Features
Where Mahakassapa – Waiting for Maitreya

by Bhante S. Dhammika of Australia
Grave, austere and given to solitude, Mahakassapa was one of the Buddha’s foremost disciples. When Sariputta and Moggallana predeceased the Buddha it was Mahakassapa who came to be seen as his successor. Several important discourses in the Tipitaka are attributed to him, he was the leader of the ascetic movement within the Sangha, and presided over the First Buddhist Council. In later centuries in China, he was seen as the founder of the Ch’an (Jhana) school of Buddhism.
Pali sources have much to say about Mahakassapa’s life but strangely, they are silent about his last years and his death, the details of which are found it the Sarvastivadin Vinaya, the Divyavadana and several other early Sanskrit works. Although the details differ slightly in different sources, its outline is basically the same. Just before his final Nirvana, the Buddha exchanged his robe with Makassapa’s – an incident confirmed in the Tipitaka, although there this is said to have taken place just after Mahakassapa’s first meeting with the Buddha.
Some 20 years later, feeling that death was approaching, Mahakassapa made his way to a remote mountain with the intention of climbing to the top. When a rocky cliff blocked his way, he struck it with his staff and it opened to let him through. As he reached the summit, a cavity appeared in the rocks; he entered, the cavity closed, and he fell into a deep samadhi. The legend concludes by saying that in the distant future when Maitreya appears in the world, he will come to this mountain and awaken Mahakassapa, who will pass the Buddha’s robe to him. Then Maitreya will proceed to proclaim the new dispensation. The place where all these events did and will unfold was called Gurupadagiri (Teacher’s Foot Mountain) or more usually Kukkutapadagiri (Cock’s Foot Mountain), apparently because its three pointed peaks resembled a cock’s foot.
During the time Buddhism flourished in India Kukktapadagiri was one of the most popular destination for pilgrims because of its association with both Mahakassapa and Maitreya. The stupa on the summit, said in the Asokavadana to have been built by King Asoka was always depicted on statues of Maitreya as nestled in his crown. One of the few statues of Mahakassapa ever found in India has an inscription on it giving his biography and concludes by saying that “he entered Nirvana on the charming hill of Gurupadagiri.”
The mountain gained the reputation as the abode of saints and sages. In one account we read: “On this mountain as of old, there are arahats abiding. Devotees from various countries go year by year to the mountain and present offerings to Kassapa, and those whose hearts are strong in faith arahats will come to them at night and talk with them, discussing and resolving their doubts and disappearing suddenly afterwards.”
One of the saints who is said to have lived on the mountain was the great philosopher Asanga. Legend says he spent 12 years meditating in a cave there, hoping to have a vision of Maitreya. After six years without success, he decided to give up and leave, but just as he was about to do so he noticed a bird’s nest and besides it the rock was worn smooth by the wing of the occupant brushing against it. This object lesson in patience inspired Asanga to continue his practice which eventually bore fruit.
Many of the Chinese pilgrims who visited India between the fourth and the 11th centuries CE went to the sacred mountain. I-tsing says he dreamed fondly of climbing Kukkutapadagiri even before leaving China – a dream he was later able to realize. The monk Hsuan-hui is said to have climbed the mountain often during the several years he stayed in Bodh Gaya. Faxian and particularly Xuanzang, left detailed descriptions of the place. So strong among Chinese was the desire to visit Kukkutapadagiri that as pilgrimage to India became increasingly difficult after the 11th century, a mountain in China, Che Chu Shan, in Yunnan Provence, came to be seen as the real one. Even today, Chinese Buddhists will express surprise and confusion when told that Mahakassapa’s mountain is actually in India, not in their country.
The sacred mountain continued to attract pilgrims right up to Buddhism’s twilight period in India. Taranatha, the great Tibetan historian, wrote that the Tantric adept Sanavasika lived in a cave on the mountain for some years. The last reference in traditional Buddhist literature to anyone going there is in the biography of the great rambler Buddhagupta, who stayed there briefly during his travels in the 16th century. After that, we here no more of Kukkutapadagiri.
