Features
‘One Country and One Law’ A Misunderstood Concept?

by M. A. M. H. Barry
PhD, LLM, MA, LLB. BA
Attorney-at-Law
The worst form of inequality is to try to make unequal things equal (Aristotle)
Although much is spoken about ‘one country and one law’ in Sri Lanka, it is not a new phrase as all the countries in the world have one legal system. But this does not denote that there must be only one law for each and every aspect which everyone should follow. If this contention is correct, then no country will have different laws at the different levels or for different segments of people. For instance, if we take Sri Lanka, we have different laws in different provinces in some prescribed areas by virtue of the Thirteenth Amendment and Provincial Council Act No. 42 of 1987, and further we have different bylaws in various local councils.
Furthermore, we have several different laws which govern the administration and functions of the different religious places or institutions. For examples, we have Buddhist Temporalities Ordinance No. 19 of 1931 (as amended) governing the administration of temples, The Hindu Cultural Fund Act No. 31 of 1985, The Church of Ceylon (Incorporation) act (No. 43 of 1998), and Muslim Mosques and Charitable Trusts or Wakfs Act (No. 51 of 1956). These acts clearly indicate that different laws are necessary for the functioning and administration of different religious places/institutions.
No sensible person would argue that there should be one law to manage all these religious places because the diversity of the faiths and cultures demand such different laws. These laws exist because this diversity was recognized. It is not possible or correct to demand the people to give up their diverse faiths and to accept one law which could govern all religious places or institutions on the argument that all Sri Lankans should have only one law.
Equality and Equity
One of the fundamental elements of the notion of equality is equity, which requires that justice should be distributed according to the needs of the people as not all people are equal in all aspects, whether they are political, economic or social and they are not identical in strength, resources, means and practice.
The basic concept of equality signifies that the persons who are similarly categorized must be treated equally. To treat equals as unequals or unequals as equals, is equally unjust or violative of the principle of equality (State Bank of India v. State of West Bengal, 1979, 1 Ch LJ 363). All human beings are born equal and they should be treated equally. However, the unequals are identified and recognized not only due to political, economic and social disparities, but also more importantly due to the diversities of religions, cultures and languages. The concept of equality demands recognition of diversities and permits the manifestation of the rights of diverse communities according to the fundamental norms of the constitution or guiding principles of the state, without affecting the substantial laws of the country. In application of indigenous laws, the recognition is given only in a limited areas which are very personal like marriage, divorce and inheritance. For all other purposes general law is equally applicable to all.
The Indian Supreme Court in many decided cases interpreted the art 14(equality clause) by reading it with the art. 15 which prohibits discrimination on the grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth etc. The section 15 though fosters national identity does not deny pluralism of Indian culture but rather it preserves it (MR Jois, Equal Treatment, Jspui, bitstream).
Many leading states where they are federal, semi federal or unitary have either parallel or sub-legal systems, but they are still regarded as the part of one legal system which accommodates the unity of their people.
The sub-legal systems are accommodated in several states in order to recognize the religious or cultural practices of segments of the people in a few selected areas like personal law which deals with the matters related to marriage, divorces, inheritance etc. Several non-Muslim countries including India, Thailand, Singapore, Philippine and notably Israel which is known as the world only Jewish state where the Qadi courts are functioning under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Justice or Cultural Affairs. The Qadi courts in Israel have jurisdiction to adjudicate matters relating to marriages, divorce, financial maintenance, legal capacity and guardianship, custody of children, paternity and inheritance, among others. The rights of the Muslims to practice their personal law are being protected in Israel despite the fact that there has been a historical animosity between the Arab Muslims and Israeli Jews due to Israel/Palestine land dispute. In Sri Lanka we have a pluralistic legal system which has been accommodated to realize the diverse aspirations and give respect to different communities of whom our constitution acknowledges as equal citizens of the country.
The reasons for recognizing and protecting the ethnic, religious, linguistic and cultural rights of the citizens in multi religious/cultural and linguistic states could be realistically, legally and politically attributed to the following indispensable factors (1) social contract (2) protecting religious rights and (3) protecting universal rights. The states by definition and nature are obliged to respect and enforce their duties originate from the above factors.
