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Excessive price controls will worsen shortages

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New measures treating the symptoms rather than the disease

Harsh enforcement of price controls may worsen food shortages.

The Commissioner of Essential Services has been granted the power to seize food stocks held by traders and retailers and regulate prices.

There is serious concern with the steep rise in the price of essentials which has taken place over the past two years. Advocata’s Bath Curry Indicator (BCI), which tracks commonly consumed items, shows a 30% increase in retail food prices in August 2021 compared to August 2020.

The reasons for the increase in prices include import restrictions and tariffs that have disrupted markets. The classic example is turmeric that retailed at Rs.650 per kg prior to the import ban but now retails at Rs 3500 per kg according to the DCS and at around Rs 4400 to Rs6900 on online retailers . Other products are similarly affected.

The recent ban on fertiliser is likely to result in even further increases in the prices of vegetables and cereals over the forthcoming harvests. These restrictive policies have been compounded by the acute shortage of foreign currency caused by the on-going balance of payments (BOP) crisis. Lack of foreign exchange has imposed additional restrictions on imports resulting in shortages causing prices to spike.

While the increases in prices is a real concern, the causes are complex and are largely due to poor policies.

The balance of payments crisis arises not due to trade policy but due to the levels of aggregate demand in the economy, principally through consumption and investment influenced by the prevailing fiscal and monetary policy. The tax cuts towards the end of 2019, fiscal dominance of monetary policy and non-pass through of global commodity prices through price controls and administered prices have contributed towards excess import demand.

This is evident in the trade data: despite the stringent import restrictions imposed after April 2020, import demand for the six months to June 2021 have surged by 30% over the same period in 2020. While exports in the period have also risen, it is the rapid rise in imports that have caused the negative trade balance.

Price controls and administered prices have led to shortages and hoarding.

Instead of addressing the problem at the root, the government is trying to control the symptoms. Previous attempts at price controls have not succeeded as Advocata’s research in 2018 has shown but better enforcement is not the solution. Instead, the Government should address the policy weaknesses that are the cause of the problem.

Trying to negate policy missteps in fiscal and monetary policy through trade policy in an untenable exercise for it impacts economic efficiency hence growth and productivity and also leads to issues with economic distribution.

Harsh enforcement of price controls could in turn create black markets resulting in significant welfare losses in the form of a deterioration in product quality, elevate scarcities, disadvantaging the poor who are less sophisticated and in the long run lead to higher prices, lower output due to lower investment.

We urge policy makers to urgently address the root cause of the current crisis by increasing tax revenues via more progressive tax policies – by increasing the tax base for both direct and indirect taxes and reducing the tax gap through greater tax effort. Further, it is best where possible to use well targeted cash transfers to vulnerable segments of the population to improve affordability instead of cutting taxing, imposing price control or using administered prices on utilities.

Key Points

Advocata Institute highlights the negative effects of harsh price controls.

The root causes of the present crisis lies in loose monetary and fiscal policies compounded by import controls and exchange control restrictions. Therefore restoring macroeconomic stability is a priority.

Cash transfers to vulnerable segments is a better mechanism to implement distributive policies rather than intervening in market prices through tax subsidies, price controls or administered prices.

Advocata is an independent policy think tank based in Colombo, Sri Lanka. We conduct research, provide commentary and hold events to promote sound policy ideas compatible with a free society in Sri Lanka. Visit advocata.org for more information.



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President AKD’s top level talks in Kuwait focus on bilateral cooperation

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President Anura Kumara Dissanayake meets Kuwaiti Prime Minister Sheikh Ahmad Abdullah Al Ahmad Al Sabah

By Ifham Nizam

President Anura Kumara Dissanayake on Tuesday met with Sheikh Ahmad Abdullah Al Ahmad Al Sabah, the Prime Minister of Kuwait, to discuss Sri Lanka’s political and financial stability and explore avenues for enhanced bilateral cooperation.

The Island Financial Review reliably learns that discussions emphasized investment opportunities in Sri Lanka’s tourism sector, reflecting the nation’s commitment to economic revitalization.

Officials close to President Dissanayake highlighted the significance of Kuwait’s support in securing the International Monetary Fund (IMF) loan facility, which has been instrumental in Sri Lanka’s economic recovery efforts.

They noted that the President expressed his gratitude to the Kuwaiti leadership for their assistance during challenging times.

The meeting underscored the mutual interest in strengthening trade relations between Sri Lanka and Kuwait.

Both leaders acknowledged the potential for increased collaboration in various sectors, with a particular focus on tourism.

Sri Lanka’s current political and financial stability presents promising opportunities for Kuwaiti investors seeking to explore the island’s burgeoning tourism industry.

This engagement aligns with President Dissanayake’s broader strategy to bolster international partnerships and attract foreign investment to drive economic growth.

By fostering closer ties with nations like Kuwait, Sri Lanka aims to enhance its economic prospects and ensure sustainable development in the coming years.

