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Comment: V V Ganeshananthan’s Brotherless Night

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I ask myself do I dare comment on this author and book that won the 2024 Women’s Prize for Fiction, highly praised and widely written about. I was absorbed in the book last week and felt I had to write about it and my reaction to it.

Prize

This British prize was conceptualized in 1992 by a group of publishing industry professionals including journalists and librarians, and founded in 1996 by Kate Mosse CBE, novelist and playwright. This year a prize for nonfiction was also instituted. The winners were announced at a ceremony in Bedford Square Gardens, central London, with Naomi Klein winning the first Non Fiction Prize for her Doppelganager. V V Ganeshananthan goes as a Sri Lankan Tamil although born and nurtured in the US where her father migrated for further medical training and moved to Bethesda, Maryland. VV’s prize was pounds sterling 30,000 anonymously endowed, and the bronze statuette known as ‘Bessie’.

Author

V V Ganeshananthan does not reveal what the double Vs stand for. However, I found ‘Sugi’ inserted in her name, maybe abbreviation of her first name. I refer to her as VVG.

She was born in Connecticut, USA, in 1980. Her entire education was in America, her first degree earned in Harvard in 2002 and then Masters from Columbia Graduate School of Journalism. She is a journalist, essayist and of course novelist, her first book being Love Marriage which was published in April 2008 by Random House and named one of Washington Post’s World’s Best Books of the Year. It was also long listed for the Orange Prize.

She took 20 years to write Brotherless Night which necessitated much research and interviews, I suppose, with people who were in Sri Lanka during the infamous black day of July 23, 1983, and thereafter during the civil war. Her book is a first person record through Sashikala of all these times, and accurate. Nowhere in her biographies is it said she herself was in Sri Lanka. They are short and nothing much is revealed of her personal life except professionally – teaching creative writing in prestigious universities.

Prize winning book

The Chair of Judges which awarded VVG the Women’s Prize for Fiction 2024, Monica Ali said: “Brotherless Night is a brilliant, compelling and deeply moving novel that bears witness to the intimate and epic-scale tragedies of the Sri Lankan civil war. In rich, evocative prose, Ganeshananthan creates a vivid sense of time and place and an indelible cast of characters. Her commitment to complexity and clear-eyed moral scrutiny combined with spell binding story telling renders Brotherless Night a masterpiece of historical fiction.” I totally agree with this multi-faceted justified praise.

The narrator is Sashikala Kulenthiran, 16 when the story starts, daughter of a government surveyor often out of home and a strong mother. Brothers are Niranjan – ‘Periannai’ – 25, just passed out doctor in Peradeniya; Dayalan 19, novel reading worker in the Jaffna Library; fiery Seelan 17, in college in the AL class; and younger to her Aran, 13.

The story of the Kulenthiran family and Sri Lankan history starts in Jaffna in 1981. The book is in five parts. Within each Part are chapters with titles usually of the place in which the incidents occur and dates. It spans the start of racial tensions and includes much of what happens in Jaffna till 1989. Then the end of the civil war is documented with questions focused on how many civilians died –conscripted as a human shield by the retreating LTTE leadership and shot by the LTTE and by the SL armed forces – 2009.

The very beginning of the novel is attention grabbing, innovative yet so simple, but it clutches the reader hard and lets him/her off only when the last page is read and the Prologue re-read. Part One carries the title and subtitle: A Near Invisible Scar – The boys with the Jaffna Eyes -Jaffna 1981. Its first sentence: “I met the first terrorist I knew when he was deciding to become one. K and his family lived down the road from me and mine…” Sashikala toppled a kettle of steaming water on herself and this neighbor – named only by initial K – runs in and breaks eggs over her scalded stomach. Then or earlier his fascination over her had taken hold. He sacrifices it all, his brilliance, even his medical education, to join the Movement. Her devotion to him is unwavering and lifelong with nothing to sustain or nurture it. Only once does he hold her hand to walk to the university when she is a medical student and he a high ranking LTTEer; to request a favour.

The entire story is meant to be read as a first hand detailing. Sashi is taken to Colombo by Niranjan to do her ALs to enter medical college. While living with her grandmother who’s late husband was a doctor, the July 83 riots occur. Thus the author, through Sashi, is able to give an authentic, first hand sounding description of what occurs. Niranjan, most adored by her, is killed by a Sinhala mob. She and her Ammammah are rescued by Sinhalese neighbours as the mob torches their home. They are taken to a refugee camp and then to Jaffna by boat.

Sashi enters the Jaffna University Medical Faculty. There she meets the much admired and respected anatomy lecturer, just returned from further studies in UK. Anjali is thinly veiled Rajini Tiranagama though Anjali retains her Tamil surname and lives with Varathan; possibly meant to be Rajan Hoole. They write true, unbiased reports of happenings in Jaffna and the region which are secretly disseminated to Colombo, even overseas. (I remember the University Teachers for Human Rights (Jaffna) pamphlets/reports that at first were almost smuggled in to the HR Library in Colombo I worked in).

Sashi’s return to Jaffna means she reports all the turmoil of the place from the rise of the LTTE which her two older brothers Dayalan and Seelan join. Aran is totally opposed and later moves to Colombo to reach his aim of engineering.

She is in the thick of the fast unto death of K, promoted by the lecturer T. K wants her to be beside him. His demand is for the IPKF to leave Jaffna, release of LTTE prisoners etc. He refuses even water. It is paradoxical as the LTTE is an armed terrorist group calling themselves freedom fighters. but on killing sprees, and here is one of their leaders undertaking a Gandhian fast. Ambassador J N Dixit visits Jaffna but does not offer K a drink as requested by Prabhakaran.