During the second half of the 19th century, British archaeologists and antiquarians interested in the historical topography of India used the writings of the Chinese pilgrims and modern survey maps to try to identify ancient Buddhist sites, including Kukkutapadagiri. The first person to try to identify it was Major Markham Kittoe and he was followed by the intrepid Alexander Cunningham, Sir Aural Stein and several others. But despite their best efforts and the historical information they brought to the task, all the hills they thought were the sacred mountain turned out not to be so.
In 1906, two Indians, Sreegopal Bosa and Rakhal Das Banerji, brought to the attention of scholars yet another site some 20 miles from Bodh Gaya, suggesting that it might be Kukkutapadagiri. The evidence in favour of this place was compelling. Its modern name, Grupa, was an exact Prakritic development of Gurupada, the mountain’s alternative name; there were Buddhist sculptures and inscriptions there; it was still held sacred by local people; it had all the geological features mentioned by the Chinese pilgrims, in particular the great crack in the rock that legend said was made when Mahakassapa struck it with his staff; and finally, its distance and direction from Bodh Gaya as given by Xuanxang roughly corresponds with Grupa’s location.
There is a line of three small Hindu shrines on the top of the mountain and on the floor in one of these is a stone with a pair of footprints on it with an inscription. The first part of this inscription is the famous dhammapariyaya which was always used to consecrate Buddha images, while the remaining part has not yet been translated. This inscription is in Kutila script which dates from the 10th century CE. There seems little doubt that the footprints on the stone were believed to be those of Mahakassapa and which that they gave the mountain the second of its two names, Gurupadagiri, Mountain of the Teacher’s Footprint.
Next time you go on pilgrimage to Bodh Gaya plan to stay a little longer, make inquiries on how to get to Gurpa and make a point of visiting Kukkutapadagiri, the place where legend says Mahakassapa waits for Maitreya.
Features
Religious extremism set to gain from rising Israel-Iran hostilities

Many of the international pronouncements on the current dangerously escalating Israel-Iran hostilities could be seen as lacking in adequate balance and comprehensiveness. The majority of these reactions could be said to be failing in addressing the aspects of the conflict that matter most.
For example, there is the recent UN General Assembly resolution on the crisis which calls for an ‘immediate, unconditional and lasting ceasefire in the Gaza’ and which goes on to urge ‘Member States to take necessary steps to ensure Israel complies with its international legal obligations.’ An immediate and durable ceasefire is indeed the number one requirement in the Middle East today but could it be ‘unconditional’? Could it ignore the principal requirement of Israel’s security? These posers need to be addressed as well.
Besides, it is not only Israel that should be compelled to meet its ‘international legal obligations.’ All the states and actors that feature in the conflict need to be alerted to their ‘international legal obligations’. While it goes without saying that Israel must meet its international legal obligations fully, the same goes for Iran and all other Middle Eastern countries that enjoy UN membership and who are currently at odds with Israel. For instance, Israel is a UN member state that enjoys equal sovereignty with other states within the UN fold. No such state could seek to ‘bomb Israel out of existence’ for example.
As a significant ‘aside’ it needs to be mentioned that we in Sri Lanka should consider it appropriate to speak the truth in these matters rather than dabble in what is ‘politically correct’. It has been seen as ‘politically correct’ for Sri Lankan governments in particular to take up the cause of only the Palestinians over the decades without considering the legitimate needs of the Israelis. However, a lasting solution to the Middle East imbroglio is impossible to arrive at without taking into account the legitimate requirements of both sides to the conflict.
The G7, meanwhile, is right in stating that ‘Israel has a right to defend itself’, besides ‘reiterating our support for the security of Israel’ but it urges only ‘a de-escalation’ of hostilities and does not call for a ceasefire, which is of prime importance.
It is only an enduring ceasefire that could lay the basis for a cessation of hostilities which could in turn pave the way for the provision of UN humanitarian assistance to the people of the Gaza uninterruptedly for the foreseeable future. There is no getting away from the need for a durable downing of arms which could engender the environment required for negotiations between the warring parties.
