News
Review of Rohan Gunaratna’s ” Sri Lanka’s Easter Sunday Massacre: Lessons for the International Community
Dr Punsara Amarasinghe
On April 21, 2019, Sri Lanka had its very first experience from Islamic extremist terrorism through a series of “Easter Day attacks”, targeting Catholic churches and tourist hotels. The impacts created by these attacks pushed the country to a deeper crisis and it further unveiled the sheer failure of the national intelligence agencies of Sri Lanka. Rohan Gunaratna’s timely work is a valuable contribution to the scholarship discussing the intelligence perspective of Sri Lanka’s tragedy.
The book begins with a chart of some crucial events that paved the path for the Easter Sunday massacre and this introductory chapter remains insightful in providing a clear analysis in the brief history of the Islamic radicalism in Sri Lanka, which was not adequately addressed by the government. While unfolding those events, Gunaratna reveals the ideological impetus behind the attacks. In his own words, ” Zaharan and his gang were not normal criminals”.
The first chapter of the book is like a thriller movie on Netflix with the lucid language that Gunaratna uses in tracing every single event of the Easter attacks from the preparation to the execution moment. Even tiny details such as the names of the restaurants where the attackers gathered and consumed food before embarking on the carnage have been included in the first chapter as a part of fiction. However, presenting all those facts does not undermine the central objective of the book; “the lesson for the international community”.
All the details discussed in the first chapter help in analysing the loopholes and utter negligence that paved the path for the attacks. Also Gunaratna reiterates how attacks could have been nipped in the bud, when the large number of explosives were found in Wanathavilluwa in 2019 January.
After describing the anatomy of the attacks in the first chapter, the following chapter provides useful details on Zahran, the mastermind behind the attacks. It should be noted, that the details provided here regarding the character are not mere a biographic sketch of a dead terrorist. Rather, it’s an astute analysis revealing what made an extremist identifying the ideological pillars that hardened Zahran’s resolve.
In particular, Gunaratna pays attention to Zahran’s impoverished childhood. The focal point of the chapter lies in discussing how Zahran’s native village, Kattankudy, in the Eastern province transformed into a hub of Islamic extremism by the influx of Salafi-Wahhabism, which subdued Sufi Islamic traditions and became the dominant discourse that inspired Zahran to choose his path to extremism.
In the first half of the chapter, Gunaratna identifies two major factors that played a decisive role in shaping Zahran’s psyche. The first was the establishment of Centre for Islamic Guidance ( CIG ) under Saudi patronage, which later evolved into the main manufacturing bastion of Wahabi ideology in the Eastern province. Secondly, Gunaratna explains how South Indian Wahabi cleric P.J. left an indelible influence upon the Muslim youth in Sri Lanka, which attracted young Zahran to develop his extremist ideology. Arguably the most violent strain of Salafi-Wahhabism, the doctrine of Tawheed ” The Oneness of God “, took root in Sri Lanka at the turn of the century.
In his vivid analysis, as an expert of intelligence and terrorism Gunaratna explains how all the warnings given by the state intelligence services in Sri Lanka were neglected by the political apparatus for short term political gain, resulting in the robust development of Islamic radicalism in Sri Lanka.
The third chapter entitled “The Colombo Team of the IS Sri Lanka branch”, discusses the genesis of the threat that led to the Easter attacks and also the chapter provides some details on the establishment of the IS in Sri Lanka, in which its followers were eager to emulate the IS practice of killing non-believers. While unveiling the evolution of IS ideology in Sri Lanka, Gunaratna points out how IS ideology became an alluring discourse for the English-speaking educated Muslim youth in the Western province of Sri Lanka through social media.
The chapter further elaborates on the role of Aadhil AX, a Sri Lankan Muslim youth as the main propagandist of ISIS in Sri Lanka and his charismatic leadership in attracting many Muslim youths in Sri Lanka and India to support IS activities in South Asia. According to Gunaratna, the global and local incidents that occurred in the year 2014 accelerated the growth of ISIS ideology in Sri Lanka. The religious riots that took place in Aluthgama between the Sinhalese and Muslims have been described by Gunaratna as a catalyst that nourished the seeds of IS ideology in the island.