The discussions with the Kuwaiti Prime Minister are expected to pave the way for future collaborations, contributing to the strengthening of bilateral relations and the realization of shared economic objectives, an official said.

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Nationwide blackout on Sunday was due to mafia or incompetency: activists

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The official explanation that a monkey caused the outage has been widely ridiculed

By Sanath Nanayakkare

Last Sunday’s nationwide power failure in Sri Lanka has sparked significant criticism and speculation, with activists and experts questioning the official explanations provided by the government and the Ceylon Electricity Board (CEB).

The outage, which occurred on Sunday, February 9, 2024, has been attributed by Energy Minister Kumara Jayakody to a monkey colliding with the Panadura grid substation, causing a system imbalance. However, this explanation has been met with skepticism and outright dismissal by various stakeholders.

Malaka Wickramasinghe, Chairman of the Lanka Electricity Employees’ Federation, dismissed the notion (on February 12) that a minor technical failure or a simple short circuit could result in a nationwide blackout. He suggested that there might be an ulterior motive behind the outage, drawing parallels to past incidents where power failures were allegedly used for political leverage. Wickramasinghe pointed out that the government elected in 2015 faced similar issues in 2016, and the president elected in 2022 also encountered problems with power cuts early in his tenure. He emphasized the need for a thorough investigation, possibly involving the Defense Ministry, to uncover the true cause of the outage. Wickramasinghe also highlighted the economic damage caused by such outages and called for affected individuals to be compensated.

M.P.K. Wanigasinghe, Chairman of the National Consumers’ Front, criticized the current government for continuing the policies of the previous administration in the power sector, despite having rejected those policies when they came to power. This, he suggested, indicates a lack of genuine reform or improvement in the sector.

Nandana Udayakumara, Deputy Chairman of the Engineers’ Association, raised concerns about the CEB’s handling of renewable energy (RE) integration. He referenced a 2022 report by the CEB, which indicated that 2,600 megawatts of RE could be added to the grid without issues. However, only 1,400 megawatts have been added so far and the overloading has occurred too soon. Udayakumara suggested that the recent outage might reflect either a bias against renewable energy or incompetence among higher officials in the CEB.

The official explanation that a monkey caused the outage has been widely ridiculed, with many viewing it as an attempt to evade responsibility. The incident has underscored the fragility of Sri Lanka’s power infrastructure and the need for more robust systems and accountability. As the CEB works to restore full capacity to the national grid by February 14, the public and various stakeholders are calling for more transparency and effective solutions to prevent future outages.

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BOC launches ‘Rewardz Plus’ points-based reward scheme for credit cardholders

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The Bank of Ceylon (BOC) recently introduced a points-based rewards scheme, ‘Rewardz Plus,’ aimed at providing added value to its credit cardholders while enhancing customer engagement and loyalty. The launching event of the service, which was held at BOC Head office, was graced by Kavinda De Zoysa Chairman, Russel Fonseka General Manager/ CEO, and corporate and executive management of BOC. Initially rolled out for credit cards, the scheme is designed to encourage increased usage and reward customers through a structured points accumulation and redemption system.

‘Rewardz Plus’ allows credit cardholders to earn points, based on their spending. Customers can redeem their accumulated points through a range of options available via the

rewardzplus.boc.lk.These options include purchasing e-vouchers from registered merchants and service providers, shopping online at selected stores, booking flights and hotels, and offsetting bills at participating merchants.

Speaking on the launch, Deputy General Manager (Product and Banking Development) Mr. Y A Jayathilake of Bank of Ceylon stated, ‘’Introducing ‘Rewardz Plus’ offers our credit cardholders an opportunity to get more value from their everyday spending. This initiative is designed to provide greater flexibility and convenience, allowing customers to redeem points across a variety of options, from travel to shopping and bill payments. We believe this program will encourage increased engagement with our credit card customers while recognizing and rewarding them.”

BOC has been rewarding its payment cards users by way of various programs such as Seasonal discounts and throughout the year discounts at supermarkets, hotels and restaurants. With the introduction of ‘ Rewardz Plus’ the credit card customers will be able to enjoy more benefits in addition to those discount programs.

For over 85 years, Bank of Ceylon has been a cornerstone of Sri Lanka’s financial landscape, connecting individuals and businesses to global opportunities. BOC’s extensive network with over 2,300 touch points spread across the nation, ensures that bank’s customers have convenient access to a wide range of financial services. Moreover BOC was ranked as the only Sri Lankan Bank among the Top 1000 World Banks 2024 and the Banker of the Year 2021,2023 and 2024 by The Banker Magazine UK, The Number 1 Banking Brand in Sri Lanka by Brand Finance Lanka. BOC also received the People’s Banking Services Brand of the year at the SLIM KANTAR Peoples Awards 2024.Internationally, Bank of Ceylon has established a strong presence in key locations such as a Subsidiary in London, UK; branches in Male and Hulhumalé in the Maldives; Chennai, India; and the Seychelles.

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