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Is the IMF a Member of the UN Family?

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by Dr Sarala Fernando

The UN Secretary General seems to think so when he recently urged the Security Council and the Bretton Woods institutions to undertake reforms. Yet as the IMF programme unfolds in Sri Lanka one can see the divergence in the methods and objectives deployed by the IMF with its emphasis on domestic fiscal reforms and the UN which is advocating sustainable development, strengthening of health, education and protection of the environment and addressing global emergencies like climate change.

The mismatch is reflected in the growing chasm between the government and the public. The government had hoped that after Covid, Sinhala/Tamil New Year would be held in grand style this year, even providing funds to government institutions to organize events. Contrary to such expectations this year was marked with an absence of the usual cacophony of celebration. Instead of fireworks, the regular tv and radio counted down the auspicious times. The public was protesting the escalating cost of living as a result of new taxes, rupee depreciation causing food inflation, closing of enterprises and loss of jobs under the current IMF programme.

Reports galore on the increasing “misery” level with the deterioration marked among the most vulnerable under five-yearnold children, while women appear to be among the most affected whose plight, suicides, domestic violence, despair, are shown on live tv every night. Added to the woes it seems a sort of apathy has gripped the working people – that is those who have not been able to go abroad – seeming to prefer to voice their grievances and sink into depression rather than buckle down to work harder for more pay. Fortunately in Sri Lanka in time of any crisis, there is a huge network of humanitarian relief provided by the private sector, religious organizations, NGOs and concerned individuals which is making up for what the government cannot do.

People are asking now about the real cost/benefit of the IMF deal especially since it turned out that a substantial amount of the first tranche went back to the multilateral banks and bilateral lenders like India to meet outstanding debt repayments, as part of the IMF conditionality. In contrast, Bangladesh made the first positive move, offering to defer debt repayment on their $500 loan for another six months followed by India offering one year’s deffered repayment on their billion dollar loan.

The government argues that the IMF deal is a seal of approval opening the way for more assistance from multilateral banks and bilateral investors. But multilateral assistance has been slow to disburse in Sri Lanka such that when Covid hit, the World Bank just canceled their unutilized projects and redirected balances for the urgently required vaccines (in the haste, cancellation may have included expenditures already made by the government and not yet forwarded for reimbursement).Now the ADB has done the same, repurposed unutilized grants for emergency assistance of $350 million. For multilateral assistance to be well utilized there must be a strong domestic disbursement tracking system in place for timely reimbursement –has that been put into place and has the IMF provided necessary advice on that?

An early catastrophic consequence of the recourse to the IMF has been instead of strengthening human capital, there is an exodus of skilled workers and professionals for foreign employment leaving Sri Lanka’s flagship health and education system in dire straits, beset by strikes and shortages of equipment and essential drugs. Worse still, it is a blow to the national psyche where robust national health and education systems had given Sri Lanka its high social development standards, quoted as an example in early international indexes like the PQLI.

After the tsunami hit, our medical services responded immediately and prevented epidemics, hailed by WHO as exemplary. Now, young doctors well trained virtually free of charge in Sri Lanka, are leaving in droves attracted by study offers converted to work visas in overseas countries . Encouraged by the government release of foreign exchange for educational purposes, Sri Lanka’s students are facing a barrage of advertisements from foreign universities judging by the press advertisements and other inducements like work visas and permanent residence status upon graduation. There was even one advertisement recently by a foreign educational institution scouting for underage students with the added incentive of visas being provided for accompanying parents!!!

Has the IMF considered how focusing on revenue is disastrous for organizations like zoos which need not to boast about raising visitor revenue but rather on how they care for the animals in their charge? A similar situation exists for wild life parks and cultural triangle sites which are now encouraged to focus more on visitor revenue than on protecting the treasure in their charge. It is not only the family silver that is being put up for sale but even the wild animals are under threat.

The Agriculture Ministry has even entertained a proposal to export our wild monkeys for lab experiments and has been taken to court by a number of voluntary organizations, for this atrocious proposal. Now the Ministry of Agriculture is giving more firearms to farmers to kill monkeys, peacocks, wild boar etc claiming they are pests. What an example at this time of Wesak and Poson when the emphasis should be to highlight the Buddha’s message of compassion to the animals!