Meanwhile, some 22 Muslim majority countries have ‘warned that continued escalation threatens to ignite a broader regional conflict that could destabilize the Middle East’ and called ‘for a return to negotiations as the only solution regarding Iran’s nuclear program.’ This statement addresses some important issues in the crisis but one hopes that the pronouncement went on to call for negotiations that would take up the root causes for the conflict as well and pointed to ways that could address them. For instance, there is no getting away from the ‘Two State Solution’ that envisages peaceful coexistence between the principal warring parties.
The ‘Two State Solution’ has been discredited by sections of the world community but it outlines the most sensible solution to the conflict. As matters stand, the current escalating hostilities, if left unchecked, could not only lead to a wider regional war of attrition but bring about the annihilation of entire populations. There is no alternative to comprehensive negotiations that take on the issues head on.
Besides, all who matter in the current discourse on the crisis need to alert themselves to the dangers of appealing to the religious identities of communities and social groups. When such appeals are made religious passions are stirred, which in turn activate extremist religious outfits that operate outside the bounds of the law and prove difficult to rein-in. This was essentially how ‘9/11’ came about. Accordingly, speaking with a sense of responsibility proves crucial.
In fact, it could be argued that a continuation of the present hostilities would only benefit the above outfits with a destructive mindset. Therefore, comprehensive and constructive negotiations are of the first importance.
The above conditions should ideally be observed by both parties to the conflict. Israel, no less than the Islamic and Arab world, needs to adhere to them. Israeli Prime Minister Netanyahu has no choice but to say ‘No’ to extremists within his cabinet and to ‘show them the door’, inasmuch as hot-headed extremists in the Islamic and Arab world need to be opposed and alienated by the relevant governments.
Meanwhile, the US is on a duplicitous course in the Middle East. Whereas it has no choice but to rein-in Israel and convince it of the need to negotiate an end to the conflict, it is choosing to turn a blind eye to Israel’s military excesses and other irregularities that are blighting the Gazans and the ordinary people of Iran. It ought to be plain to the Trump administration that it is promoting a barbaric war of attrition by continuing to provide Israel with the most lethal weaponry. Currently, it is anybody’s guess as to what the US policy on the Middle East is.
The Islamic and Arab world, on the other hand, should come to understand the imperatives for a defusing of tensions in the region. Decades of conflict and war ought to have made it clear that the suffering of the populations concerned would not draw to a close minus a negotiated peace that ensures the wellbeing of all sections concerned.
As pointed out, the security of Israel needs to be guaranteed by those quarters opposing it. This will require the adoption of a conciliatory attitude towards Israel by state and non-state actors who have thus far been hostile towards it. There needs to be a steady build-up of goodwill on both sides of the divide. If this is fully realized by the Arab world a negotiated solution will be a realistic proposition in the Middle East.
Features
She deserves the crown

We had no luck coming our way at the Miss World 2025 contest – not even our immediate neighbour, India – but I’m glad that Miss Thailand was crowned Miss World 2025 as Thailand happens to be my second home … been to Amazing Thailand many times, courtesy of the Tourism Authority of Thailand.
In fact, even before the Miss World 2025 grand finale, which was held at the beautiful venue of the HITEX Exhibition Centre, in Hyderabad, Telangana, India, my colleagues at office all predicted that Miss Thailand, Opal Suchata Chuangsri, would emerge as the winner.
Yes, indeed, Miss Thailand not only won the hearts of millions but also became the first ever Thai to claim this much sought-after title.
Prior to winning the title of Miss World 2025, Opal Suchata was Thailand’s representative at Miss Universe 2024 and took home the third runner-up title.
Her Miss Universe crown, unfortunately, was subsequently forfeited, due to a contract breach, but she did not let that demotivate her, though, and went on to compete and win the title of Miss World Thailand 2025.
Coming from a family that was in the hospitality industry, her upbringing, in this kind of environment, made her aware of her culture and helped her with her communication skills at a very young age. They say she is very fluent in Thai, English, and Chinese.
Obviously, her achievements at the Miss World 2025 contest is going to bring the 22-year-old beauty immense happiness but I couldn’t believe that this lovely girl, at 16, had surgery to remove a benign breast lump, and that made her launch the ‘Opal For Her’ campaign to promote breast health awareness and early detection of breast cancer, which also became the topic of her ‘Beauty with Purpose’ at the Miss World 2025 contest.