The social contract is a contract between the state and its citizens. No modern state could exist or function without the social contract and it is the people who give authority to the state or to its agent (government) to manage their affairs. Under the social contract, the people surrender or delegate certain rights to the state and retained or reserved their fundamental rights to themselves.
Furthermore, under the social contract the rights that are not delegated or retained by the people, the state undertakes to protect them (both individual and collective rights). In modern times the people do not give authority to states to establish absolute or totalitarian rule, but they wanted states to protect their basic rights as the primary duty of the state. The terms of the social contract (rights/duties of the state and rights/duties of the people) are normally enshrined and reflected in a country’s constitution and other respective laws
For instance, the tenth amendment to the US Constitution expressly reserves the powers not delegated under the Constitution or prohibited by it to the respective states, or to the people. The US courts have affirmed this position in several leading cases. In Butchers’ Union case (1884-111 U.S. 746) Field J observed “…all men are endowed, not by the edicts of Emperors or decrees of Parliament or Acts of Congress, but by their Creator, with certain inalienable rights’ that is, rights which cannot be bartered away or give away except the punishment of crime, and among these are life, liberty and pursuit of happiness, and to secure these, not grant them but secure them, governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed.”
Although under the Indian Constitution, there is no similar provision like the tenth amendment to the US Constitution, in Gopalan case (1950-SCR 88) Sastri J. stated “It is true to say that, in a sense, the people delegated to the legislative, executive and the judicial organs of the State their respective powers while reserving to themselves the fundamental rights which they made paramount by providing that, the State shall not make any law which takes away or abridges the rights conferred by that Part (of the Constitution) …”
Hence it is a duty of any state to secure these rights since they are the core values of a constitution. As the part of its primary duty a state should protect its peoples’ rights and ensure the justice to everyone by applying equality and equity in addressing or resolving any problems of the people.
“Justice, Equality and Equity” are the cardinal principles and fundamental requirements not only for successful resolutions of any dispute among the people, but also to unite the diverse people under the one national banner. These cardinal principles are the fundamental values which cannot be subordinated to any other claimed values.
The state duty under the social contract does not change according to the electoral changes as the people vote to different parties at the different elections but this does not provide permission to change or negatively amend the core values or guiding principles of the state. The social contract does not imply that it is a contract only with the majority who voted for any political party but it is a contract with all citizens (different segments). In this context, the state has to protect the interest and rights of all citizens who participated in the electoral process and also who do not participate in the process (who did not vote or do not use their franchise), because the protection of the core values are guiding principle of the state or constitution which could not be politically or morally or even legally be abrogated.
In the US, the constitutional provisions and amendments which protect the rights of the people, especially its Fourteenth Amendment which enshrines the equality clause are regarded as the core values or guiding principles of the state. No debate takes place in the US to negate or weaken these core values or guiding principles as these protective provisions are well entrenched and no one think about their abrogation as these principles are synonymous with the primary objective of the state.
Protecting Right to Freedom of Religion
The right to freedom of religion is not only a collective or community right, but it also an individual right. In modern history, it was regarded as one of the first recognized human rights. The Code of Rhode Island of 1647 and Westphalia Peace Treaty 1648 recognized religious freedom. It was regarded as one of the foundations of Human Rights ideology. The basic elements of freedom of religion and belief have the status of jus cogens or international customary law (Forum 18). It is also a part of Ius Gentium (law of nations) and a part of Lingua Franca (universal language) because the language of human rights has become the moral lingua franca (Micheal H. Perry).
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Integration or Assimilation?
In a multi-cultural, religious and linguistic state like Sri Lanka the national integration is a condition precedent for the nation building. The national integration signifies that the diverse people in a state are incorporated into the society as equals while their diversity is respected and recognized as the part of the state’s polity. On the other hand, the assimilation may be defined as the process whereby all the cultures within a state are assimilated into one dominant culture and thereby, depriving other cultures to exist. The assimilation is not politically, socially, morally and legally possible in a multi-cultural, religious and linguistic state like Sri Lanka as all communities are entitled to their fundamental rights of practicing and preserving the religious, cultural and linguistic rights. Hence, the very definition of the state should reflect the ethnic diversity and aggregation of distinct communities.
