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Transparency International sets out needed safeguards for drug procurement

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TISL Deputy Executive Director Sankhitha Gunaratne

The recent procurements of medical supplies are under the microscope in the wake of a series of adverse events reported in the country over the past few months. Following severe allergic reactions among patients which even claimed a few lives, the use of certain batches of imported drugs has been suspended. With these developments, many concerns have been raised about the quality and safety of drugs imported to the country through emergency procurement processes.

In an interview with the Sunday Island, Sankhitha Gunaratne, Deputy Executive Director of Transparency International Sri Lanka (TISL), highlighted that the failure to adhere to proper procedure is evident in the recent health sector procurements, and that providing Waivers of Registration for pharmaceutical products imported to Sri Lanka has become a frequent practice.

Excerpts of the interview:

Q: Emergency procurements in the health sector have run into controversy recently. What are the corruption risks behind them?

Any procurement needs to be done in a transparent and accountable manner, following competitive bidding in as many situations as possible to get the best value for money. Obtaining good quality, efficacious and safe drugs and medical supplies for the best possible price should be the objective when it comes to health sector procurement.

If a procurement process is not competitive, that is if unsolicited proposals are given or the Government proceeds on the basis of single-sourcing, it raises a red flag on corruption.In an emergency situation, of course, things need to be done fast, but it does not mean that we should settle for anything less than the best quality medication. Certainly, we should not settle for medication that can cause risks to people’s lives. These have become relevant both in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and the economic crisis that followed.

Quality assurance is critical in the medical sector, as otherwise it can lead to mortalities, like what is happening in the country now.

A natural question that arises and a major allegation that is being made, is whether the single-source/unsolicited suppliers are in any way, politically or otherwise, aligned with those who have power, including the Health Minister or the Cabinet, to secure this kind of procurement. The level of discretion given to the Cabinet of Ministers in this kind of instance, especially in emergency situations, is too wide. This is a systemic problem in Sri Lanka’s procurement sector that needs to be addressed.

Q: Given the recent developments, what are the major concerns your organization has about the process followed when importing pharmaceutical drugs under the Indian Credit Line? Do you think the conduct of the National Medicines Regulatory Authority (NMRA) and the Health Minister has been appropriate in this instance?

Just because India with its Credit Line has, laudably, provided support to Sri Lanka, it does not mean that we can do away with proper procedure. Even emergency procurements have to follow due process and should ensure that quality is not compromised. One major way to address this risk, is to have absolute transparency around the process that is followed.

Even though the Indian Credit Line binds us to obtain the relevant goods and medical supplies from the Indian market, it does not stand to reason to say that only one or two suppliers exist to make a bid on particular drug supplies. We all know that it is a huge market, a market that has been supplying to Sri Lanka for many years. Therefore, getting drugs from unregistered companies or getting unregistered drugs can only be justified in exceptional situations.

The bigger problem here seems to be that Waivers of Registration that are granted by the NMRA have become commonplace. It seems that the NMRA has been reduced to a rubber stamp, when in reality, the burden upon that institution in that situation is to ensure that the lives of the Sri Lankan people, who would consume those drugs, are in safe hands. Waivers of Registration should only be granted in exceptional circumstances. Currently, however, the NMRA not only grants such waivers, but specifically states that it does not take responsibility for the quality and efficacy of such drugs. This is unacceptable.

The NMRA has a responsibility to ensure that Sri Lankan people are not administered drugs that are of low quality and are possibly life-threatening or causing chronic or dire consequences. In this situation, the NMRA needs to adequately apply its mind to the question of quality assurance and standardization.

As a watchdog organization on corruption, we believe the Health Minister and the authorities have to act with responsibility and transparency. They must be willing to be accountable to the people for their actions. Making more information public, would also allow them to prove their innocence to the public, if there has been no irregularity in the process followed.

The committee appointed to look into the recent incidents of drug allergies reported in several hospitals points to a conflict of interest because the appointments have been made by the Health Minister himself, whose conduct has also been questioned in this instance.

The Government should not, in any instance, attempt to bypass Sri Lanka’s procurement process. We have to ensure that our domestic laws are followed to the letter even in emergency contexts.

Q: As a corruption watchdog, what action has your organization taken with regard to the recent developments involving emergency procurements in the health sector?

TISL has already gone to the Supreme Court because of allegations that were made and information that came to light about possible corruption within the procurement that took place through the Indian Credit Line from a company called ‘Savorite Pharmaceuticals’. It was done as early as February this year, naming 47 Respondents, including the Cabinet of Ministers, the Health Minister, and the NMRA.

This case, filed in the public interest, challenged the role of the Cabinet of Ministers in procuring medical supplies through unregistered private suppliers, the role of the NMRA in providing Waivers of Registration to procure medical supplies from unregistered suppliers, non-compliance with procurement guidelines and abuse of process by the Health Minister and the Chief Executive Officer of the NMRA.

