 11% in Sub-Saharan Africa and East Asia and the Pacific, respectively.
South Asian regional integration has been restricted mainly by high tariff and non-tariff measures, lack of trust and political will, weak policy implementation and poor infrastructure. Although the impacts are asymmetric, deeper regional integration benefits any country. Consumers gain access to cheaper goods and services; producers and exporters gain access to inputs, investment and production networks; and firms gain market access for goods and services.
Reforming Stagnating Dimensions of Regional Integration Toward Gender Inclusive Growth
To promote gender-inclusive growth, a recent IPS study shows that it is essential to improve the stagnating dimensions of regional integration. This process is complex and varies by country due to its multidimensional nature. There are six key dimensions: trade and investment, movement of capital, regional value chains, infrastructure and connectivity, people’s mobility and legal and institutional basis for international policy cooperation.
Evenly distributed dimensions lead to better regional integration and higher women’s economic participation. With the most evenly distributed dimensions, the EU is recognised as the most advanced and consistent in regional integration with more than 50% women’s economic participation.
In contrast, South Asia’s significantly uneven dimensional distribution makes it one of the least integrated and lowest women’s economic participating regions in the world. South Asia focuses more on infrastructure and connectivity and movement of people and less on money and finance. Similarly, Sri Lanka’s regional integration is impacted heavily by infrastructure and connectivity and this is no surprise as nearly 60% of public investment has been allocated to infrastructure development in the last few decades.
(To be Continued)
Business
New policy framework for stock market deposits seen as a boon for companies
The government’s new policy framework to allocate a maximum interest rate for stock market deposits would pave the way for companies and investors to plan their future business activities, a senior stockbroker said.
‘Accordingly, the Colombo Stock Exchange (CSE) has entered a period of strong revival, supported by economic stabilization and rising investor confidence while significant market reforms would support the new policy framework on interest, Assistant Vice President Softlogic Stockbrokers, Eardly Kern, told The Island Financial Review.
He said that the imposition of maximum interest rates for stock market deposits would prevent the interest rates from moving upwards, thus paving the way for investors to invest in stocks with a lot of confidence.
Kern added: ‘The CSE outlook would provide expanding opportunities for investors as Sri Lanka positions itself for market-led investor platforms.
‘Improving macro fundamentals, such as lower interest rates, rising corporate earnings and historically attractive valuations, have been key catalysts in driving investment into the equities market.
‘These tailwinds, together with ongoing economic reforms, have helped re-establish confidence among both local and foreign investors.
‘Over the past two years, the number of CDS accounts has surpassed 949,000, with digital on-boarding through the CSE mobile app driving the latest surge.
‘Further, foreign inflows for 2024 amounted to USD 66.5 million, while Rs 175 billion was raised through capital market activity, including 16 new listings. With a target of 20 IPOs on the horizon, the CSE anticipates several new companies entering the market by early 2026.
‘The All Share Price Index (ASPI) delivered an impressive 49.7 percent return in 2024, ranking the CSE as the second-best performing market in Asia for the year. By November 2025, the index had risen a further 45.65 percent amounting to an extraordinary two-year return of approximately 95 percent.
‘The S&P SL20 Index recorded a parallel recovery, gaining 58.5 percent in 2024 and 31.84 percent so far in 2025.
‘ Despite the rally, the CSE continues to trade below its 10-year average PER and valuations remain significantly more attractive than in regional markets, such as, India, Malaysia, Vietnam, and China.
‘ Turnover has surged to Rs 1.06 trillion in 2025 (as of mid-November), nearly doubling the figure recorded in 2024. Market capitalization grew 34 percent n 2024, despite only around 40,000 active investors capturing most of the gains—highlighting the potential for broader participation.
‘ Corporate earnings have also strengthened markedly. After generating Rs 686 billion in earnings during 2024—a 50% year-on-year increase—listed entities are projected to deliver between Rs 775–800 billion in 2025. Earnings for the first half of 2025 have already grown 57 percent year-on-year.’
By Hiran H Senewiratne
Business
Dialog reinforces commitment to heritage through Kelaniya Duruthu Festival
Dialog Axiata PLC, Sri Lanka’s #1 connectivity provider, has reinforced its enduring commitment to preserving national culture by sponsoring the Kelaniya Duruthu Festival, aligning long standing patronage with purposeful community engagement to honour religious heritage, support cultural continuity, and strengthen shared values.