Having come out of two bloody youth insurrections, do we need to develop a gun culture in Sri Lanka or should we pursue UN sponsored programmes to collect and destroy small arms and light weapons? A domestic gun manufactory in Kadawatha has even started to advertise its wares in the local papers. Is there some connection between this new manufactory and the recent government initiative to promote gun distribution to farmers? Those concerned with national security would agree that the need of the hour after the end of the armed conflict is to reduce the numbers of small weapons in the hands of the public.

If culling is the only option, should not this be handed over to the military or police which is trained in the proper use of weapons? Compare our failed policies to the success of the wildlife campaigns in India under Prime Minister Modi with tiger numbers rising and parks well patrolled and conserved which has given the Indian Prime Minister excellent credentials internationally and a domestic political benefit as well, helping to draw the youth voters in India who are most interested today in nature and wild life protection.

The IMF with its focus on graphs and paper figures also needs to consider whether the value of tourism should be calculated in tourism arrival numbers and revenue forecasts or on goals of sustainability such as installation of renewable energy and recycling? Should unsolicited attractions like cable cars be entertained when unusually intense rains caused by climate change are causing the hillsides to collapse and what is required is more regulation to control construction in vulnerable areas? Forest conservators whose prime duty should be to protect the upper watershed from where all our major rivers derive, instead are being asked to sell off residual forests to raise revenue without a thought of the priority to increase forest cover to combat climate change as agreed under UN auspices.

As for bilateral assistance, sadly we hear from the press only about the controversial unsolicited projects, the return of the costly light rail system once abandoned due to protests from our transport specialists and a barge mounted nuclear power project apparently ignoring the perils of contamination from the worst maritime disaster experienced in Sri Lanka, Express Pearl. Following the IMF lead, the government focus is only on collection of compensation, yet what is needed is tightening of the regulations on carriage of hazardous materials as suggested by experts. Maritime zones around the country should be strictly protected and passing ships monitored for dropping plastic waste, excess oil etc in our waters as discussed under UN auspices.

Under the IMF raising revenue mantra, the government has lined up a list of failed SOE’s for sale or restructuring but has the IMF shared experience on how to do this with minimum social disruption? Why privatize strategic ventures like Sri Lanka Telecom which is a strong vibrant organization making profits and providing a good service? As a consequence its staff are demoralized and worrying about whether there is some deal already in the works for the new owner and whether that party will be interested in building the organization or just taking out its profits as quickly as possible.

Inevitably the discussions turn to queries of how geopolitics will play given the need to pay off the debt owed to India. It seems there are Indian companies lined up already to purchase these government assets, one such major player being the Adani group once brought to Sri Lanka as a “prestigious” investor subsequently smeared by legal challenges. The larger question that looms is the anxiety of the public over the growing Indian presence in our economy which if mishandled will become a major bilateral headache.

The government argument was that with the IMF nod of approval, it would open the path for new foreign investments, multilateral and bilateral. This approach has been contested by the public suggesting alternate domestic options ranging from moving to a knowledge economy including music and cinema exports, debt for nature swaps, bringing back “stolen” assets etc. In other words, their message to the government is that it should look inwards for domestic solutions instead of the old pattern of depending on foreign assistance and incurring more debt.

To restore its credibility, the government could begin by moving on the long overdue Ministry reorganization– finally let there be agreement on a fixed number of ministries with fixed locations which will facilitate public access. This reform has been stagnating since the time of Lakshman Jayakody who visited the Indian National Planning Commission for advice. A proposal worth considering is merging the Foreign Ministry with the Ministry of Trade, which has been accomplished in Australia for example quite successfully.

Consulting a respected Australian colleague, his comments were as follows: ” the Canberra amalgamation between foreign affairs and trade was so many decades ago that it now seems totally natural. At the time it involved a lot of pain and was divisive but time elapsed has more than demonstrated that it is a natural alliance and very sensible. Indeed much of the serious stuff and careers are now made on the trade side of the house. Our HC in Colombo would be able to obtain the various reviews etc but in short it’s been a huge success. We have two Cabinet ministers and two junior ministers to make the workload bearable.”

