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WB: Migration wave key to South Asia’s economic future

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Migrants from India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka are well-represented in advanced economies like the United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia.

As job creation in South Asia struggles to keep pace with a booming working-age population, millions are looking beyond national borders for opportunity—fueling a powerful wave of migration that is reshaping economies both at home and abroad, the World Bank said in a report yesterday.

With the region’s adult population projected to grow by 22 million annually until 2030, and only 19 million jobs created each year over the past decade, migration has become a vital economic outlet. Today, South Asian migrants—who make up three percent of the region’s workforce—are doing more than just sending money home; they are driving trade, bringing back skills, and forging global connections that could transform the region’s development trajectory, if guided by smarter, forward-looking policies.

The report by Chief Economist, South Asia Region Franziska Ohnsorge and Senior Economist, Chief Economist Office for South Asia Zoe Leiyu Xie said: About half of South Asian migrants live and work in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries such as Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Qatar. These migrants—especially from countries like Bangladesh, Nepal, and Pakistan—typically work in low-skilled occupations under short-term contracts.

In contrast, a quarter of the South Asian diaspora resides in advanced economies like the United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia. Migrants from India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka are especially well-represented in these destinations. This group is generally more educated. For example, over 60 percent of South Asian migrants in the United Kingdom hold post-secondary qualifications—far higher than the averages in their home countries and higher than migrants from other developing countries.

The difference in destination often determines not only the nature of employment and length of stay, but also the kind of contribution migrants can make to their home economies.

For many South Asian economies, remittances are a lifeline. Between 2020 and 2023, remittances averaged 4 percent of GDP across the region. In Nepal, it was 24 percent. These funds help families meet basic needs, invest in education, and weather economic shocks. But remittances are just one way South Asian diasporas contribute to their home economies.

Migrants contribute to development in many other ways.

Returning migrants bring back savings, skills, and global perspectives that go into entrepreneurship, local investment, and community development. Evidence from Bangladesh, for example, shows that returning workers often use their savings to start small businesses and increase household incomes.

Diaspora networks serve as bridges to frontier knowledge and international markets. High-skilled migrants, particularly in technology and services sectors, can spur innovation and enable cross-border business partnerships, even without their permanent return to the home country. India’s vibrant tech industry owes much to this dynamic.

Trade and investment ties often deepen between migrant-sending countries and host countries, as evidence from other countries has shown. U.S. states with large Vietnamese communities saw significantly faster growth in trade with Vietnam in the 1990s; FDI inflows in China in the 1970s were predominantly from high-income economies with large Chinese diasporas.

In short, migration is not just a one-way ticket to opportunity—it can be a two-way channel for growth and development. If supported by the right policies, migration can yield quadruple wins for the home country, the host country, migrants, as well as their families.

The Need for Smarter Migration Policies

To unlock the full benefits of migration, governments need to take a more proactive and strategic approach. International experiences such as those shared during the recent South Asia Labor Mobility Conference, hosted in Bhutan, offer several lessons:

Formal bilateral labor agreements can greatly improve outcomes for migrants. Skilling arrangements such as the Global Skill Partnerships complement these agreements and maximize benefits for all parties involved.

Pre-departure training and support matter. Korea’s Employment Permit System, which includes skills training, health insurance, and legal protections, has served over 56,000 migrants annually, many from South Asia. With proper preparation and safeguards, even low-skilled migration can deliver long-term gains.

Engagement with the diaspora helps. Policies that remove barriers to investment and trade and create platforms for knowledge exchange while diasporas are abroad, and encourage return migration can help translate brain drain into brain gain.

Support to reintegration helps smooth the transition to domestic labor markets. Policies that support business incubation, credit access, and job placement—can amplify the impact of returnees. Removing regulatory obstacles to their return and improving business climates will help encourage returnees to bring entrepreneurial ambitions and capital back.

In the face of sluggish growth and limited job creation, tapping the full economic potential of South Asia diasporas abroad is more important than ever. By shifting the focus from short-term remittances to long-term partnerships, South Asia can turn migration into a source of resilience, prosperity, and shared opportunity. By shifting the focus from short-term remittances to long-term partnerships, South Asia can turn migration into a source of resilience, prosperity, and shared opportunity.



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Police open fire on speeding van in Jaffna: 17-year-old driver killed

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The van shot by the police

Police are investigating the circumstances under which its men, manning a checkpoint, opened fire on a vehicle, killing a 17-year-old boy in Jaffna, in the early hours of yesterday (10).

Police said that they opened fire at a van that ignored orders to stop at the checkpoint. The dead youth was identified as Albino Arul Bias, a resident of Vaddukoddai. Bias was identified as the driver of the vehicle.

Sources said that the incident happened at a checkpoint at the Alaipiddy junction, along the Jaffna–Urkavalthurai road.

