Opinion
Revival of the Colombo security conclave
By Asela Waidyalankara
India’s growing strategic security concerns have prompted New Delhi to revive the Colombo Security Conclave – a formation comprising India, Sri Lanka, the Maldives, Mauritius, the Seychelles and Bangladesh created in 2011. The decision was taken by the National Security Advisors of India, Sri Lanka and the Maldives in November 2020 with the aim to forge closer cooperation on maritime and security matters among the three Indian Ocean countries. This NSA (National Security Advisor) level meeting identified four pillars of cooperation: maritime security, terrorism and radicalisation, trafficking and organised crime, and cybersecurity. Concrete areas for cooperation identified at the meeting include holding regular interaction, joint exercises, capacity building and training activities.
Cybersecurity cooperation in the Indian Ocean
The first meeting of the Colombo Security Conclave at the level of Deputy National Security Advisors was hosted virtually in by Sri Lanka in August 2021. The agenda was dominated by maritime issues such as a the MV Express Pearl disaster in Sri Lanka and the 2019 terrorist Easter Sunday attacks in Colombo. What stood out, however, was the newly forged pillar for Cyber security cooperation amongst the three nations. This is not surprising, given that region is increasingly becoming a target of malicious cyber operations. India alone was subjected to many cyber attacks in 2021, emerging last year as the third-most affected nation in Asia in terms of vulnerabilities due to cyber attacks and breaches. Sri Lanka has suffered from seasonal, low intensity cyber attacks especially around its Independence Day. The most notable recent such attack was the 2021 LK Domain Registry hack which compromised the island nation’s top-level domain (.lk). The most impactful cyber attack in the Maldives was the 2017 DDoS (Denial of Service) attack that left its telco services in disarray as it disrupted internet service across Maldives for over a week. While each of the participants in the Colombo Security Conclave has faced a different degree of risk due to cyber security threats, this is the first time that this regional-level cooperation framework has been put forward. Cyber security pillar activated first The first virtual workshop devoted specifically to cyber security was held in January 2022. It was hosted by the National Security Council Secretariat (NSCS) of India in association with the National Forensic Science University in Gandhinagar (Gujarat) and the Secretariat of the Colombo Security Conclave. The meeting addressed such challenges as deep web and darknet investigation and challenges; digital forensics; cyber threat intelligence; and defensive operations in the cyber domain. The choice of issues indicates a defensive cyber focus within the Conclave, with a focus on post-incident response and digital forensics. The group also agreed to identify key deliverables for the cyber security work stream of theColombo Security Conclave. Based on the subjects of discussion, it’s clear that the Colombo Security Conclave will, for the moment, focus on strengthening capacity building and academic cooperation. No concrete call to action was made regarding the creation of a common platform for cyber intelligence sharing or a technical merger in terms of a common SOC (security operations centre).
Why is this collection of nations with varied cybersecurity rankings pursuing cooperation? The Global Cybersecurity Index (GCI) ranks India as number 10 with Sri Lanka and the Maldives in positions 83 and 177, respectively. Given India’s higher level of maturity, it is plausible to assume that it will assume leadership within this three-nation setup. India’s much-touted state-sponsored ‘Digital India’ programme has accelerated her into a global ICT player. India may now want to ‘project’ some of this new cyber prowess for geopolitical advances, including by providing the lead in the Colombo Conclave as a centre of excellence to train and develop other nation’s cyber security capacity building exercises.
At the same time, Sri Lanka’s ratification of the Budapest Convention on Cybercrime gave a boost to its cybercrime capacities, potentially positioning it as a leader in the region. The Maldives has already indicated its willingness to explore ratification by participating in workshops organised by Sri Lanka to raise awareness on the Convention. India has remained non-committal due to its ideological and geopolitical stance on the Convention. Therefore, although ratification of the Budapest Convention would ideally give Sri Lanka an advantage by signalling a more mature legal framework on cybercrime, India is likely to shape the conversation towards more regional cooperation outside the Convention’s mechanisms. India looking to blunt China’s growing influence It is an open secret that there has been an intense rivalry between India and China focused on gaining strategic advantages in Sri Lanka and the Maldives. Although the Indian Ocean region is traditionally considered within India’s sphere of influence, the mounting Chinese presence has driven India to take proactive measures in the region. In April 2021, Chinese National Defense Minister Wei Fenghe held talks with Sri Lankan President Gotabaya Rajapaksa and Prime Minister Mahinda Rajapaksa on enhanced defence cooperation. This package purportedly included cybersecurity trainings for Sri Lankan armed forces. India, for its part, has been more active in engaging in e-government and digitisation activities in Sri Lanka, with its latest being an effort to facilitate technology transfer of the Unitary Digital Identity
Framework (UDIF), commonly known as Aadhaar. India has been successful in bringing Maldives fully into its sphere of influence by signing a defence pact in 2021. It included a $50 million line of credit to enhance security collaboration with a focus on combating terrorism in ‘all its forms and manifestations’, including in cyberspace. Sri Lanka in particular, with its recent economic and debt crisis, is now more dependent on Indian credit lines and assistance for its survival. Against this backdrop, Sri Lanka is more likely to be more accommodative of an Indian geopolitical stance on cybersecurity and the part it will play in the larger regional security setup. Together with having the Maldives in its sphere of influence, this puts India in a more commanding position, from which it will be able to use the Colombo Conclave to further its own vision of cybersecurity regionally.