Eventually, the IS ideology in Sri Lanka spread through an intricate network comprising friends and colleagues, family and relatives, worshippers at the mosques run by sects and mentors and their disciples. But none of those developments was scrutinized by the intelligence or the other security authorities and it further bolstered the rise of Islamic radicalism in Sri Lanka. The chapter clearly traces the initial plans of the IS activists in Sri Lanka such as the plot to assassinate Galagoda Aththe Gnanasara Thero, the leader of right wing Sinhalese Buddhist organization prior to launching the Easter attacks in 2019.
The last chapter is an eye-opener for the intelligence experts on the need to organize and fortify the intelligence networks to cope with terrorism. Gunaratna shows how intelligence gathering and reports were continuously neglected by the newly elected government in 2015 based on political motives. He seems to be optimistic in his conclusion as he suggests that the international community should work together to dismantle operational and ideological threats. This book by Prof Rohan Gunaratna is a useful contribution to the security and intelligence studies literature.
(The reviewer is a Post-Doctoral researcher at the Institute of Law, Politics and Development at Scuola Superiore Sant Anna, Pisa)
News
Athapaththu and Dilhari muscle Sri Lanka past Malaysia in mismatch
The quarter-finals of the Asian Games women’s competition, putting top-notch teams against teams without much experience of playing at the highest level, were expected to be mismatches. It took till the third game – Bangladesh vs China was washed out and Thailand gave Pakistan a fright for a proper one-side affair, though, as Sri Lanka bashed 160 after opting to bat, and their bowlers then stopped Malaysia 86 runs short.
Fresh off their appearance in the final of the Women’s T20 Asia Cup, Sri Lanka were always expected to dominate, but it didn’t quite start the way they wanted, with Imesha Dulani run out for another low score in the third over – she hasn’t topped 25 in eight innings since her century against Pakistan on July 31.
Chamari Athapaththu, however, stitched together an 80-run stand off just 53 balls with Hasini Perera for the second wicket, scoring 56 runs in 27 balls to Perera’s 23 in 26 in the collaboration. After the two batters fell, Kavisha Dilhari played a similar role to Athapaththu in the stand with Harshitha Samarawickrama, scoring 36 in 19 in a stand worth 62 in 37 balls.
Athapaththu top-scored with 63 in 37 balls, while Dilhari’s unbeaten 44 came off just 27 balls. For Malaysia, offspinner Nurin Imanina impressed with 3 for 29 from her four overs, picking up all the wickets to fall to bowlers.
In reply, Malaysia were three down inside the powerplay, with Dilhari picking up two of the wickets to fall on her way to returns of 2 for 4 from three overs. Athapaththu chipped in with two wickets of her own to finish with 2 for 3 from two overs, while Mithali Ayodhya got 2 for 15 from three.
It’s not like there was no resistance from Malaysia: Winifred Duraisingam scored 28, though it took her 47 balls to do it, while Mahirah Izzati Ismail scored 24, another slow effort, taking her 42 balls.
Scores:
Sri Lanka Women 160 for 4 in 20 overs (Athapaththu 63, HasinMithali Ayodhya 2-15i Perera 23, Kavisha Dilhari 44*, Harshitha Samarawickrema 25; Nurin Imanina 3-29) beat Malaysia Women 74 for 7 in 20 overs (Winifred Duraisingam 28, Mahirah Izzati Ismail 24; Mithali Ayodhya 2-15, Kavisha Dilhari 2-04, Chamari Athapaththu 2-03, ) by 86 runs
[Cricinfo]
News
Bid for Basil’s extradition nears final stage: Police
Govt. is finalising extradition proceedings against Basil to have him stand trial here in respect of several cases
By Norman Palihawadane
The process of having former Minister Basil Rajapaksa extradited from the US to Sri Lanka was being finalised, Police Headquarters sources disclosed yesterday.
The government has formally sought assistance from the United States government to extradite former Minister Basil Rajapaksa, as multiple courts have reissued arrest warrants over his failure to appear before them in connection with two separate criminal cases, a senior police officer told The Island.
The officer, speaking on condition of anonymity, said matters pertaining to obtaining US government authorities’ assistance to extradite Rajapaksa were now being finalised.