Opal Suchata intends to leverage her Miss World title to advocate for other women’s health issues, as well, and sponsor a number of charitable causes, specifically in women’s health.
Her victory, she says, is not just a personal achievement but a reflection of the dreams and aspirations of young girls around the world who want to be seen, heard, and create change.
What’s more, with interests in psychology and anthropology, Opal Suchata aspires to become an ambassador for Thailand, aiming to represent her country on international platforms and contribute to peace-building efforts.
She believes that regardless of age or title, everyone has a role to play in inspiring others and making a positive impact.
And, what’s more, beyond pageantry, Opal Suchata is an animal lover, caring for 16 cats and five dogs, making her a certified “fur mom.”
She also possesses a special musical ability—she can play the ukulele backwards.
Opal Suchata is already a star with many expressing admiration for her grace, leadership, and passion for making a difference in the world.
And there is also a possibility of this head-turner, from Thailand, entering the Bollywood film industry, after completing her reign as Miss World, as she has also expressed interest in this field.
She says she would love the opportunity and praised the Indian film indstry.
She akso shared her positive experience during her visit to India and her appreciation for the Telangana government.
Congratulations Opal Suchata Chuangsri from Amazing Thailand. You certainly deserve the title Miss World 2025.
What is important is that the Miss World event is among the four globally recognised beauty pageants … yes, the four major international beauty pageants for woment. The other three are Miss Universe, Miss Earth and Miss International.
Unfortunately, in our scene, you get beauty pageants popping up like mushrooms and, I would say, most of them are a waste of money and time for the participants.
Features
Wonders of Coconut Oil…

This week I thought of working on some beauty tips, using coconut oil, which is freely available, and quite affordable, as well.
Let’s start with Coconut Oil as a Moisturiser…
First, make sure your skin is clean and dry before applying the coconut oil. This will allow the oil to penetrate the skin more effectively.
Next, take a small amount of coconut oil and warm it up in your hands by rubbing them together. This will help to melt the oil and make it easier to apply.
Gently massage the oil onto your face and body, focusing on dry areas or areas that need extra hydration.
Allow the oil to absorb into your skin for a few minutes before getting dressed.
Start with a small amount and add more if needed.
* Acne and Blemishes:
Apply a small amount to the affected area and gently massage it in. Leave it on overnight and rinse off in the morning. Remember to patch test before applying it to your entire face to ensure you don’t have any adverse reactions.
* Skin Irritations:
If you’re dealing with skin irritations, coconut oil may be just what you need to find relief. Coconut oil has natural anti-inflammatory properties that can help soothe and calm irritated skin.
Simply apply a thin layer of coconut oil to the affected area and gently massage it in. You can repeat this process as needed throughout the day to keep your skin calm and comfortable.
* Makeup Remover:
To use coconut oil as a makeup remover, simply apply a small amount onto a cotton pad or your fingertips and gently massage it onto your face, in circular motions. The oil will break down the makeup, including waterproof mascara and long-wearing foundation, making it easy to wipe away.
Not only does coconut oil remove makeup, but it also nourishes and hydrates the skin, leaving it feeling soft and smooth. Plus, its antibacterial properties can help prevent breakouts and soothe any existing skin irritations, so give coconut oil a try and experience its natural makeup removing abilities, and also say goodbye to acne and blemishes!
-
Features7 days ago
They came, they won, they returned to Jaffna isles
-
Features5 days ago
As I remember, from 50 years ago: the 75-80 Katubedda Engineering Batch
-
News7 days ago
ITAK candidate elected B’caloa Mayor as NPP seeks alliance with Pillayan
-
Opinion7 days ago
When life becomes more painful than death
-
Features5 days ago
Writing History on Paris Clay – French Open 2025
-
Life style5 days ago
Miss World from Thailand!
-
Features4 days ago
When the water rises: Climate change and the future of Yala’s Mugger Crocodiles
-
Editorial7 days ago
‘Abaran goes to prison’