Features
Traffic chaos in Kandy: Urgent government intervention needed
Air pollution in Kandy has reached unprecedentedly higher levels and health authorities have voiced their concern on several occasions about the issue of increasing respiratory diseases. Kandy does not have major industries or power plants and the sole contributor to air pollution is the large number of motor vehicles. The increase in air pollution in Kandy can be attributed to increasing traffic congestion and traffic jams, Combustion of petrol and diesel in motor vehicles produces carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and fine particles. When vehicles move in traffic jams, the familiar sight of black smoke coming from these vehicles is clearly visible to our naked eye.
However, the most dangerous air pollutants are the fine particles which we cannot see with our naked eye and technically known as the PM 2.5 fraction composed of particles with diameters less than 2.5 micrometres (1 micrometer is one millionths of a metre). These are respirable going right into our lungs and then to the bloodstream. Such particles have severe impacts on the lungs and the heart. Exposure can result in coughing or difficulty in breathing, aggravated asthma, development of other chronic respiratory diseases, chronic heart diseases and stroke.
In addition, these fine particles which are made up of carbon adsorb various unburnt hydrocarbons in petrol and diesel and some compounds such as the polyaromatic hydrocarbons are well known carcinogens. The PM2.5 level is often considered as the single most important parameter to determine air quality of a city and the level recorded for Kandy on 12-11-2025 was 50 microgrammes per cubic metre which is five times higher than the WHO standard of 10 microgrammes per cubic metre for healthy air. This parameter is typically used in the calculation of the air quality index (AQI) of a locality. It is possible to get the current AQI levels of major Sri Lankan cities from the internet web sites.
There are many reasons for the dismal state of the air quality in Kandy. Around 100,000 vehicles enter the city daily. Due to limited roads there are severe traffic jams which produce more fine particles compared to vehicles moving at a steady speed. In addition, reopening Dalada Veediya should receive the immediate attention of authorities which will decrease the traffic congestion around the Kandy lake. This road has been closed on flimsy excuses and our politicians who are, too, concerned with the potential opposition from the Mahanayakas have never tackled this issue. Already, the Mahanayaka of the Malwatte chapter has given his consent to reopening this road. Government should talk to those who oppose reopening this road and convince them about the inconvenience caused to the general public and the need to reduce air pollution.
Traffic congestion is made worse by motorists, particularly the drivers of private buses and three wheelers who are least concerned about traffic rules and openly violate them in full view of the traffic police. The police, who take prompt action against ordinary motorists, turn a blind eye to three wheelers who openly cross even the double lines to overtake other vehicles.
The Kandy Peradeniya road is notorious for traffic snarls due to slow moving Kandy-Penideniya buses. If the traffic slows down invariably one of these buses is in front. It is always due to these vehicles travelling at a snail’s pace, perhaps to allow passengers who walk along the street to get into buses. While buses are expected to pick passengers up only from bus halts, they are always picking up passengers from anywhere on the road.
Traffic policemen never stop these illegal practices to ensure a smooth flow of traffic. Recently in Dhaka, Bangladesh, a posse of policemen on motorcycles ride along congested roads to clear any traffic blocks caused by errant vehicles. Such efforts are urgently needed in congested cities of Sri Lanka. Also, senior policemen instead of operating from air conditioned rooms at the police stations should venture into the city streets to see how traffic policemen work, particularly during rush hours.
I have personally seen a former senior superintendent of police in the 1970s who used to stand at the municipal junction in Kandy keeping a watchful eye on the traffic and the policemen on duty. We should realise that reducing air pollution also means reducing the health cost of people hospitalised for various ailments related to air pollution.
Traffic planning is also a vital aspect of controlling air pollution. Now buses ply through the city to the other end of town. One alternative which I proposed sometime back is to have long distance bus stands operate outside the city limits which will considerably reduce traffic congestion in the city. For example, buses plying to Mahiyangana and Rikillagaskada can start at Tennekumbura and the Colombo-Kandy buses can start from Peradeniya. Government can seek funding from agencies such as ADB to implement such a proposal.
Another proposal is to make the Kandy Peradeniya road and the William Gopallawa road as one-way streets. This was tried several years ago but stopped due to opposition from shop owners.
Air pollution in Kandy is considerably higher than that of Colombo since Kandy is located in a valley where pollutants get concentrated while in Colombo is in a flat terrain and sea breeze effectively disperses the pollutants generated. Air quality index for Colombo on 12-11-2025 is 78 while it is 137 for Kandy while the PM2.5 fraction values are 28 and 50 microgrammes per cubic metre respectively for Colombo and Kandy.