The indigenous laws of Sri Lanka were recognized in the context of integrating diverse religious and cultural practice in very rare and exceptional areas which are related to the personal or private life. If the Muslim Marriage and Divorce Act (MMDA) necessitate any amendment to mend any deficiency, it could be addressed by making necessary amendments. Already, the committee appointed for recommending reforms on MMDA, headed by former Supreme Court Judge Hon. Justice Saleem Marsoof has completed its report. Hence, the amendment could be worked out on the basis of these recommendation to address any concern or deficiency.
In this context, the notion of one country and one law’ should be seen as a unifier of all communities in the nation building process by respecting and recognizing their rights and consolidating a legal system which could accommodate the aspirations of all the people. Furthermore, the notion of one law also signifies that all people are equal before the law and they are entitled to equal protection of law, and specifically no one is above the law.
Sri Lanka needs unity among the people, which requires every community respects others and everyone community regard other communities as brothers and sisters of one family of the nation without perceiving others in suspicious, apprehensive and mistrustful manner. The law should be actively applicable to prevent hate speeches against each other and to ensure dignity to every community.
Features
Failed institution

Formed in 1945 by the victors of World War II, the main aim of the United Nations was to preserve international peace and security. The UN Charter provides for pacific settlement of disputes between members, and, if the parties fail to settle the dispute by peaceful means, the Security Council may step in, and adopt coercive measures ~ ranging from diplomatic and economic, to the use of armed force.
Coercive measures were seldom applied during the Cold War period, because of liberal use of veto by the United States or the Soviet Union. Post-Cold War, till recently, USA was the only superpower left, so it rampaged unhindered through Iraq, erstwhile Yugoslavia, Afghanistan, Yemen, Libya, Syria ~ to mention only some of its misadventures. Former US President Barack Obama succinctly observed: “In the middle of the Cold War, the chances of reaching any consensus had been slim, which is why the UN had stood idle as Soviet tanks rolled into Hungary or US planes dropped napalm on the Vietnamese countryside.
Even after the Cold War, divisions within the Security Council continued to hamstring the UN’s ability to tackle problems. Its member states lacked either the means or the collective will to reconstruct failing states like Somalia, or prevent an ethnic slaughter in places like Sri Lanka” (A Promised Land, 2020). In its early days the UN actively promoted decolonisation, hand holding the eighty colonies that gained independence in the aftermath of WWII. The UN, through its agencies like the FAO, IMF, World Bank and programmes and funds like UNDP and UNICEF actively supported the newly independent countries, helping them tide over food shortages, droughts, medical emergencies, etc.
All countries, developed and undeveloped, are immensely benefited by UN agencies like ILO, ICAO, UNESCO, WHO, UPU, IMF, World Bank etc. as also UN sponsorship of nuclear arms control treaties and environmental initiatives. However, now with the Russian invasion of Ukraine in its fortieth month and the Israeli invasion of Gaza in its twentieth, the failure of the UN to stop hostilities in either case highlights its increasing irrelevance. The ongoing war in Ukraine began in February 2014 when Russia occupied and annexed Crimea from Ukraine and then occupied eastern Donbas region in 2018, followed by a full-blown invasion of Ukraine in February 2022. The Ukraine war has resulted in a refugee crisis for both Russia and Ukraine, as also a million dead and injured on the Russian side and 700,000 dead and injured on the Ukraine side ~ all for a gain of around 113,000 sq.km. of Ukrainian territory by Russia.
The Security Council has been unable to act ~deadlocked by the veto power of Russia. True, the UN General Assembly has debated and condemned the Russian role in the war, but unlike the Security Council, its resolutions are not binding on member states. In the UN session called to mark the third anniversary of the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the US twice sided with Russia. Firstly, the US opposed a European-drafted resolution in the General Assembly that condemned Moscow’s actions and supported Ukraine’s territorial integrity. Then, the US sponsored a resolution in the Security Council, which called for an end to the war but contained no criticism of Russia. The ongoing invasion of Gaza strip by Israel since October 2023, has resulted in an unprecedented tragedy; according to official figures of the Gaza Health Ministry, as of 4 June 2025, almost 57,000 people (55,223 Palestinians and 1,706 Israelis) have been killed. The dead include 180 journalists and media workers, 120 academics, and over 224 humanitarian aid workers, which include 179 employees of UN Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA).
