News
Lanka’s employed population crosses 8 million in 2025
Female unemployment remains higher
Services sector accounts for nearly half of jobs
Monthly-paid males earn higher average salaries
Literacy rate at 93.3%
Sri Lanka’s employed population surpassed eight million in 2025, reaching 8,079,040, while the country’s unemployment rate declined to 3.9% from 4.4% the previous year, according to the latest labour force survey released by the Department of Census and Statistics (DCS).
The report shows that males accounted for 5,299,777 of the employed population, while 2,779,262 were females. The overall employment rate was recorded at 96.1%.
The estimated population, aged 15 years and above, stood at 17,034,109 in 2025, of whom 8,408,251 were in the labour force, resulting in a labour force participation rate of 49.4%.
However, a substantial gender gap continued to characterise participation in the labour market. The male labour force participation rate was 69.1%, compared with only 32.4% among females.
Of the 8,625,859 people outside the labour force, 6,185,730 were women, accounting for 71.7% of the economically inactive population.
Household work was by far the main reason cited by women for being outside the labour force, accounting for 58.1% of economically inactive females.
Another 17.8% were engaged in education, while 16% were retired, or elderly, and 6.6% were outside the labour force due to illness or disability.
The number of unemployed persons fell to 329,211 in 2025, comprising 149,931 males and 179,280 females.
The female unemployment rate stood at 6.1%, more than twice the male rate of 2.8%.
Nevertheless, female unemployment also declined from 7.1% in 2024 to 6.1% in 2025, contributing to the reduction in the overall unemployment rate from 4.4% to 3.9%.
Youth unemployment remained a significant feature of the labour market, with 19.5% of people aged 15 to 24 unemployed.
The youth unemployment rate was 16.5% among males and 24.5% among females. Female unemployment among those aged 25 to 29 was also relatively high at 17.1%.
The services sector remained the largest source of employment in 2025, accounting for 49.8% of total employment, or 4,026,037 workers.
The industrial sector accounted for 26.2% of employment, while agriculture accounted for 23.9%.
The share of employment in services increased from 48.5%, in 2024, to 49.8% in 2025. In contrast, agriculture’s share fell from 26% to 23.9% during the same period.
The figures indicate a continued shift in the structure of employment towards the services sector, while the relative share of agricultural employment declined.
The estimated average gross monthly salary of a monthly-paid employee, in 2025, was Rs. 65,325, according to the DCS.
Male employees earned an average gross monthly salary of Rs. 70,942, compared with Rs. 57,867 for female employees.
The earnings gap was also evident among daily-paid workers. Their average monthly earnings were estimated at Rs. 41,290 for males and Rs. 22,640 for females.
Meanwhile, 439,839 employed persons, or 5.4% of the total employed population, held a second job in addition to their main occupation.
When both primary and secondary employment are taken into account, the total number of jobs in the country was estimated at 8,518,878 in 2025.
The DCS report also provides data on literacy and digital access.
The literacy rate among the population, aged 10 years and above, was 93.3% in 2025. The rate was highest in urban areas at 96.3%, followed by rural areas at 93.2%, while the estate sector recorded 82.7%.
Computer literacy increased to 39.2% in 2025, from 35.9% in 2024.
Male computer literacy was recorded at 40.5%, compared with 38% among females.
Digital literacy was substantially higher, at 72%, while 62.4% of the population, aged between five and 69, had used the internet during 2025.
Internet usage has continued to rise in recent years, increasing from 51.2%, in 2023, to 54.6% in 2024, and 62.4% in 2025.
The latest figures, therefore, show a labour market with lower overall unemployment and a growing services sector, alongside persistent disparities in female labour force participation, female earnings and youth employment.
News
New Constitution to decide fate of executive presidency, PCs: NPP
By PRIYAN DE SILVA
The government’s position on the abolition of the Executive Presidency and the future of the Provincial Council system will be set out in a new Constitution, NPP General Secretary Dr. Nihal Abeysinghe has said.
Abeysinghe made the remarks when a delegation from the Campaign for Free and Fair Elections (CaFFE) met him at the NPP headquarters in Pelawatte on Friday evening. Former NPP General Secretary and MP Laxman Nipunarachchi also participated in the discussion.
Dr. Abeysinghe said the JVP, the main constituent of the NPP, had consistently advocated the abolition of the Executive Presidency and that it was also a key pledge in the NPP election manifesto.
Responding to calls for the Provincial Council elections to be held under the existing electoral system, Nipunarachchi said the system was being changed to introduce the new electoral system.
He stressed that conducting the elections under the old system was therefore not acceptable.
CaFFE Executive Director Manas Makeen suggested that the Election Commission should be vested with adequate financial authority to ensure that elections are held on time.
Dr. Abeysinghe also requested CaFFE and other stakeholders to submit any proposals for constitutional amendments for consideration.
The NPP made the abolition of Sri Lanka’s executive presidency and the adoption of a new Constitution a central constitutional pledge in its 2024 presidential election manifesto, A Thriving Nation, A Beautiful Life. It promised to draft and enact a new Constitution after public discussion and a referendum, abolish the executive presidency and replace it with a president without executive powers elected by Parliament, while introducing a new parliamentary electoral system.
However, in June 2026, Public Administration Minister Chandana Abayaratne was quoted by the media as having said that although this remained an electoral promise, the Government did not regard it as a priority at that point, saying other constitutional and electoral reforms were being considered first.
