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Coral reefs at risk of being wiped out in western Indian Ocean
Some of the world’s most picturesque coral reefs are at risk of being wiped out in the next 50 years, said a report by The Guardian.
The report said: A combination of overfishing and climate change threatens these ecosystems of the western Indian Ocean, putting species, economies and human lives on the line.
A swathe of the world’s coral reefs are at high risk of collapse as climate change and overfishing take their toll.
A team of international scientists found that all the reefs of the western Indian Ocean, an area covering Africa’s east coast as well as islands such as the Maldives, are at risk of ecosystem collapse and irreversible damage in the coming years.
As well as being an ecological catastrophe, a collapse of these reefs would also be a humanitarian disaster for the region, with many residents dependent on the reefs for their food and income.
Dr David Obura, the lead author of the study, says, ‘We’ve known for some time that coral reefs are in decline, but now we know more precisely to what degree, and why. This assessment reaffirms the urgency of the interlinked climate and biodiversity crises addressed by COP26 last month in Glasgow, and COP15 in a few months in Kunming.
‘We need to take decisive action to address both global threats to corals from climate change, and local ones, such as overfishing.’
The study, led by scientists at Coastal Oceans Research and Development in the Indian Ocean (CORDIO) was published in Nature Sustainability.
The Indian Ocean is the world’s third largest ocean, spanning from the east coast of Africa to the western shores of Australia.
Due to its position along the equator, it is home to almost half of the world’s coral reefs, primarily around Indonesia, Australia and India.
However, the western half of the ocean still has a significant amount of biodiversity, with countries such as Madagascar, Mozambique and the Seychelles estimated to each have hundreds of species of coral.
These support a wealth of fish, with island nations like the Maldives having over a thousand species found in their waters. Fisheries are incredibly important to the region’s economy to such an extent that if these seas were a country, they would represent the fourth-largest economy in the western Indian Ocean.
The reefs also provide food security for the people that live in the region and provide added benefits as a draw for tourists.
However, the exploitation of the ocean has led the fragile ecosystems found there to the brink of collapse. Fishing from both countries within and outside the region is one of the leading causes, followed by oil extraction and climate change.
To assess the state of these corals, they were assessed using the International Union for the Conservation of Nature’s (IUCN) Red List of Ecosystems. While similar to the red list for animal species which assesses their vulnerability to extinction, it instead asks how close the ecosystem is to collapse.
The answer was that the region’s reefs are perilously close to the edge.
The scientists compiled their report by splitting the reefs across the western Pacific into 11 sub-regions, running north up the east coast of Africa from Kenya to South Africa and east to the island states of the Seychelles and Mauritius.
Each area was assessed individually for its status, allowing the researchers to know the state of around 5% of the world’s reefs.
They found that all sub-regions were at risk of collapse, with reefs around island nations with unique biodiversity, such as the Comoros and the Mascarene Islands, assessed as Critically Endangered.
The same assessment was given for east and south Madagascar, though its north and west coasts were found to be less threatened and judged instead to be Endangered.
The greatest threat to these island reef systems was climate change, which is causing ocean temperatures to rise in the shallow waters in which tropical corals thrive. Rising temperatures put the corals more at risk of bleaching and being unable to recover.
The situation was better on the continental African coast, where the entire stretch was assessed to be Vulnerable. Here, overfishing was found to pose the greatest threat to the reefs.
‘We detected overfishing of top predators on all the reefs from which we had data,’ said co-author Mishal Gudka. ‘These results highlight the need to improve local fisheries management to ensure the health of reef systems and secure sustainable fish stocks, which support jobs for a quarter of a million people in the region.’
The scientists hope that similar assessments will be carried out for the rest of the world’s reefs using the same framework they have, providing a stocktake of the world’s coral. By knowing the state of these ecosystems, the scientists hope that politicians will take the necessary steps to pull coral reefs back from the brink.