Scholars have estimated that 80 percent of Palestinians killed were civilians. A study by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (UNOHCHR), which verified fatalities from three independent sources, found that seventy per cent of the Palestinians killed in residential buildings were women and children. The Gaza war has led to extreme famine conditions in Gaza Strip, resulting from Israeli airstrikes and the ongoing blockade of the Gaza Strip, which includes restrictions on humanitarian aid. More than two million Gazans ~ about 95 per cent of Gaza’s population ~ have been displaced, and are categorized as facing acute or catastrophic food insecurity. There are currently no functioning hospitals in Gaza. After the end of the two-month ceasefire with Hamas on 18 March, Israel resumed attacks on Gaza.
According to a U.N. assessment, since then, the Israeli military has dramatically altered the map of the enclave, declaring about 70 per cent of it either a military “red zone” or under evacuation orders, and pushing hundreds of thousands of Palestinians into ever-shrinking pockets. A fortnight ago, the Israeli government approved a plan to expand military operations in the Gaza Strip, which would, eventually, include occupation of the entire Gaza Strip. Israel intends to move Gaza’s civilian population southward “for its own defence,” though forced displacement is a crime under international law. Eyal Zamir, the IDF chief, said: “We will operate in additional areas and destroy all infrastructure ~ above and below ground.”
The Israeli cabinet also ratified a plan to take control of and sharply reduce the distribution of food and lifesaving aid. As of now, Israeli soldiers sometimes fire on crowds assembled to seek food. Images of starving Palestinians scrambling for paltry aid packages, herded in cage-like lines and then coming under fire have caused global outrage. Israel’s actions have the complete backing of the US, which is bankrolling its invasion and providing weapons and intelligence for the genocide of Palestinians. US President Trump seems to have provided the roadmap for the future of the Gaza strip; in a video posted in late-February, President Trump outlined the concept of a plan for the U.S. taking ownership of the Gaza Strip and turning it into the “Riviera of the Middle East.”
The question naturally arises as to what the UN is doing when such egregious violations of its underlying principles are taking place? As early as December 2023, to draw attention to the Gaza crisis, in the first such move in decades, UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres invoked Article 99 of the UN Charter; the UNSC failed to act because a US veto blocked a ceasefire resolution, supported by more than 150 countries. Every time the issue came up in the Security Council, similar US vetoes stalled action against Israel. As late as 4 June 2025, the United States has vetoed a United Nations Security Council resolution that called for an immediate, unconditional, and permanent ceasefire in Gaza. Notably, the US was the only country to vote against the measure, while the 14 other members of the Security Council voted in favour.
The dangerous impasse in the UN, is part of a larger problem of incompatibility of 20th century multilateralism and 21st century geopolitics, and quest of a global balance of power, between a West on the defensive, rampant authoritarian powers, and an emerging South, demanding its place at the high table. The world over the UN is perceived to have failed in its objectives ~ even in the US ~ which has strengthened its hegemony through the UN; a Disengaging Entirely from the United Nations Debacle (DEFUND) Act was introduced, in the US Congress in 2023. However, the failure is mostly of the Security Council, which is extrapolated to the entire UN. UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres noted that “the U.N. is not the Security Council,” but all U.N. bodies “suffer from the fact that the people look at them and think, ‘Well, but the Security Council has failed us.”
A more correct assessment is that members of the United Nations have failed it ~ while big powers pursue their rivalries through the UN, poorer countries are only interested in the money they can get from the UN and its agencies ~ which is mostly eaten away or spent on unconnected purposes. A quick fix solution could be to abolish the veto in UNSC, or to empower the General Assembly to override a veto in specified circumstances. The second secretary general of the UN, Dag Hammarskjöld, observed that the UN wasn’t designed to take humanity to heaven, but prevent it sliding into hell. Let’s hope it can do that at least, before the flames engulf us. (The Statesman)
(The writer is a retired Principal Chief Commissioner of Income-Tax.)
by DEVENDRA SAKSENA ✍️
Features
A personal note

All my life I have been a family man. So, I have been close to my sister and brother and we enjoyed our growing up years together and remained close throughout. As a husband, father, and grandfather too, I have always found time for my family members even in the amidst my busy days as a parliamentary official and now in retirement make it a point to spend time with my loved ones as much as possible, especially with my son, daughter, their spouses and beloved grandchildren, all girls and now all teenagers.