The Government can also do much more to cut down waste, requiring government ministries and agencies to give up rented buildings and declaring a moratorium on new building construction in favour of better usage of existing facilities. Seeing the shortage of beds for cancer patients in Anuradhapura main hospital and a building project which is stagnating, one wonders whether those emergency treatment centres opened for the Covid could not be repurposed to fill urgent health sector needs? Official reports suggest there are many unutilized building assets, empty small schools without teachers or students, unused small hospitals without doctors or proper equipment, which could be converted to support the morale of local communities.

As the IMF officers sit in far away offices and draw economic models on paper, they need to face the human predicament of those undertaking their reform programme and the need for conformity with UN expectations. The IMF is also learning and it is good therefore to note this time around that the visiting IMF team in Sri Lanka is meeting and facing questions from the public, the press, trade unions and opposition parties. Elsewhere in the world political leaders are pushing through unpopular measures and paying the price, like in France where as a result of pension reforms it seems President Macron is now unable to walk the streets without being accosted by protesters and heckled.

Little wonder that no elections are likely to be held in Sri Lanka in the near future and a mirage is being created by speculation over possible candidates for a quick Presidential poll. Fortunately for the IMF it has a charming Managing Director able to reach out to political leaders and with a friendly public image, a stark contrast to her stony faced officials!

(Sarala Fernando, retired from the Foreign Ministry as Additional Secretary and her last Ambassadorial appointment was as Permanent Representative to the UN and International Organizations in Geneva . Her Ph.D was on India-Sri Lanka relations and she writes now on foreign policy, public diplomacy and protection of heritage).



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Combining local resources,traditional knowledge and science to build a food-secure Sri Lanka

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World Food Day 2026: Innovating today for a better food future

by Dr. Kaushalya Wijayasekara

What will be on the Sri Lankan dinner table ten years from now? Will our children be able to get nutritious food at a price their families can afford? Will farmers be able to grow enough despite changing weather and rising costs? And how much of the food we produce will actually reach the consumer, instead of being lost or wasted along the way?

These questions can’t wait. A farmer faces unpredictable weather. A family faces rising food costs. Fruit goes unsold after a good harvest. Some children do not get enough nutrition. The future of food is tied to the future of Sri Lanka itself.

World Food Day 2026 is a chance to look beyond the immediate problems and ask whether we can build a food system that feeds our people well, gives farmers better opportunities, protects the environment and makes better use of what we already have. The answer can be yes, but we will have to think differently.

We are not starting from zero. Sri Lanka has diverse crops, fisheries, traditional food knowledge, indigenous varieties, research institutions, universities and a young generation able to create new solutions. What we need is to bring these together and act. Producing more will not secure our food future on its own. It will depend on how intelligently we produce, process, preserve, distribute and consume food.

Making more of what we already have

Innovation does not always mean inventing something new. Often it means finding better uses for the resources we have.

Sri Lanka grows traditional rice varieties, kurakkan, green gram, cowpea, jackfruit, breadfruit, cassava, sweet potato, coconut and palmyrah. All of them have great potential for modern, nutritious, value-added foods. Jackfruit and breadfruit can be made into flour and other convenient products. Traditional rice varieties can go into new foods that suit changing consumer needs. Palmyrah, with its strong cultural heritage, can create new income through better processing, packaging, quality assurance and market development.

The aim is to connect our traditional food knowledge with modern consumer needs and technology, while keeping our food heritage.

Stop wasting the food we produce

Reducing food loss and waste should be a major priority. Seasonal fruits such as mango, banana, papaya and pineapple can be lost in large quantities when production exceeds demand or when storage, transport and processing facilities are inadequate. With suitable technology, these fruits can become dried products, pulps, powders, beverages and other shelf-stable foods.