In developed countries pollution warnings are given to the general public over the radio and TV so that vulnerable people such as asthmatics and elderly people with heart problems can stay indoors. Even healthy people are warned not to do strenuous exercises when pollution levels are high. Unfortunately, even the automated air quality monitoring stations installed in Kandy and Battaramulla several years ago are now inoperative owing to poor maintenance, lack of resources and lack of interest by those in charge of the Environment.
Authorities should seriously consider easing traffic congestion in Kandy, and particularly the Police have a major role in controlling traffic caused by major offenders like private buses and three wheelers and also have long lasting traffic planning and implementation of novel ideas such as the relocation of bus stands.
by Prof. O. A. Ileperuma ✍️
Features
Acid test emerges for US-EU ties
European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen addressing the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland on Tuesday put forward the EU’s viewpoint on current questions in international politics with a clarity, coherence and eloquence that was noteworthy. Essentially, she aimed to leave no one in doubt that a ‘new form of European independence’ had emerged and that European solidarity was at a peak.
These comments emerge against the backdrop of speculation in some international quarters that the Post-World War Two global political and economic order is unraveling. For example, if there was a general tacit presumption that US- Western European ties in particular were more or less rock-solid, that proposition apparently could no longer be taken for granted.
For instance, while US President Donald Trump is on record that he would bring Greenland under US administrative control even by using force against any opposition, if necessary, the EU Commission President was forthright that the EU stood for Greenland’s continued sovereignty and independence.
In fact at the time of writing, small military contingents from France, Germany, Sweden, Norway and the Netherlands are reportedly already in Greenland’s capital of Nook for what are described as limited reconnaissance operations. Such moves acquire added importance in view of a further comment by von der Leyen to the effect that the EU would be acting ‘in full solidarity with Greenland and Denmark’; the latter being the current governing entity of Greenland.
It is also of note that the EU Commission President went on to say that the ‘EU has an unwavering commitment to UK’s independence.’ The immediate backdrop to this observation was a UK decision to hand over administrative control over the strategically important Indian Ocean island of Diego Garcia to Mauritius in the face of opposition by the Trump administration. That is, European unity in the face of present controversial moves by the US with regard to Greenland and other matters of contention is an unshakable ‘given’.
It is probably the fact that some prominent EU members, who also hold membership of NATO, are firmly behind the EU in its current stand-offs with the US that is prompting the view that the Post-World War Two order is beginning to unravel. This is, however, a matter for the future. It will be in the interests of the contending quarters concerned and probably the world to ensure that the present tensions do not degenerate into an armed confrontation which would have implications for world peace.
However, it is quite some time since the Post-World War Two order began to face challenges. Observers need to take their minds back to the Balkan crisis and the subsequent US invasions of Afghanistan and Iraq in the immediate Post-Cold War years, for example, to trace the basic historic contours of how the challenges emerged. In the above developments the seeds of global ‘disorder’ were sown.
Such ‘disorder’ was further aggravated by the Russian invasion of Ukraine four years ago. Now it may seem that the world is reaping the proverbial whirlwind. It is relevant to also note that the EU Commission President was on record as pledging to extend material and financial support to Ukraine in its travails.
Currently, the international law and order situation is such that sections of the world cannot be faulted for seeing the Post World War Two international order as relentlessly unraveling, as it were. It will be in the interests of all concerned for negotiated solutions to be found to these global tangles. In fact von der Leyen has committed the EU to finding diplomatic solutions to the issues at hand, including the US-inspired tariff-related squabbles.
Given the apparent helplessness of the UN system, a pre-World War Two situation seems to be unfolding, with those states wielding the most armed might trying to mould international power relations in their favour. In the lead-up to the Second World War, the Hitlerian regime in Germany invaded unopposed one Eastern European country after another as the League of Nations stood idly by. World War Two was the result of the Allied Powers finally jerking themselves out of their complacency and taking on Germany and its allies in a full-blown world war.
However, unlike in the late thirties of the last century, the seeming number one aggressor, which is the US this time around, is not going unchallenged. The EU which has within its fold the foremost of Western democracies has done well to indicate to the US that its power games in Europe are not going unmonitored and unchecked. If the US’ designs to take control of Greenland and Denmark, for instance, are not defeated the world could very well be having on its hands, sooner rather than later, a pre-World War Two type situation.
Ironically, it is the ‘World’s Mightiest Democracy’ which is today allowing itself to be seen as the prime aggressor in the present round of global tensions. In the current confrontations, democratic opinion the world over is obliged to back the EU, since it has emerged as the principal opponent of the US, which is allowing itself to be seen as a fascist power.