MY SISTER IRANGANIE & BROTHER PROFESSOR NISSANKA
Both my sister and brother were born in Deniyaya where my father was stationed as the only doctor there. As my father was transferred from time to time to Elpitiya, to Galle and Police Hospital, Colombo, they too moved with our parents. Iranganie was educated at Southlands College, Galle and Ladies’ College, Colombo. She excelled at music and completed her LRSM professional diploma in music.
My sister married D.G. Atukorala from Panadura. He worked at the State Engineering Corporation and ended as its Chairman, after many years of service. They had three children, two sons and a daughter. As a son and daughter migrated to Australia 15 years ago, they persuaded my sister and her husband to join them there. They live in Sydney and the daughter and son who live close by look after their aging parents with absolute dedication and loving care.
My sister is now 94 and brother-in-law 97 and thankfully they are in reasonably good health. As a close-knit family, their elder son who is in Edinburgh keeps in constant touch with the parents. All the children are well educated and are doing exceptionally well in their chosen fields.
My brother was at Royal College and then Medical College. Having passed out of Medical College, he joined Government service for the first few years. He later joined the Physiology Department of the Faculty of Medicine in Colombo. Thereafter he was sent to Edinburgh University for further studies and obtained his doctorate from there.
He also had another important acquisition there when he fell in love and married Alison Alexander, the daughter of the Professor in the same University. They had no children.
He was handpicked by Minister George Rajapaksa, Minister of Health in the Sirimavo Bandaranaike government, to set up the Postgraduate Institute of Medicine as its first director. The PGIM is well regarded even today. A few years later he was chosen to join the World Health Organization (WHO) in New Delhi as its Manpower Director. He had just completed five years there when on an official assignment to Bali in Indonesia, he suffered a fatal heart attack. I was instrumental in getting his body back to Sri Lanka with help from the WHO. He was cremated in Colombo. Our families, especially my son and daughter, miss him very much as he was a tower of strength in our small family and had an outstanding personality.
HUSBAND, FATHER & GRANDFATHER
On 10th January 1962, I married Srima Kodagoda, the daughter of Albert and Margi Perera of Kalyani Road, Colombo-6. I had known Srima for a few years previously, having met her through common friends. The reception took place at the residence of Dr. P. R. Anthonis who had very kindly agreed with my in-laws to have the reception there because of the close friendship between them. My boss Ralph Deraniyagala, Clerk of the House of Representatives and Dr. Anthonis were the attesting witnesses. Our first home was a small two-bedroom apartment down Swarna Road off Havelock Road, belonging to the family of eminent historian Dr. G. C. Mendis.
It was a place with basic amenities, and I remember having to use it as a dining table, a box covered with a tablecloth. We stayed in this house for only a year and then shifted to our present residence 138/1 Havelock Road, Colombo-05. Satyajit Nilkamal, our son was born on November 9, 1962. Regrettably, I was not present at his birth as by then my boss Ralph Deraniyagala had sent me for a three-month assignment to the House of Commons, London, U.K. I was visiting Srima’s cousin Prof. Upali Kuruppu at Cambridge University when I got the wonderful news. Srima was living with my mother and brother Nissanka Seneviratne and his wife Alison at No.200 Havelock Road, Colombo-05 in my absence. I returned to Sri Lanka in May 1963 when my son was six months old Needless to say it was an unforgettable reunion.
Our son Satyajit was educated at Royal College throughout beginning with the Royal Junior School and later Royal College proper. After leaving school when he was under 18, thanks to a family friend Sarath Vidanage, the Royal cricketer, he proceeded to the USA and started his secondary school at a Junior College in San Jose in California. After Junior College, he got admission to the University of Texas in Austin to complete his studies leading to a Bachelor of Engineering Degree which he completed in three years.
I was lucky enough to visit him during his studies, taking time off from my parliamentary trips and paying my way there to visit him. On completion of his studies, I encouraged him to do a Master’s Degree and together we applied to two or three universities. Fortunately for us he received admission to the University of Clemson’s in South California to commence his studies, which led him to graduate in two years’ time with a Master’s Degree in Computer Engineering. On completion he was lucky to gain employment at the House of Representatives in Washington D.C. So coincidentally, father and son commenced work on the same day, June 15, myself at the then House of Representatives
in Sri Lanka and my son at the House of Representatives in the USA, working as an Assistant to the House Information System Department. If he remained with Congress in the USA, he would likely have got his Green Card leading to US Citizenship. Instead, he returned to Sri Lank a year later and was lucky to join Millennium Information Technology Campus at Kotte. He worked there until he retired at the compulsory age of 55. Now he works at Iron One Technologies, started by Ms. Lakmini Wij esundera, incidentally a close friend of my daughter at Ladies College, who has set up a very successful enterprise in Computer Technology and Management, now having branches in many countries abroad.