Police headquarters sources said law enforcement agencies were currently evaluating red notices, which request the location and provisional arrest of a person pending formal extradition.
The CID and Police Headquarters earlier initiated steps to seek INTERPOL assistance to secure Rajapaksa’s return to Sri Lanka to face court proceedings relating to the two cases in which arrest warrants have been issued against him.
Rajapaksa is believed to be residing in Los Angeles, United States.
The Matara Chief Magistrate’s Court on July 21, 2026, reissued an arrest warrant for Rajapaksa after he failed to appear before court for the second time in connection with a case involving the alleged purchase of a 1.5-acre coconut estate on Eliyakanda Road in the Brown’s Hill area of Matara.
The case relates to the purchase of the property for Rs. 60 million.
The case was filed by the Police Financial Crimes Investigation Division and names Basil Rajapaksa and several other accused, including Ayoma Galappaththi, identified in court reports as the sister of Rajapaksa’s wife, Tissa Galappaththi, and Muditha Jayakody.
However, officials acknowledged that seeking US assistance would only begin a formal international process and would not automatically result in Rajapaksa’s arrest or return to Sri Lanka. Sri Lankan authorities would need to submit court orders, details of the alleged offences, and other supporting documents through the appropriate diplomatic and judicial channels. Any request would then be considered by the relevant US authorities under American law and applicable legal arrangements.
Sources at the Foreign Ministry said sealed correspondence had been exchanged between Sri Lanka’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Legal Department of the US State Department relating to corruption allegations against members of the Rajapaksa family residing in the United States.
The legal foundation for any extradition is the bilateral treaty between Sri Lanka and the United States signed in Washington on September 30, 1999. The treaty applies the principle of dual criminality, meaning authorities must show that the underlying conduct amounts to a crime in both countries. Rajapaksa’s status as a United States citizen would not, on its own, make him immune from a valid request under the treaty’s provisions.
News
High blood pressure, diabetes lead to about 80% of deaths in Sri Lanka
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) account for 80% of all deaths in Sri Lanka, with high blood pressure and diabetes among the leading causes, Secretary to the Ministry of Health and Mass Media, Dr. Anil Jasinghe, said early this week.
Dr. Jasinghe pointed out that the two conditions were interrelated and could lead to a range of serious health complications, with heart attacks being among the most severe consequences.
Dr. Jasinghe made these remarks while attending the commencement of construction of a modern Cardiac Care Complex at the Anuradhapura Teaching Hospital on Wednesday (16).
The Health and Mass Media Ministry Secretary said:
“The main issue is that these two diseases are interconnected and cause a range of complications in a person’s health. Looking at the current situation in Sri Lanka, only around 50% of those suffering from high blood pressure are under effective control. Similarly, only around 25% of diabetic patients are under proper control. As a result, this has now become a major problem in society.
“The most serious complication associated with both these diseases is Myocardial Infarction (MI), or a heart attack. This has also become the
leading complication. So, how do we control this modern epidemic? This is the biggest challenge before us.
“While establishing modern facilities across the country, our health system must also recognize the changes that have taken place in the demographic structure of our population and disease patterns. Accordingly, our health system must be adapted to suit these changing circumstances.
“Under the policies of the government led by the President and the guidance of the Minister of Health, the Ministry of Health and Mass Media is currently implementing a major programme in this regard. Its three main components are Arogya, Cluster Systems and High-End Care Institutions, which need to be developed to suit the requirements of our health system.”
-
Latest News7 days agoSri Lanka thwart Fatima Sana challenge to secure Asia Cup final spot
-
News6 days agoGnanasara Thero absconding after SC ruling
-
News7 days agoAmmunition cache found in old Kandy bungalow
-
News7 days agoProf. Pieris says Buddha Dhamma recognised as source of law under Constitution
-
News6 days agoGreen Climate Fund (GCF) Regional Dialogue for East and South Asia will be held from 14 to 17 September 2026 at Cinnamon Life at City of Dreams Hotel, Colombo
-
Opinion5 days agoFrom Galkissa (Mount Lavinia) to Tambuttegama
-
Latest News6 days agoITS Giuseppe Garibaldi’ departs Colombo
-
Business6 days agoHNB Finance strengthens Board with four independent directors