“US, UK sanctions effectively prevented me from travelling to other countries as well”
Former GOC of the 58 Division General Shavendra Silva yesterday (18) found fault with successive governments since 2009 for failing to counter unsubstantiated war crimes accusations. The failure on the part of them led to punitive international measures against senior officers who spearheaded the offensive against the LTTE, the Gajaba veteran said.
Appearing on Derana 24/7 with Chathura Alwis, the former Chief of Defence Staff (CDS) declared his angst at the country’s failure at political level to address the issues at hand. The most decorated soldier was commenting on the 16th anniversary of the eradication of the LTTE’s conventional military capacity.
Sri Lanka brought the war to a successful conclusion on May 18, 2009, by bringing the entire northern province under government control. LTTE leader Velupillai Prabhakaran was killed in the banks of the Nanthikadal lagoon on the following morning.
Referring to the US travel ban imposed on him, his wife and two daughters in February 2020 and the British sanctions declared in March this year, Gen. Silva said the US and British action had effectively restricted his overseas travel to south Asia.
The UK sanctioned Admiral of the Fleet Wasantha Karannagoda, former Army Commander Jagath Jayasuriya as well as former LTTE battlefield commander Vinayagamoorthy Muralitharan alias Karuna.
Gen. Silva highlighted the protests carried out by pro-LTTE activists in London in February this year targeting Yohani de Silva whose father served as the GOC of 55 Division engaged in the Vanni offensive.
The protest was organised by the Tamil Youth Organisation of the UK.
Responding to another query, Gen. Silva, in his first interview since retirement as CDS on Dec 31, 2024, said that GoCs Gen Jagath Dias (57 Division), Gen. Kamal Gunaratne (53 Division), Maj. Gen. Nandana Udawatte (59 Division), Maj. Gen. Prasanna de Silva (55 Division) and Chagie Gallage as well as those who commanded Task Forces faced punitive international action.
Gen. Silva’s retirement coincided with the abolition of the Office of CDS by the NPP government.
At the onset of the interview, Gen. Silva strongly emphasised the need to celebrate the eradication of terrorism and liberation of the people. The outspoken ex-soldier said that the armed forces and police paid a very heavy price to bring the war to an end, a war that many believed couldn’t be brought to a successful conclusion. Gen. Silva pointed out the absurdity in doing away with military celebration as Sri Lanka still marks the end of WW I and WW 11.
On behalf of all Division and Task Force commanders on the northern front, I take this opportunity to thank officers and men and families of those who paid the supreme sacrifice and the wounded.
Gen. Silva asserted that the armed forces as a whole suffered as a result of their failure to conduct post-war examination of operations undertaken by fighting formations deprived of the opportunity to correctly establish their roles. The former Army Commander said that the other countries always undertook such examinations immediately after the end of operations.
Gen. Silva said that since the end of war the country never made an honest attempt to record the events thereby setting the record straight.
The Yahapalana government co-sponsored the US accountability resolution against the war-winning armed forces in Oct 2015.
Gen. Silva explained that failure on the part of political and military leaderships to reach consensus on a common narrative contributed to the growing international pressure on the country.
Appreciating the NPP government summoning Canadian High Commissioner Eric Walsh over the recent unveiling of so-called Tamil genocide memorial in Ontario, Gen. Silva said that before his retirement he briefed President Anura Kumara Dissanayake regarding the challenges faced on the Geneva front.President Dissanayake promised to look into this matter and take appropriate measures, Gen. Silva said. “I believe the President as promised will address the issues at hand.”
By Shamindra Ferdinando
Ex-HRCSL member:
Human rights lawyer and former member of the Human Rights Commission (HRCSL) Ambika Satkunanathan has warned that the National People’s Power (NPP) will face the prospect of further drop in its vote share in the North and the East in the next Provincial Council polls unless it takes remedial measures.
Asked what would be the likely scenario at the forthcoming Provincial Council polls, Satkunanathan said that she didn’t want to speculate. However, if the NPP failed to acknowledge its mistakes and did not adopt remedial measures, its share of the vote amongst Tamils and Muslims was likely to be further reduced, the civil society activist said.