In January 1995 he married Udeni Wijeratne, a graduate in Tourism Management from the U.K. Coincidentally she is the only daughter of Cuda and Manel Wijeratne. Cuda was my classmate and close friend at Royal College, belonging to the 45 Alumni Group. Sadly, Cuda and Manel passed away some years ago. My son and daughter -in-law have been blessed with two adorable daughters Aleyha ,16 and Taheli ,13, both doing extremely well at Ladies College and intending to do further studies in the U.K.
Our daughter Shanika Anjali was born on 11 April, 1969 and was educated throughout at Ladies College. When she finished her studies, she was fortunate to join the Sri Lanka Institute of Architects (SLIA) for one year. She was admitted to the prestigious Architecture School in New Delhi, India- the School of Planning and Architecture. After three years, on graduation, she returned to Sri Lanka to complete architectural studies and become a qualified architect.
She married old Royalist Malik Wickramanayake, son of Sonny and Nirmalee Wickramanayake from Baddegama, the former running a successful tea firm in Colombo, the latter doing a successful job as a leader in fashion designing and shop owner in Colombo and a clever journalist. Malik was a banker with HSBC and worked many years in Colombo. They are blessed with their only daughter Sehanya who was born on 24 January 2004. When their daughter was only three years old, he was successful in getting employment in Dubai as Manager with HSBC. They spent ten long years in Dubai, U.A.E. and my wife and I had the immense pleasure of visiting them in February each year, when the weather was comfortable.
On their return to Sri Lanka, Malik joined Seylan Bank as a Deputy Manager where he still works. Though my daughter was keen to admit her daughter to Ladies College where, as a young girl she had studied for two years, they finally admitted her to Elizabeth Moir School. She now awaits sitting her Advanced Level Examination in May 2022, before proceeding abroad for higher education.
by Nihal Seneviratne
Advocate of the Supreme Court
Retired Secretary General of Parliament
(From Memories of 33 years in Parliament) ✍️
Features
Family bereavement and heavier workload

(Continued from last week)
Death in the family
In the meantime, in spite of the time spent at conferences and meetings relating to food policy reforms, I saw to it that our regular Tuesday afternoon review meeting with the Minister and Deputy Minister took place. By early 1978 my father’s condition was deteriorating. He was gradually losing interest in food and getting very weak. He was almost 89 years old and the doctors felt that the system was beginning to shut down due to age. Towards late February, he also began in a weak voice sometimes hardly audible, to say, what was for him, very unusual things.
He said he saw a collection of beautiful birds with the most colourful plumage. Sometimes he said that he heard the most beautiful music, and one day he said that he was present at a very pleasant musical show. What was most surprising was that I had never known my father to listen to any music. He showed no interest whatsoever in this area. Neither did he show any interest in birds.
The only interest that he and my mother showed in birds was when men came around occasionally, selling birds, whether they be parrots, mynahs or house sparrows. On many such occasions they used to bargain with the seller on a wholesale price and release the whole lot from captivity.
For months afterwards we saw large numbers of them on our roof and the roofs of surrounding homes. These visions of my father were very unusual and we were wondering whether there was any significance to them, particularly when on some days he referred to “Heavenly” birds. His sunken eyes used to light up at these recollections.
On Tuesday 14th of March we were at our weekly meeting with the Minister and Deputy Minister. There were a number of items to be discussed and by 9 p.m. we had not quite finished. At 9.15 p.m., we were about to finish when I received an urgent telephone call from home to say that my father’s condition had taken a serious turn, and asking me to come immediately. I rather suspected that all was over, and left immediately. The Minister and others were very upset that I was not at home at a time anyone should normally have been there.
As I suspected, I found when I reached home that my father was dead. He had died whilst my mother was feeding him. His eyes had suddenly gone up and that was it. There had been no struggle or pain. He had a serene expression on his face and his body was still warm. I spent a few minutes alone with him in the room.