Looking ahead
Recently, Indian IT minister Ashwini Vaishnaw noted that India must become a thought leader, product leader and market leader in cybersecurity, viewing it as a key policy tool for asserting its dominance over the safety and security of the internet and thereby leading to the expansion of its digital economy. It’s likely that this ethos will drive the thinking behind the Colombo Conclave, as India looks to extend the ‘Digital India’ philosophy into a regional cooperation philosophy. Sri Lanka has previously received support from EU projects focused on technical assistance in drafting its National Cyber Security Strategy and in countering cybercrime through the Glacy+ Programme implemented by the Council of Europe. India taking the lead regionally on creating a mutually beneficial cybersecurity working group bodes well for smaller nations like Sri Lanka and Maldives. If India manages to provide astute leadership to this cybersecurity partnership, the benefits to India itself and regional peers will be self-evident.
(The author is a prominent personality in the sphere of cybersecurity, with over a decade of experience in progressive technology and digital strategy. Garnering extensive qualifications in both the legal and technical arenas, Asela is a pioneer trailblazer and avant- garde in the information security marketplace)
Opinion
Dengue: Who will guard the state?
I am writing to draw public attention to a serious health hazard regarding a property located at elvitigala mawatha, belonging to the national housing development authority (NHDA)
As seen in the attached photographs, the site is filled with waste that traps water and provides shelter for mosquitoes. Despite repeated complaints, no action has been taken to clean the premises.
This is extremely concerning given the current dengue situation. As of July 18, the National Dengue Control Unit reported over 73,500 dengue cases and 50 deaths nationwide this year, with Colombo being one of the worst affected districts. Residents, including children and the elderly living nearby, are now at direct risk.
PHIs have previously noted that legal action against government premises for dengue breeding is often blocked. If this continues, we are essentially allowing a government property to endanger public health.
I therefore urge the Colombo Municipal Council, the Ministry of Health, and the National Dengue Operations Centre to intervene immediately, clean this property, and hold the authorities concerned accountable before it leads to more dengue cases in our community.
Concerned Citizen
Opinion
Lucille Amarasuriya
(Written by the late Lakshmi Nimalasuriya in July 1986 and published to mark Lucille’s 40th death anniversary)
She was a special friend. We first met when she was president and I was honorary secretary of a voluntary organization. We worked together in great harmony. She was a person of outstanding merit and enmeshed in dreams and goals which she pursued with unflagging zeal.
Her wealth and position made no impact of exclusiveness, nor the advantages she had as a politician’s wife make her dominating.
She was intelligent, receptive and warm hearted and an indispensable member of the All-Ceylon Buddhist Women’s Association and the All-Ceylon Buddhist Congress. She had the ability to respond to any situation and act with confidence – the criterion of leadership.
She was invited to serve on national councils sponsored by the government and was successful in redistributing the allocation of grants which had continued to be unequal and favoured. She was an active member of the Inner Wheel Club adept at fund-raising and was in great demand. She worked long hours in preparation and enlisted all she knew to make the Flag Days successful. She wooed the wives of diplomats for charity performances and the press for publicity. By her tireless efforts she enriched the ever-depleting coffers of these voluntary organizations.
The spiritual growth of young people was a subject close to her heart. She initiated the Youth Forum of the ACBC. She was indeed a happy mother at the time of her death as all her children had grown up to become good citizens.
She was a gifted and versatile person who could sing, write, draw, paint, design, sew and make lovely handicrafts with effortless ease. So, be it an important occasion like her children’s weddings, or mundane functions, fetes, annual general meetings, or at a simple pinkama in the temple or nunnery, or on a sacred day, her lovely creations which she spent hours in making in silent enjoyment would add that splash of gaiety and festivity which delighted us. She told me she learnt this love of decoration from her father who was an eminent Buddhist worker. Underlying all her work was her dedication to the Buddha Sasana.
The death of her teenage daughter early in life, and the death of her husband, who pre-deceased her by a few years, left her inconsolable and she with great difficulty reconciled herself to their loss.
She relives again in memory – Here she comes, a winsome smile on her lovely face, of graceful stature, her wavy hair drawn back, her favourite throatlet around her neck; with friendly charm, her hand out-stretched to help and bound to a generous heart, so she rightly claimed her name of endearment – she was to all Lucilla akka, sister Lucille.
May she soon attain her goal – the end of suffering – Nibbana.
Opinion
Ukraine’s power struggle spills on to the streets
A leadership crisis that exposes the strategic fault lines of Ukraine’s war effort—and the competing imperatives of domestic command, Western pressure, and battlefield reality.
Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky’s abrupt dismissal of Defence Minister Mykhailo Fedorov and his broader cabinet reshuffle have exposed a deep fracture within Ukraine’s wartime power structure. This extends far beyond personalities and into the strategic orientation of the state itself. What is unfolding is not merely a bureaucratic dispute but a crisis of command in a country prosecuting a high intensity, NATO-supported war against Russia.