After the vehicle was brought to a stop, the teenage boy, who had been inside, was found to have sustained critical gunshot injuries. He was subsequently transported to the Jaffna Teaching Hospital for emergency treatment. Despite medical intervention, he later succumbed to his injuries.

Two other individuals, who were inside the vehicle, have been taken into custody by police. Authorities have stated that one of those arrested is from the Vaddukoddai area, while the other is from Nallur.

Assistant Superintendent of Police, Attorney-at-Law, F. U. Wootler said that the men had no option but to open fire as they were suspicious of the vehicle. “The incident happened around 1 am in the morning and their failure to heed the police order couldn’t be justified under any circumstances,” the spokesman said (SF)

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HRCSL employee protests demanding justice, takes swipe at Presidential Secretariat

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Ayanthini Shiromini protests opposite HRCSL main office at R.A. de Mel Mawatha yesterday (10) pic by Nishan S. Priyantha

‘There is no basis for her accusations’- HRCSL

By Shamindra Ferdinando

Permanent employee of Human Rights Commission of Sri Lanka (HRCSL) Ayanthini Shiromini yesterday (10) protested outside its main office at No 14, R.A. de Mel Mawatha, formerly Duplication road, in a bid to draw the attention of the Presidential Secretariat to her plight.

At the protest site, Shiromini told The Island that she had been relentlessly targeted since 2018 and the situation took a turn for worse in 2023 over her protest against the appointment of a particular member to an internal interview board and an incident pertaining to a complaint lodged against the then IGP Deshabandu Tennakoon.

Responding to a query regarding the 2018 developments, Shiromini said that she met with a near fatal accident in 2014 while engaged in official duty and depended on crutches for eight years and was recommended by a medical board to grant the opportunity for suitable work. Mother of two and post graduate social science in Kelaniya University and human rights at the Colombo University alleged that the HRCSL changed her status regardless of the recommendation made by the medical board.

Having failed to convince the top HRCSL administration to treat her fairly, Shiromi said that she sought the intervention of the Presidential Secretariat in late July 2025 to rectify the problems experienced by her.

She alleged that the Presidential Secretariat sided with the HRCSL and did absolutely nothing. “Instead of taking remedial measures, the Presidential Secretariat sent the file submitted by me against the HRCSL top management back to them. They shouldn’t have done that,” Shiromini said.

Shiromini staged a protest opposite HRCSL main office on the world human rights day on Dec 10, last year to highlight what she called injustice done to her by the HRCSL and the Presidential Secretariat. Shiromi said that she called off the protest after receiving an assurance from the Presidential Secretariat that two committees would be appointed to inquire into issues raised by her. “I had no option but to protest again as the Presidential Secretariat did nothing to address her grievances.”

A top spokesperson for HRCSL said that her allegations didn’t hold legal weight. The Parliamentary Ombudsman inquired into her accusations and the HRCSL fully explained the developments since the 2014 accident that took place in the Balangoda area.

The official said that after the accident she was granted the opportunity to work from home and other relief. “But we couldn’t have continued with the same indefinitely and she reacted angrily after a decision was made to treat her like a normal employee after the recovery,” the official said.

Shiromini has served the HRCSL since 2005. The official strongly denied allegations that Shiromini had been mistreated and harassed by a section of the HRCSL staff. “Of course, there had been a series of clashes with other employees and incidents provoked by the disgruntled worker but the HRCSL tried to address the issues in a systematic way,” the official said.

The official alleged that Shiromini exploited the post-Aragalaya situation for her advantage.

Shiromini said that she intended to continue the protest until the Presidential Secretariat ordered an investigation into the conduct of HRCSL top management. In a lengthy letter addressed to members of parliament, Shiromini named the Presidential Secretariat personnel who mishandled her case.

The HRCSL official said that in spite of her being a long-standing employee of the institution she seemed to be unaware that the President couldn’t appoint a committee to inquire into the HRCSL. “We do not have anything to hide,” the official said, calling the lone protester a quarrelsome employee.

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SL-EU Jt. Commission meeting tomorrow

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Sri Lanka and the European Union (EU) will hold the 27th Session of the EU-Sri Lanka Joint Commission in Colombo tomorrow (12). This high-level meeting will bring together senior officials from both sides to review and strengthen partnership across several areas, including governance, human rights, trade, development cooperation, and other bilateral and regional priorities.

The Joint Commission will be co-chaired by Ms. Aruni Ranaraja, Secretary to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Foreign Employment and Tourism of Sri Lanka, and Ms. Paola Pampaloni, Acting Managing Director for Asia and the Pacific of the European External Action Service (EEAS).

The visiting EU delegation will also meet senior Sri Lankan dignitaries to discuss collaborative approaches and concrete next steps to strengthen the ongoing partnership.

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