When I came out of his room, the immediate issue was to contact Dr. Hudson Silva’s cornea bank, because my father was keen that his corneas should be gifted. This was done and soon someone came around with a box packed with ice. Thereafter, we had to discuss funeral arrangements and we decided that it should be on Thursday the 16th. The crematorium had to be booked and we were contemplating this when the Minister Mr. S.B. Herat, the Deputy Minister and some of my colleagues arrived.
The Minister was still upset. In spite of my protests he said he would immediately personally go to the residence of Mr. B. A. Jayasinghe, Colombo’s Municipal Commissioner and ensure that the crematorium was booked. I later found out that when the Minister arrived at Mr. Jayasinghe’s residence he was asleep, and since banging on the gate and tooting the horn brought no response, he had jumped over the wall, banged on the door and woken him.
As I had referred to earlier, the Minister had been a racing motorcyclist during the not too distant past and was still energetic and fit, although some poison administered to him by a political rival, about which I will relate later, had undermined his constitution to an extent. The Minister, one of the most decent human beings I have met, had openly appreciated my work and felt distressed that I had to be in office at 9.15 p.m., when my father passed away.
He was therefore, determined to render whatever assistance that was possible to lighten my load in making the funeral arrangements. He was aware that I was an only child and had no brothers and sisters to share the load. This was the reason for his extraordinary nocturnal adventure of scaling walls. He phoned me later that night and said that the crematorium was booked.
Deputy Minister, the M.P. for Dompe Mr. Saratchandra Rajakaruna, was also very concerned at what had happened. He had to go out of Colombo on a fairly long journey the day after my father’s death. But he came home at about 9.30 p.m. and announced that he had come to stay the whole night. He said “Just get me some coffee and you go to sleep.” My protests were useless. He had come to stay the whole night, and was determined to stay.
He was equally determined that both I and my wife should sleep. My wife and I were packed upstairs to sleep and Mr. Rajakaruna stayed the whole night along with a few of my relations. These gestures of concern and support by both the Minister and the Deputy Minister were appreciated by all who knew what they had done and was a source of solace and comfort to me at a difficult moment.
Director, Shipping Corporation
Things settled down and in late March 1978 the Minister of Trade and Shipping Mr. Lalith Athulathmudali appointed me to the Board of Directors of the Ceylon Shipping Corporation. The former Commander of the Navy, Admiral Rajan Kadirgamar was the Chairman and after his sudden death, Mr. M.L.D. Caspersz of the former Civil Service was appointed Chairman. An important issue we faced during this period was containerization. This also went along with the energetic port development policies of the Minister.
The ordering of vital equipment such as gantry cranes had to go hand in hand with the pace of containerization. In this respect my batch mate in the Civil Service Harsha Wickremasinghe, the Additional Secretary responsible for shipping in the Ministry of Trade and Shipping played a key role. He had developed both a knack for and a degree of specialization in the whole area of port development and shipping.
It is my belief that but for his own vision and his energetic pursuit of the Minister’s policies, we could not have achieved the rapid development that occurred in this sector. The Corporation went in for container vessels and the port of Colombo had gantry cranes before Bombay or Karachi.
In June, Harry Guneratne, an officer very senior in the Sri Lanka Administrative Service and former Controller of Imports and Exports joined the Ministry as Additional Secretary with responsibility for the co-operative sector. This was a strength to me. Harry was responsible and balanced. He also possessed a temper which was very useful at times. On one occasion, he got very angry with a Member of Parliament who was complaining to the Minister about some alleged negligence on his part. More than the content, Harry resented the disparaging tone adopted by the MP and at one stage fixing the MP in a steely gaze said “Remember, I am a public servant. Not a domestic servant.
” It was splendid stuff. His towering six-foot presence added emphasis to his manner. The Ministry at this time had both a Secretary and an Additional Secretary who were six feet tall and well-built, not the best combination for the negotiation of food aid programmes. On the subject of Additional Secretaries, it was interesting that the Ministry never had an Additional Secretary handling Food. The reason for this was, that food was a subject where decisions had to be taken very quickly, if not, sometimes immediately.