On 16 July, protests broke out in Kyiv demanding the removal of Commander in Chief Oleksandr Syrskyi and the reinstatement of Fedorov. Smaller demonstrations occurred in Odessa, Lviv, Kharkiv, Lutsk, Dnipro, and other cities. These protests, which have continued for a week, signal a rupture within the prowar bloc that has sustained the Zelensky administration since 2022.
Antiwar sentiment did not drive the demonstrations, in which the “usual suspects” of US-backed “Colour Revolutions” took part. In this case, veterans, territorial defence networks, and upper middleclass “civil society” actors, who remain committed to the war’s continuation. Their demand for Fedorov’s reinstatement reflects a belief that Zelensky has lost operational coherence and strategic clarity. Placards bearing Fedorov’s name were, in effect, endorsements of escalating long range warfare against Russia, despite the catastrophic human toll already borne by both sides.
The political shock waves have reverberated through Ukraine’s Western patrons. The Mayor of Kyiv, Vitaly Klitschko, a major player in the 2014 “Maidan Coup” who is aligned with German strategic interests, condemned the firing publicly as a “big mistake,” while major Western media outlets described the move as “destabilising.” Behind the scenes, officials in Washington and Brussels viewed the sudden change with alarm. Such reactions reveal the degree to which Fedorov had become embedded in Western military technical planning, particularly in the domain of drone warfare, where Ukraine’s operations increasingly intersect with NATO intelligence and logistical support.
This conflict has emerged precisely as Ukraine intensifies drone strikes deep inside Russian territory and escalates operations against Crimea. Fedorov, appointed only six months ago, became the face of this strategy, celebrated by Western media as a “drone warfare mastermind” and criticised domestically for sidelining artillery procurement. His approach aligned closely with NATO’s interest in testing and refining asymmetric strike capabilities against Russia.
Zelensky’s subsequent hints that he may reconsider the decision underscore the precariousness of his position. His authority now rests on a fragile balance between Western expectations, domestic military factions, and a society exhausted by mobilisation. His consultations with both Syrskyi and Fedorov suggest an attempt to reassert control over a command structure that is no longer unified.
Fedorov’s postdismissal revelations sharpen the picture. His claim that Syrskyi and Chief of the General Staff Andrii Hnatov blocked reform initiatives systematically, and that Syrskyi enabled corruption, points to a structural clash between two models of warfare. The Western media has analysed the row as one in which Fedorov represents a Westernaligned, technologydriven paradigm emphasising drones, automation, and longrange strikes. It portrays Syrskyi as embodying an entrenched Sovietera command culture, reliant on artillery, mass mobilisation, and hierarchical control. Zelensky’s decision to side with Syrskyi is presented as a political calculation, preserving the loyalty of the traditional military establishment at the expense of the “reformist” faction.
However, Fedorov’s political alliances complicate this narrative. His cultivation of farright networks, including neo Nazi blogger Serhii Sternenko, reveals the darker undercurrents of Ukraine’s wartime coalition. Sternenko’s role in the 2014 Odessa massacre underscores how extremist actors continue to intersect with state structures, especially in moments of institutional fragmentation.
In actual fact, the power struggle reflects a contradiction between two elite strategies for managing subordination. Ukraine is a subaltern national state embedded in a wider hierarchy of imperialist power. Fedorov is tied to global centi-billionaires and Western technology platforms. His camp can look “more Western” because it is more integrated into transnational circuits of capital and war-tech. The apparent modernity of that model still carries dependency: it improves efficiency while deepening reliance on external monopolies. The war state becomes dependent on foreign-owned infrastructure, satellite systems, software, and elite relationships, which gives external capital leverage over military coordination and political priorities.
Syrskyi, by contrast, is closer to an older form of domestic elite power: the military-bureaucratic order linked to native oligarchic interests, procurement channels, and patronage. This is a more nationally rooted fraction of the bourgeois bloc, but not necessarily a more independent one, because Ukrainian oligarchic power has long been intertwined with Western finance, arms flows, and state restructuring.
The struggle between Syrskyi and Fedorov therefore reflects competing modes of dependency, and (although clearly the Western establishment favours the latter) not a clean split between “national” and “Western” camps. One route passes through transnational tech capital and managerial reform; the other through entrenched oligarchic-military command and domestic networks of influence. The clash is therefore not an isolated dispute but a symptom of an intra-elite struggle over how Ukraine should be governed as a dependent war economy. Neither side points beyond bourgeois rule; they are different management styles of the same subordinated state form.
Taken together, the crisis reflects a deeper geopolitical reality: Ukraine’s war effort is no longer anchored by a unified elite consensus. Instead, it is being pulled apart by competing military doctrines, Western strategic pressures, corruption scandals, and the exhaustion of a society asked to sustain indefinite mobilisation.
Vinod Moonesinghe, formerly chair of the Ceylon German Technical Training Institute and of the National Institute for Language Education and Training, serves as Convenor of the Asia Progress Forum.
By Vinod Moonesinghe ✍️
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