Agricultural and fisheries by-products are resources too. They could be turned into food ingredients, animal feed, bio-based products and other useful materials, which would move us toward a more circular food economy.

Technology alone is not enough. We need stronger local processing facilities, cold storage, efficient transport, collection centres and market information systems, especially close to where food is produced. Cutting food loss raises the value of what our farmers and fishers already produce.

Nutrition and food safety come first

Food security means more than having enough food. People also need food that is safe and nutritious.

Sri Lanka can develop affordable, nutritious foods from local pulses, grains, vegetables, fruits and fish. Children and other vulnerable groups should get particular attention. Schoolchildren in particular deserve a focus: safe, nutritious, locally sourced products for school feeding programs would support child nutrition, local farmers and domestic food industries at the same time.

Food safety must stay at the centre of food innovation. Good hygiene, quality control, laboratory testing, traceability and appropriate food safety systems are what make new products safe as well as attractive and nutritious.

A food system that can cope with climate change

Climate change is already affecting agricultural production, water availability, crop yields and food prices. We need food systems that can handle changing conditions. That means climate-resilient crops, efficient water use, soil and water conservation, better storage and resource-efficient food processing.

Traditional knowledge matters here. Generations of Sri Lankan farmers have developed practices suited to local climates and ecosystems. Combining that experience with modern science can give us solutions that fit local conditions and are sustainable. Technology alone will not build the future of food. Science, experience and local knowledge together can.

Give young people a bigger role

Sri Lanka’s universities have an important part to play in shaping our food future. Young people should be encouraged to identify real problems in the food system and work on practical solutions in areas such as food waste, sustainable packaging, nutrition, food safety, modernising traditional foods and digital technologies.

A good research project should not always end as a research paper. Where appropriate, research should be supported to move on to products, technologies, enterprises and community solutions. That needs stronger partnerships between universities and industry, along with mentoring, research funding, business support and market connections. If young researchers and entrepreneurs can turn their ideas into viable food innovations, both consumers and producers will benefit.

A pathway designed for Sri Lanka

We do not need to copy food-system models from other countries. We can build a pathway that suits our own resources, culture and needs. It would bring together local resources, traditional knowledge, scientific research, appropriate technology and entrepreneurship, with farmers, fishers, universities, research institutions, food industries, entrepreneurs and policymakers working side by side.

The goal goes beyond selling raw materials. We need to create more value, reduce waste, improve nutrition, generate jobs and strengthen rural livelihoods. This matters especially for small and medium-scale food enterprises, which can drive local economic development when they get the right technical, financial and market support.

The choices we make today

The food future will not create itself. It will be shaped by what we grow, what we research, what we process, what we consume and what we choose not to waste.

So, the question for World Food Day 2026 is this: what can we do today so that every Sri Lankan has safe, nutritious, affordable and sustainable food tomorrow?

The answers are already around us, in our farms, fisheries, food businesses, universities, laboratories and communities. We have the resources, the traditional knowledge, the scientific expertise and talented young people. What we need now is to connect them and act.

A better food future begins with the choices we make today.

Dr. Kaushalya Wijayasekara

Senior Lecturer, Department of Biosystems Technology, Faculty of Technology, University of Ruhuna

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20th Anniversary of Digampathana blast – the day Sri Lanka Navy cried

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Aftermath of the terror attack

By Admiral Ravindra C Wijegunaratne
WV, RWP and Bar, RSP, VSV, USP, NI (M) (Pakistan), ndc, psn, Bsc
(Hons) (War Studies) (Karachi) MPhil (Madras)
Former Navy Commander and Former Chief of Defence Staff
Former Chairman, Trincomalee Petroleum Terminals Ltd
Former Managing Director Ceylon Petroleum Corporation
Former High Commissioner to Pakistan

The Digampathana suicide truck attack on 16th October 2006 remains the deadliest single strike in Sri Lanka Navy history, leaving scars that time cannot erase.