Supreme Court, while granting leave-to-proceed in the Fundamental Rights (FR) petition on April 6, issued an interim order suspending further imports of pharmaceuticals from ‘Savorite Pharmaceuticals’. The Court also issued a second interim order that the quality and safety of the drugs which were imported at the time, should be proven through tests conducted by an independent party.

These interim orders were given on the basis that there was a prima-facie case to show that the proper procurement procedure has not been followed and that there was no assurance of the quality and efficacy of drugs obtained through that entity. The matter will be gone into detail in the coming months.

Q: How does your organization recommend tackling corruption and improving transparency in the health sector procurement?

In the medium to long term, we highlight that the existing procurement guidelines and related laws in Sri Lanka need to be updated, simplified and consolidated, possibly as one ‘National Procurement Law’. Currently, there is no law on procurement, thus these guidelines should be converted into a law.

Guidelines and laws should not be too technical, and citizens must have access to relevant information through online means, so that citizens and watchdogs can monitor whether corruption or corruption risks exist within procurements in general, and specifically, in the health sector.

The current procurement process is mired in opacity. It takes place through several administrative levels, and does not truly ensure a process that is accountable. It cannot be easily challenged because a lot of it takes place hidden in bureaucracy and behind closed doors. As a result, there is space for vested interests to come into play and for corruption to take place.

We also need to shift to an e-procurement system that would allow citizens to have more access to information related to procurements as they happen, beyond what the currently available platform “promise.lk” facilitates. This would allow citizens and third parties to monitor whether they truly get the best value for money. Transparency is necessary to ensure that we do not bleed out public resources for the personal gain of a few.



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Acid test emerges for US-EU ties

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European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen

European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen addressing the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland on Tuesday put forward the EU’s viewpoint on current questions in international politics with a clarity, coherence and eloquence that was noteworthy. Essentially, she aimed to leave no one in doubt that a ‘new form of European independence’ had emerged and that European solidarity was at a peak.

These comments emerge against the backdrop of speculation in some international quarters that the Post-World War Two global political and economic order is unraveling. For example, if there was a general tacit presumption that US- Western European ties in particular were more or less rock-solid, that proposition apparently could no longer be taken for granted.

For instance, while US President Donald Trump is on record that he would bring Greenland under US administrative control even by using force against any opposition, if necessary, the EU Commission President was forthright that the EU stood for Greenland’s continued sovereignty and independence.

In fact at the time of writing, small military contingents from France, Germany, Sweden, Norway and the Netherlands are reportedly already in Greenland’s capital of Nook for what are described as limited reconnaissance operations. Such moves acquire added importance in view of a further comment by von der Leyen to the effect that the EU would be acting ‘in full solidarity with Greenland and Denmark’; the latter being the current governing entity of Greenland.

It is also of note that the EU Commission President went on to say that the ‘EU has an unwavering commitment to UK’s independence.’ The immediate backdrop to this observation was a UK decision to hand over administrative control over the strategically important Indian Ocean island of Diego Garcia to Mauritius in the face of opposition by the Trump administration. That is, European unity in the face of present controversial moves by the US with regard to Greenland and other matters of contention is an unshakable ‘given’.

It is probably the fact that some prominent EU members, who also hold membership of NATO, are firmly behind the EU in its current stand-offs with the US that is prompting the view that the Post-World War Two order is beginning to unravel. This is, however, a matter for the future. It will be in the interests of the contending quarters concerned and probably the world to ensure that the present tensions do not degenerate into an armed confrontation which would have implications for world peace.

However, it is quite some time since the Post-World War Two order began to face challenges. Observers need to take their minds back to the Balkan crisis and the subsequent US invasions of Afghanistan and Iraq in the immediate Post-Cold War years, for example, to trace the basic historic contours of how the challenges emerged. In the above developments the seeds of global ‘disorder’ were sown.

Such ‘disorder’ was further aggravated by the Russian invasion of Ukraine four years ago. Now it may seem that the world is reaping the proverbial whirlwind. It is relevant to also note that the EU Commission President was on record as pledging to extend material and financial support to Ukraine in its travails.

Currently, the international law and order situation is such that sections of the world cannot be faulted for seeing the Post World War Two international order as relentlessly unraveling, as it were. It will be in the interests of all concerned for negotiated solutions to be found to these global tangles. In fact von der Leyen has committed the EU to finding diplomatic solutions to the issues at hand, including the US-inspired tariff-related squabbles.

Given the apparent helplessness of the UN system, a pre-World War Two situation seems to be unfolding, with those states wielding the most armed might trying to mould international power relations in their favour. In the lead-up to the Second World War, the Hitlerian regime in Germany invaded unopposed one Eastern European country after another as the League of Nations stood idly by. World War Two was the result of the Allied Powers finally jerking themselves out of their complacency and taking on Germany and its allies in a full-blown world war.

However, unlike in the late thirties of the last century, the seeming number one aggressor, which is the US this time around, is not going unchallenged. The EU which has within its fold the foremost of Western democracies has done well to indicate to the US that its power games in Europe are not going unmonitored and unchecked. If the US’ designs to take control of Greenland and Denmark, for instance, are not defeated the world could very well be having on its hands, sooner rather than later, a pre-World War Two type situation.