The Illankai Thamil Arasu Kadchi (ITAK) contested 58 Local Government authorities at the recently concluded election. The ITAK won 40 out of 58 local authorities at the expense of the NPP that secured all northern and eastern electoral districts, except Batticaloa, at the parliamentary polls conducted last November.
The ITAK went it alone at the LG polls in the wake of the collapse of the TNA that served the interests of the LTTE during the war and threw its weight behind retired General Sarath Fonseka at the 2010 presidential election, less than a year after the eradication of the LTTE. General Fonseka secured all predominantly Tamil speaking electoral districts with the TNA backing but lost the election by 1.8 million votes.
Asked what had made the northern and eastern electorates switch allegiance to the ITAK and other Tamil parties within months after voting for NPP at the parliamentary polls, Ambika said: “Tamils have evolved into pragmatic voters and a range of factors likely influenced their vote at the local government election. Firstly, they have not seen any substantive or meaningful movement towards addressing their historical grievances and demands. For instance, instead of releasing lands occupied or that have been appropriated by the state, the government issued a gazette covering 5,940 acres of land in the Northern Province that it is seeking to appropriate. This is being done in what can only be called an insidious manner because they are not using the Land Appropriation Act, which would clearly demonstrate their intent to appropriate but the Land Settlement Ordinance. Where the repeal of the Prevention of Terrorism Act is concerned, they have appointed a committee to study the issue whereas the repeal of the law does not require any further study.
Asked whether the significant gains made by Tamil political parties at the expense of NPP and so-called Anura wave strengthened Tamil nationalism in the North-East, Ambika said President Anura Kumara Dissanayake’s or NPP’s win in the presidential and parliamentary elections is not demonstrative of the weakening of Tamil nationalism and the win of the Tamil parties at the local government elections does not illustrate the strengthening of Tamil nationalism.
This is because, like in the 2010 Presidential election, the pragmatic Tamil vote, which to the external observer may seem like abandonment of their historical demands, in the eyes of the community is a way of safeguarding the community at that instance and making the best of a bad situation. It in no way means they have given up their historical demands. Also, Tamil nationalism over the years has taken on many forms and the electoral choice is not always a reliable indicator of it, she said.
Tamil political sources said that the ITAK would go it alone at the Provincial Council polls. Sources said that the ITAK would seek to consolidate its position against the backdrop of recent electoral success after significant setbacks in last Sept and November at national elections.
By Shamindra Ferdinando
Parliament will meet from Tuesday (20) to Friday (23), according to Secretary General Kushani Rohanadeera.The decision was made at the Committee on Parliamentary Business meeting held last Friday under the chairmanship of Speaker Dr. Jagath Wickramanayake.
The sittings will open on Tuesday (20) at 9.30 am with business under Standing Order 22(1) to (6), followed by an hour of oral questions. Statements by party leaders under Standing Order 27(2) are scheduled for 11 am, ahead of a debate on the Order under the Excise (Special Provisions) Act, which will run until 5 pm. The day’s proceedings will close with a half-hour debate on an Opposition-led adjournment motion.
On Wednesday (21), business resumes at 9.30 am, with oral questions at 10 am, followed by questions under Standing Order 27(2). The House will then debate financial regulations issued under the Finance Acts of 2003 and 2018 until 5 pm, before wrapping up with a session on the adjournment motion.
Thursday’s (22) sitting will follow a similar format, with a key debate on regulations under the Imports and Exports (Control) Act No. 1 of 1969 scheduled from 11.30 am to 5 pm. The Government will table the adjournment motion for the final half-hour of the day.
On Friday (23), after the usual question sessions, the House will take up the second reading of the Code of Criminal Procedure (Amendment) Bill, with the debate running from 11.30 am to 5 pm, followed by the closing adjournment motion discussion.
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