It was a seemingly ordinary Monday morning on 16 October 2006, but the calm of that day would soon be shattered in a way none of us could have imagined. As the Commandant of the Naval and Maritime Academy and Flag Officer Commanding Naval Fleet at Trincomalee, I was aware that a number of my cadets were travelling that morning, part of a convoy of fifteen buses carrying naval personnel from Trincomalee, Colombo, and other bases, heading toward Dambulla to rendezvous with another group. The convoy also included trucks and escort vehicles, a routine movement planned and coordinated with the army to ensure the roads were clear. The morning started quietly. Some personnel greeted friends, handed over their weapons, or strolled to a nearby tea shop. It all seemed so ordinary—too ordinary for what would come next.

Sri Lanka Navy sunk LTTE Ships carrying arms, ammunition and warlike materials thousand miles away from Sri Lanka in Indian Ocean in September and October 2007.

By late morning, both convoys had reached the small ground at Digampathana, near the Sigiriya junction, and personnel mingled briefly, unaware that a carefully orchestrated act of terror was waiting. Then, suddenly, an empty half-truck veered directly into the convoy. It exploded with a ferocity I can still recall as if it were yesterday. Nuts, bolts, and high explosives tore through the air. Pandemonium erupted instantly. I later learned that 107 of our naval personnel were killed on the spot and another 153 critically injured. The scene was indescribable—bodies scattered, vehicles mangled, personal effects strewn across the ground. I remember later hearing that the head of the suicide bomber was recovered more than 100 meters away from the blast, a grim testament to the sheer force of the explosion.

I was in my office at the Naval and Maritime Academy when my mobile phone rang. A young midshipman from the 21st intake called, his voice trembling: “Sir, there was a huge explosion at the convoy point! Many are dead … my batch mate Wijesundara is among them.” I immediately jumped into my jeep with my escort Chief Petty Officer and driver and rushed to Digampathana, relying on every ounce of my driving skill to reach the scene. The journey, which usually took little more than an hour, felt endless that day, each passing mile weighed down by dread.

When I arrived, I was confronted with a sight that no training can prepare you for. The injured were being rushed to Dambulla Hospital, where doctors and nurses worked tirelessly, improvising in ways that saved lives despite the overwhelming chaos. I went back to the site after visiting the hospital. The remains of our naval personnel were scattered across the ground, and someone had begun collecting weapons and protective gear. I immediately contacted Surgeon Rear Admiral Nico Jayasekara and received his instructions: collect all body parts in separate bags and transport them to the Trincomalee Naval Hospital mortuary. This gruesome work had to be done with care and dignity, and it filled the icebox in my vehicle. Through DNA testing initiated by Rear Admiral Nico, we were able to identify every naval personnel lost that day, bringing some closure to grieving families.

The Navy Commander at the time, Vice Admiral Wasantha Karannagoda, was devastated. I had worked closely with him and knew how deeply he cared for his men. He ensured that the fallen were honoured with full ceremonial naval funerals at Welisara Naval Base, attended by families and comrades. Sixty-seven funerals were conducted in a single day—a number that still haunts me.

The Digampathana attack remains the largest single loss of naval life in our history. It was a day of sorrow, but also a day that reinforced our resolve. The tragedy galvanized the Navy to target the LTTE Sea Tiger wing with renewed determination and reshaped our maritime operations forever. Every time I think of that day, I remember not just the lives lost, but the courage, professionalism, and dedication of those who survived, those who treated the injured, and those who ensured the fallen were honored properly. May the souls of our naval hero’s rest in peace, their sacrifice guiding us and inspiring generations of naval personnel to come.

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‘Murder at Whitby Abbey’

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Tales of Mystery and Suspense – 24

I was intrigued by the title of a book I found in a book drop at the condominium of a friend, Murder at Whitby Abbey, and I brought it home with me though I will not be able to return it in the near future. It was described on the cover page as ‘a standout in the crowded medieval mystery field’, though I fear I do not know of other books in this field, apart from the Cadfael series, which I have dealt with earlier.

The book, by Cassandra Clark, is set during the reign of Richard II and has as a backdrop his precarious position, which led to his being replaced, and murdered, by his cousin Henry, who reigned as Henry IV. It is a gloomy book, the action taking place in the twelve days of Christmas leading up to the Epiphany. And the gloom is pervasive, even though this is supposed to be a time of festivity, with mummers performing, and many of those in the guest house where the heroine stays going to town to enjoy themselves, with much drinking and much music, which also fills the guesthouse.