Therefore, there was no time for matters to be filtered through another layer. The Food Commissioner and the Secretary had to be on the phone several times a day, and many matters were decided on the phone. We recorded the decisions so reached in our respective files, for the purposes both of record and further reference. If the matter was important enough, I sent across a formal note to the food
Commissioner confirming the conversation and the decisions. Such working arrangements were necessary, because often decisions had to be taken before a market opened the following day, or because you could not risk a Currency fluctuation, or could not idle whilst a master of a vessel containing 10,000 tons of your cargo, had radioed that his ship had broken down in mid-ocean. In such instances, a delayed or a careless decision could lead to financial loss, legal problems or stock problems.
Wheat Tour to the US
In June, the US Wheat Associates, the umbrella organization of wheat farmers enjoying official status with the US Department of Agriculture invited me and a delegation from Sri Lanka for a Wheat Tour of the United States. By this time, most of the urgent deadline-oriented work was successfully completed, and the Minister was keen that we should go. The visit proved both useful and relaxing. We left in July. The team consisted besides me, of Captain Hayward Fernando of the State Flour Milling Corporation, Mr. Ramanathan who headed the Corporation’s laboratory; and Mr. Pulendiran, Deputy Food Commissioner (Imports).
In a near three-week tour we visited Portland, Oregon; Spokane, Washington; Idaho; Lincoln, Nebraska; Kansas; Oklahoma and Washington D.C.
The visit entailed a great deal of travelling and field visits. During the course of our journey, we had discussions with Grain Exporter’s Associations; viewed trading sessions at Grain Exchanges; visited Grain Elevators and bulk wheat loading facilities; went to railway yards and viewed the discharge of wheat from 60 ton box cars which were raised from the ground on a hoist and then tilted in two directions; viewed the discharge of wheat from 300 ton barges; visited grain laboratories, including the well-known DOTY laboratory; saw the operation of feed mills; visited university research laboratories and agriculture faculties.
visited farms and travelled on huge combines whilst harvesting was being done; saw experimental wheat plots; food and nutrition research centres; noodle and pasta making plants; grain marketing research institutes; and circle irrigation methods. We also saw sights that could not be seen in Sri Lanka such as a train with three engines pulling over 112 very large wheat loaded waggons. The waggons kept coming and coming. One thought that one would never see the end of the train. We used to laugh and say that the lead engine must be in the next town, by the time the last waggon passed this town.
The visit also gave us an opportunity to widen our general knowledge and experience. We therefore, whenever possible visited facilities such as museums and planetariums. In Oklahoma, we visited an oil well that had been pumping for 16 years.
The oil was being pumped from over one mile down. As the leader of the team, I had extra duties. I had to make numerous speeches after official lunches and dinners and give several TV and radio interviews. We also met important people such as Governors and Lieutenant Governors of some of the states we visited, as well as others in industry, trade and government. This gave us productive opportunities to talk about Sri Lanka.
We ended our tour in Washington D.C. We had travelled from San Francisco on the West Coast to the capital in the East, taking in some important areas of the mid-west. In Washington too, we had a number of meetings with important organizations such as the US Wheat Associates our hosts and the Flour Millers National Federation. We also had a round of meetings with the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). The Ambassador hosted a lunch in our honour. Whilst in Washington I was able to have lunch with Ambassador Chris Van Hollen, former US Ambassador to Sri Lanka, about whom I had written in an earlier chapter. It was a pleasant and interesting two hours.
On the way back, we were briefly in London, and took the opportunity to visit the Sugar Terminal and see sugar trading being conducted on the floor. We also went to the Baltic Exchange, connected with shipping and freight. Overall, this visit was a tremendous education. I was fortunate that I had this exposure so early in my career as Secretary Food. It deepened my knowledge and gave me new knowledge and insights. Subsequently, when I chaired a tender board to purchase flour and later wheat, I had much greater awareness of quality and other aspects. I knew enough to ask pertinent and relevant questions even on technical matters and insist on proper answers.
Local agents couldn’t fool me with excuses and stories generated in their imaginations. We were also able to obtain information directly from the contacts we had made, including the USDA. This visit proved invaluable for another reason. Prima Singapore was constructing the flour mill in Trincomalee. We in the Food Ministry were on the verge of switching over from flour purchases, about which we knew a great deal, to the purchase of whole wheat for the mill, about which we knew nothing.
(Excerpted from In the Pursuit of Governance, autobiography of MDD Pieris) ✍️
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