The Opposition has accused the goverment of trying to retain the executive presidency by delaying the constitution making project.
News
NBRI issues landslide warning for three districts
By Chaminda Silva
The National Building Research Institute (NBRI) has issued a Level 3 (Red) landslide early warning for several areas in the Kandy, Kegalle and Nuwara Eliya districts amidst continuing heavy rainfall.
The warning, issued at 2 p.m. yesterday (20), will remain in effect until 2 p.m. today (21).
In Kandy District, the red alert covers the Pasbage Korale Divisional Secretariat Division and surrounding areas.
In Kegalle District, red-level warnings have been issued for the Dehiowita, Aranayake, Deraniyagala, Mawanella and Yatiyanthota Divisional Secretariat divisions and surrounding areas.
In Nuwara Eliya District, the warning covers the Kothmale West, Kothmale East, Ambagamuwa and Norwood Divisional Secretariat divisions and surrounding areas.
Meanwhile, a Level 2 (Amber) landslide warning remains in effect for selected areas of Colombo, Galle, Kalutara, Kandy, Kegalle, Matara, Nuwara Eliya and Ratnapura districts.
The affected areas include Padukka; Nagoda, Thawalama and Neluwa; Bulathsinhala, Palindanuwara, Walallawita and Agalawatta; Ganga Ihala Korale; Bulathkohupitiya and Kegalle; Akuressa and Pitabeddara; Thalawakele; and several Divisional Secretariat divisions in Ratnapura District, including Pelmadulla, Ratnapura, Ayagama and Kuruwita.
Residents in the affected areas have been urged to remain vigilant for signs of landslides and follow instructions issued by local authorities, particularly during periods of heavy rainfall.
News
Mahaweli rises as heavy rain triggers flood, landslide fears
By SK Samaranayake
Heavy rainfall across the Central Highlands has triggered flood and landslide warnings, with the Mahaweli Ganga reaching spill level in Nawalapitiya and several roads and low-lying areas already affected.
The Kandy District Disaster Management Unit has urged residents living along the Mahaweli River in Nawalapitiya, Gampola, Gelioya and Peradeniya to remain on high alert as heavy rain continues on the western slopes of the Central Hills.
The Irrigation Department has warned that the Mahaweli Ganga, in the Nawalapitiya area, is nearing spill level. The river level at the Peradeniya Black Bridge, which is under repair, is also continuing to rise.
A senior official said the University of Peradeniya was taking precautionary measures in anticipation of a possible flood situation.
Meanwhile, five spill gates of the Polgolla Mahaweli Reservoir had also been opened yesterday (20) due to the heavy rainfall, Executive Engineer Thisara Bandara said.
Around 21,000 cubic feet of water per second is being released towards the Victoria Reservoir through the five gates.
Bandara warned that all spill gates may have to be opened if rainfall intensifies and urged communities downstream of the Polgolla Dam, on both sides of the river, to remain vigilant.
The threat has already translated into flooding and displacement in several areas.
Nearly 100 families have been displaced in the Pasbage Korale Divisional Secretariat area of Nawalapitiya after the Mahaweli River overflowed and inundated homes in low-lying areas, following heavy rainfall since yesterday (20), a Divisional Secretariat official said.
Kithulkote, Labuwelkotuwa and Jayasundara Ovita were among the areas affected.
The Irrigation Department has separately warned of a risk of major flooding in low-lying areas along the Mahaweli River in the Pasbage Korale area, urging residents and motorists to exercise extreme caution.
Meanwhile, roads have also been hit by the adverse weather.
The Road Development Authority (RDA) has closed the Poojapitiya–Medawela road until further notice after a section of the road at Madadeniya collapsed. The section had reportedly already been weakened during the Ditwah disaster and has now completely given way.
The RDA has closed the road from Poojapitiya town and advised motorists travelling towards Medawela to use alternative routes.
Traffic on the Hatton–Bogawantalawa–Maskeliya–Balangoda main road also came to a complete standstill yesterday after a landslide occurred near the Wanraraja Estate area in Dikoya at around 11 a.m.
Hatton Police officers and residents began clearing the earth from the road, while the local RDA office was informed to assist with the operation.
In another warning, the Disaster Management Centre (DMC) said a potentially dangerous situation had developed at Dabagolla Mountain in Yalagamuwa, Uvaparanagama.
Police said about 700 metres of the mountain had developed cracks measuring between 10 and 12 inches wide. In some locations, the ground had subsided to depths of seven to eight feet.
The DMC said the cracks had widened with the recent rainfall, while water flowing through them had begun loosening the soil and increasing the risk of a landslide.
Police said there were no houses or settlements around the affected mountain, which is located near a forest reserve. Several acres of pepper cultivation are, however, situated in the vicinity.
Meanwhile, heavy rain has also caused flooding in Bogawantalawa.
Several buildings in the low-lying section of Merys Estate National School have been inundated after the Keselgamu Oya, a major tributary feeding the Castlereigh Reservoir, overflowed.
A retaining wall above a house in the lower section of Kotiyagala Estate also collapsed amid the heavy rainfall, causing extensive damage to the house. Bogawantalawa Police said no one inside was injured.
Authorities have urged residents in flood-prone and landslide-prone areas to remain alert as further rainfall could worsen conditions, while motorists have been advised to avoid affected roads and use alternative routes where possible.
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