Ironically, it is the ‘World’s Mightiest Democracy’ which is today allowing itself to be seen as the prime aggressor in the present round of global tensions. In the current confrontations, democratic opinion the world over is obliged to back the EU, since it has emerged as the principal opponent of the US, which is allowing itself to be seen as a fascist power.

Hopefully sane counsel would prevail among the chief antagonists in the present standoff growing, once again, out of uncontainable territorial ambitions. The EU is obliged to lead from the front in resolving the current crisis by diplomatic means since a region-wide armed conflict, for instance, could lead to unbearable ill-consequences for the world.

It does not follow that the UN has no role to play currently. Given the existing power realities within the UN Security Council, the UN cannot be faulted for coming to be seen as helpless in the face of the present tensions. However, it will need to continue with and build on its worldwide development activities since the global South in particular needs them very badly.

The UN needs to strive in the latter directions more than ever before since multi-billionaires are now in the seats of power in the principle state of the global North, the US. As the charity Oxfam has pointed out, such financially all-powerful persons and allied institutions are multiplying virtually incalculably. It follows from these realities that the poor of the world would suffer continuous neglect. The UN would need to redouble its efforts to help these needy sections before widespread poverty leads to hemispheric discontent.

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Features

Brighten up your skin …

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Hi! This week I’ve come up with tips to brighten up your skin.

* Turmeric and Yoghurt Face Pack:

You will need 01 teaspoon of turmeric powder and 02 tablespoons of fresh yoghurt.

Mix the turmeric and yoghurt into a smooth paste and apply evenly on clean skin. Leave it for 15–20 minutes and then rinse with lukewarm water

Benefits:

Reduces pigmentation, brightens dull skin and fights acne-causing bacteria.

* Lemon and Honey Glow Pack:

Mix 01teaspoon lemon juice and 01 tablespoon honey and apply it gently to the face. Leave for 10–15 minutes and then wash off with cool water.

Benefits:

Lightens dark spots, improves skin tone and deeply moisturises. By the way, use only 01–02 times a week and avoid sun exposure after use.

* Aloe Vera Gel Treatment:

All you need is fresh aloe vera gel which you can extract from an aloe leaf. Apply a thin layer, before bedtime, leave it overnight, and then wash face in the morning.

Benefits:

Repairs damaged skin, lightens pigmentation and adds natural glow.

* Rice Flour and Milk Scrub:

You will need 01 tablespoon rice flour and 02 tablespoons fresh milk.

Mix the rice flour and milk into a thick paste and then massage gently in circular motions. Leave for 10 minutes and then rinse with water.

Benefits:

Removes dead skin cells, improves complexion, and smoothens skin.

* Tomato Pulp Mask:

Apply the tomato pulp directly, leave for 15 minutes, and then rinse with cool water

Benefits:

Controls excess oil, reduces tan, and brightens skin naturally.

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Features

Shooting for the stars …

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That’s precisely what 25-year-old Hansana Balasuriya has in mind – shooting for the stars – when she was selected to represent Sri Lanka on the international stage at Miss Intercontinental 2025, in Sahl Hasheesh, Egypt.

The grand finale is next Thursday, 29th January, and Hansana is all geared up to make her presence felt in a big way.

Her journey is a testament to her fearless spirit and multifaceted talents … yes, her life is a whirlwind of passion, purpose, and pageantry.

Raised in a family of water babies (Director of The Deep End and Glory Swim Shop), Hansana’s love affair with swimming began in childhood and then she branched out to master the “art of 8 limbs” as a Muay Thai fighter, nailed Karate and Kickboxing (3-time black belt holder), and even threw herself into athletics (literally!), especially throwing events, and netball, as well.

A proud Bishop’s College alumna, Hansana’s leadership skills also shone bright as Senior Choir Leader.

She earned a BA (Hons) in Business Administration from Esoft Metropolitan University, and then the world became her playground.

Before long, modelling and pageantry also came into her scene.

She says she took to part-time modelling, as a hobby, and that led to pageants, grabbing 2nd Runner-up titles at Miss Nature Queen and Miss World Sri Lanka 2025.

When she’s not ruling the stage, or pool, Hansana’s belting tunes with Soul Sounds, Sri Lanka’s largest female ensemble.

What’s more, her artistry extends to drawing, and she loves hitting the open road for long drives, she says.

This water warrior is also on a mission – as Founder of Wave of Safety,

Hansana happens to be the youngest Executive Committee Member of the Sri Lanka Aquatic Sports Union (SLASU) and, as founder of Wave of Safety, she’s spreading water safety awareness and saving lives.

Today is Hansana’s ninth day in Egypt and the itinerary for today, says National Director for Sri Lanka, Brian Kerkoven, is ‘Jeep Safari and Sunset at the Desert.’

And … the all-important day at Miss Intercontinental 2025 is next Thursday, 29th January.

Well, good luck to Hansana.

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