Hopefully sane counsel would prevail among the chief antagonists in the present standoff growing, once again, out of uncontainable territorial ambitions. The EU is obliged to lead from the front in resolving the current crisis by diplomatic means since a region-wide armed conflict, for instance, could lead to unbearable ill-consequences for the world.
It does not follow that the UN has no role to play currently. Given the existing power realities within the UN Security Council, the UN cannot be faulted for coming to be seen as helpless in the face of the present tensions. However, it will need to continue with and build on its worldwide development activities since the global South in particular needs them very badly.
The UN needs to strive in the latter directions more than ever before since multi-billionaires are now in the seats of power in the principle state of the global North, the US. As the charity Oxfam has pointed out, such financially all-powerful persons and allied institutions are multiplying virtually incalculably. It follows from these realities that the poor of the world would suffer continuous neglect. The UN would need to redouble its efforts to help these needy sections before widespread poverty leads to hemispheric discontent.
Features
Brighten up your skin …
Hi! This week I’ve come up with tips to brighten up your skin.
* Turmeric and Yoghurt Face Pack:
You will need 01 teaspoon of turmeric powder and 02 tablespoons of fresh yoghurt.
Mix the turmeric and yoghurt into a smooth paste and apply evenly on clean skin. Leave it for 15–20 minutes and then rinse with lukewarm water
Benefits:
Reduces pigmentation, brightens dull skin and fights acne-causing bacteria.
* Lemon and Honey Glow Pack:
Mix 01teaspoon lemon juice and 01 tablespoon honey and apply it gently to the face. Leave for 10–15 minutes and then wash off with cool water.
Benefits:
Lightens dark spots, improves skin tone and deeply moisturises. By the way, use only 01–02 times a week and avoid sun exposure after use.
* Aloe Vera Gel Treatment:
All you need is fresh aloe vera gel which you can extract from an aloe leaf. Apply a thin layer, before bedtime, leave it overnight, and then wash face in the morning.
Benefits:
Repairs damaged skin, lightens pigmentation and adds natural glow.
* Rice Flour and Milk Scrub:
You will need 01 tablespoon rice flour and 02 tablespoons fresh milk.
Mix the rice flour and milk into a thick paste and then massage gently in circular motions. Leave for 10 minutes and then rinse with water.
Benefits:
Removes dead skin cells, improves complexion, and smoothens skin.
* Tomato Pulp Mask:
Apply the tomato pulp directly, leave for 15 minutes, and then rinse with cool water
Benefits:
Controls excess oil, reduces tan, and brightens skin naturally.
Features
Shooting for the stars …
That’s precisely what 25-year-old Hansana Balasuriya has in mind – shooting for the stars – when she was selected to represent Sri Lanka on the international stage at Miss Intercontinental 2025, in Sahl Hasheesh, Egypt.
The grand finale is next Thursday, 29th January, and Hansana is all geared up to make her presence felt in a big way.
Her journey is a testament to her fearless spirit and multifaceted talents … yes, her life is a whirlwind of passion, purpose, and pageantry.
Raised in a family of water babies (Director of The Deep End and Glory Swim Shop), Hansana’s love affair with swimming began in childhood and then she branched out to master the “art of 8 limbs” as a Muay Thai fighter, nailed Karate and Kickboxing (3-time black belt holder), and even threw herself into athletics (literally!), especially throwing events, and netball, as well.
A proud Bishop’s College alumna, Hansana’s leadership skills also shone bright as Senior Choir Leader.
She earned a BA (Hons) in Business Administration from Esoft Metropolitan University, and then the world became her playground.
Before long, modelling and pageantry also came into her scene.
She says she took to part-time modelling, as a hobby, and that led to pageants, grabbing 2nd Runner-up titles at Miss Nature Queen and Miss World Sri Lanka 2025.
When she’s not ruling the stage, or pool, Hansana’s belting tunes with Soul Sounds, Sri Lanka’s largest female ensemble.
What’s more, her artistry extends to drawing, and she loves hitting the open road for long drives, she says.
This water warrior is also on a mission – as Founder of Wave of Safety,
Hansana happens to be the youngest Executive Committee Member of the Sri Lanka Aquatic Sports Union (SLASU) and, as founder of Wave of Safety, she’s spreading water safety awareness and saving lives.
Today is Hansana’s ninth day in Egypt and the itinerary for today, says National Director for Sri Lanka, Brian Kerkoven, is ‘Jeep Safari and Sunset at the Desert.’
And … the all-important day at Miss Intercontinental 2025 is next Thursday, 29th January.
Well, good luck to Hansana.
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