The heroine Hildegarde is a nun, sent to try to acquire a relic being sold by Whitby Abbey, though this was also a penance set by the Abbot of the monastery that governed her abbess because she had had sex with a man. Soon after she and her companions reach the Abbey set high on a cliff, she finds that there are other bidders, and soon suspects that the hierarchy, not perhaps the Abbot who seems a weakling, but his rapacious bursar, is determined to make money, and not above creating false relics to sell to several aspirants.

After Hildegarde and her Cistercian companions – Whitby is a Benedictine Foundation – two monks, Gregory and Egbert, and a young priest Mark, reach the abbey, they find that Aelwyn, a monk they had met on their way to the guesthouse had died. This was in the apple store, and they realize, when they find the surplices of novices stuffed into the air vents, that he had been left to suffocate in the overwhelming scent of apples.

Clark

The Cistercians are asked to look into the death, perhaps because they are likely to get no cooperation from the Abbey folk, but perhaps because those in charge are keen to know what happened. And the infirmarer, an old monk, suggests Hildegarde talk to a man called Edred who worked for the bursar, and had been a friend of Aelwyn’s. But Edred too is killed, before he can keep an appointment he had made with Hildegarde, drowned in a pool near the farmhouse of the Abbey.

Meanwhile tensions arise between the fisherfolk and the abbey for the bursar wants to charge them for using the beach that technically belongs to the abbey to dry their fish and their nets. This leads to physical battles, when the guards used by the abbey, under the command it seems of the bursar whose determination to make money is not resisted by the abbot and the prior, try to storm the area where the fishermen live.

Hildegard finds out more about what had happened through two youngsters, one of whom Torold is the son of Aelwyn by a woman who worked as a prostitute for a cartel, and with whom Mark fell in love. The other works on the farm and had seen Edred meet someone near the pool, after which that someone left the place by himself. And the boy had also found in the pool a sort of dagger with the seal of the abbey.

He and his dog, and Torold who follows her, rescue Hildegarde from a man at arms who has waylaid her and tries to rape her earlier. Escaping into the abbey she was nearly been raped then by the bursar, but she managed to escape, in the process setting fire to him and the muniments room, which led, when he was rescued, to the discovery of a box with the money he said had been stolen, blame being cast on both Aelwyn and Edred.

Matters come to a head when the fisherfolk try to storm the abbey, being resisted by the men at arms stationed on the towers. But then Hildegarde realizes that behind the murders was the bursar’s clerk, whom she pursued to the cathedral. There is great drama then as she escapes from him when he tries to kill her, and then from the man at arms who had tried to both rape and kill her, but they both fall from the scaffolding she had climbed, the latter coming from a tower where he had been stationed.

Both of them think they run the rapacity of the abbey, the latter claiming to work for the nobles opposed to Richard, who is presented throughout the book as devoted to his subjects, not to power or money. But though the villains die, the bursar continues, having got over the hysteria the fire had caused and his acknowledgment then of guilt – and though the abbot and the prior seem less vicious, whether they will be able to assert themselves is questionable.

Before the climax, when the others in the guesthouse were leaving, Hildegarde found that two of them were in possession of the relic, for which they seem to have paid well. Hildegarde herself had made a derisory offer, but before she leaves the abbot gives her the relic, perhaps in gratitude for what she and her fellow Cistercians had discovered, the abbey having made as much money as it needed and more from the gullible other buyers.

Mark’s inamorata is saved from the stews because she moves in with Edred’s widow whom the bursar had thrown out of the rooms he occupied when her husband was found dead. Hildegarde had paid for lodgings, in a house run by the man who ran the brothels, but he had a kindly side and was going to finance them to make nets for the fishermen.

So, the Cistercians set off for their home as swiftly as they can to get there on the day of the Epiphany, having stopped en route to pray for King Richard whose birthday it was.

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