The annual Kelaniya Duruthu Festival, one of Sri Lanka’s most significant religious and cultural observances, was held on 8th, 9th and 11th January 2026, marking a congregation of thousands of devotees and visitors at the historic Kelaniya Raja Maha Vihara. As a long-term patron, Dialog continues to provide sponsorship support, enabling the seamless organisation of the festival while uplifting traditions deeply rooted in the nation’s cultural identity.
Through its continued support of the Kelaniya Duruthu Festival, Dialog underscores its role as a responsible corporate citizen dedicated to safeguarding Sri Lanka’s cultural and religious heritage for future generations. This commitment is further reflected in Dialog’s long-term patronage of national events such as the Kandy Esala Perahara, Nawam Maha Perahara at Gangaramaya, Katharagama Esala Perahara and Gatabaru Esala Perahara. Complementing these efforts, Dialog has also undertaken heritage preservation initiatives including the construction of the vestibule at Dimbulagala Aranya Senasanaya, the launch of a website and directory of Amarapura Maha Nikaya Temples, and the restoration of the Anuradhapura Maha Vihara Sannipatha Shalawa.
Business
Sri Lanka launches its first-ever Smart Bus Ticketing System
A National Breakthrough in Public Transport Digitalization Powered by Ceylon Business Appliances with Nimbus Ventures.
Sri Lanka has taken a historic step forward with the launch of its first Smart Bus Ticketing System, enabling passengers to pay fares using contactless cards, digital wallets, and QR payments. This advancement places the country among global leaders in smart mobility.
The initiative was made possible through collaboration with the Government of Sri Lanka, leading banking partners, and the technology leadership of Ceylon Business Appliances (CBA) and Nimbus Ventures, who serve as the Technology, Software, Hardware, and Operational Partners behind the nation’s first Open Loop Transit Payment System.
For decades, CBA has been at the forefront of Sri Lanka’s digital transformation efforts—bringing modern, global-standard technologies that have strengthened the nation’s digital infrastructure.
Speaking to the media at the launch, Sardha Fernando, Managing Director of CBA, stated:
“This is not just a ticketing upgrade—it is a complete digital evolution of public transport in Sri Lanka. For years, CBA has been committed to introducing advanced technologies to the country, and today, we are proud to bring a globally recognized, secure, and seamless smart transit solution to our people. With every tap, we are enabling convenience, transparency, and a more connected future for all Sri Lankans.”
He added:
“This milestone reflects our ongoing mission: to help build a digitally empowered Sri Lanka that is ready to embrace the technologies shaping the world.”
‘Ruwath Fernando, CEO/Director of CBA, highlighted:
“This project demonstrates that Sri Lanka is ready to adopt and operate on par with global smart mobility technologies. Our commitment has always been to bring the world’s best software systems and innovations into Sri Lanka—solutions that are secure, scalable, and built to international standards.”
He continued:
“By introducing a state-of-the-art open-loop transit payment platform, we are proving that Sri Lanka can not only embrace but also successfully operate advanced digital ecosystems. This is a defining moment in positioning the country as a technology-proof nation prepared to trial and adopt global digital advancements.”
CBA extends heartfelt congratulations to the banking partners who trusted this vision—
Sampath Bank, Commercial Bank, Bank of Ceylon, People’s Bank, and DFCC Bank— on the successful launch of their new ticketing application.
This application integrates seamlessly with the PAX A910S ticketing device, powered by a robust CBA– Nimbus ventures software solution, engineered for scale, reliability, and national deployment..
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Dr Lakmini Fernando is a Research Fellow at IPS with primary research interests in Development Economics, Public Finance and Climate Change. She has expertise in econometric data analysis, research design and causal methodologies. Dr Fernando holds a BSc in Agriculture from the University of Peradeniya, a Master of Development Economics (Advanced) from the University of Queensland, Australia and a PhD in Economics from the University of Adelaide, Australia.
Sulochana Silva is a Research Assistant at the Institute of Policy Studies of Sri Lanka (IPS). She holds a BSc (Hons) in Agricultural Technology and Management specialising in Applied Economics and Business Management from the University of Peradeniya. Her research interests are agriculture policies and institutions, environment and natural resource policies, food security and climate change.