Sashi has been working very much in the field hospital manned by mostly medical students, treating both LTTE cadres and civilians. Seelan arranges for Sashi to migrate to the UK holding a false passport. As she awaits boarding at Katunayake, she runs out and returns to Jaffna and then hears of Anjali having been taken away by the LTTE. She is shot in the back as she is made to walk in a jungle area at night. Different in details from how Rajini T was shot as she cycled home from university. The attack on the Army Commander is also given but differently. A raped girl who Sashi treats and is now pregnant from the rape comes to Colombo and in a high rise building blows herself and one of her army rapists.

My comments

Most certainly Brotherless Night is ‘blazingly brilliant’ and ‘beautiful, heartbreaking’ as is written on the cover of the book published by Penguin. You can read all the praising comments written by distinguished reviewers.

One critic did not much favour the completely linear style of narration. I loved it. VVG goes on with the story, detail by detail, chronologically with dates given. This is a pleasing change from modern writing which aims often at complexity of structure and style. VVG’s style of writing and language are easy flowing but very often scintillating, as a critic has said. Her description of K’s death as Sashi sits by him and tends to him is superb. Not only does she make us see the entire scene of crowds surrounding the stage where K is lying with her beside dodging cameras, with a doctor at hand, but with no effort creates pathos and deep sorrow. He dies after 12 days. I googled and found that Rasiah Partheeban alias Thileepan, top LTTEr, died thus after his fast started on 15 September 1987.

As mentioned earlier, VVG manages the plot and structure of the story so that her protagonist Sashikala is present at all the significant occurrences that led to the racial riots in Colombo; the rise of the Boys in Jaffna; cruel elimination of all other political parties like TELO and the travails of civil war as endured in the peninsula. The end of the war is not detailed as Sashi is overseas; merely mentioned. But the question of human rights weighs in.

Best and minor minuses

One thing needs mentioning by a Sinhalese woman who lived through all the troubles in Colombo (me). VVG is completely unbiased and mentions the crimes of the LTTE, IPKF and the GoSL. She balances extremely dexterously on the high wire she traverses with these forces beside her. The feeling I got was that she was more censorious of the LTTE. She cannot but condemn their brutality and the utterly useless waste of Tamil youth. She does not mention child soldiers no women cadres , though in passing she mentions Anton Balasingham and wife.

The minor complaint I have is how Sashikala is suddenly a doctor and in the US with no details given. Maybe the author felt they were not necessary. However Sashi’s escape to UK (which she aborted) was very detailed – her false Malaysian passport, visa etc.

Another described incident I got stuck at, unbelieving, was her meeting a person she knew at the UN and at Seelan’s bidding (he is in NY) asks the VIP to intervene on behalf of the Tamil civilians cornered in the Nandikadal area and negotiate their release. He says he is helpless.

I have taken objection to writers who lived safe and far removed in the West and wrote about our travails. I secretly thought it was for fame and gain. Not at all so with VVG’s book. It is valuable and historical.I urge you Reader, if you have not done so already, to read Brotherless Night. Maybe after, read Manuka Wijesinghe’s Like Moths to the Flame – fictionalized but mostly true life of Prabhakaran.



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Features

BRICS’ pushback against dollar domination sparks global economic standoff

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BRICS leaders at the recent Summit in Brazil. /United Nations

If one were to look for a ‘rationale’ for the Trump administration’s current decision to significantly raise its tariffs on goods and services entering its shores from virtually the rest of the world, then, it is a recent statement by US Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent that one needs to scrutinize. He is quoted as saying that tariffs could return ‘to April levels, if countries fail to strike a deal with the US.’

In other words, countries are urged to negotiate better tariff rates with the US without further delay if they are not to be at the receiving end of the threatened new tariff regime and its disquieting conditions. An unemotional approach to the questions at hand is best.

It would be foolish on the part of the rest of the world to dismiss the Trump administration’s pronouncements on the tariff question as empty rhetoric. In this crisis there is what may be called a not so veiled invitation to the world to enter into discussions with the US urgently to iron out what the US sees as unfair trade terms. In the process perhaps mutually acceptable terms could be arrived at between the US and those countries with which it is presumably having costly trade deficits. The tariff crisis, therefore, should be approached as a situation that necessitates earnest, rational negotiations between the US and its trading partners for the resolving of outstanding issues.

Meanwhile, the crisis has brought more into the open simmering antagonisms between the US and predominantly Southern groupings, such as the BRICS. While the tariff matter figured with some urgency in the recent BRICS Summit in Brazil, it was all too clear that the biggest powers in the grouping were in an effort ‘to take the fight back to the US’ on trade, investment and connected issues that go to the heart of the struggle for global predominance between the East and the US. In this connection the term ‘West’ would need to be avoided currently because the US is no longer in complete agreement with its Western partners on issues of the first magnitude, such as the Middle East, trade tariffs and Ukraine.

Russian President Putin is in the forefront of the BRICS pushback against US dominance in the world economy. For instance, he is on record that intra-BRICS economic interactions should take place in national currencies increasingly. This applies in particular to trade and investment. Speaking up also for an ‘independent settlement and depository system’ within BRICS, Putin said that the creation of such a system would make ‘currency transactions faster, more efficient and safer’ among BRICS countries.

If the above and other intra-BRICS arrangements come to be implemented, the world’s dependence on the dollar would steadily shrink with a corresponding decrease in the power and influence of the US in world affairs.

The US’ current hurry to bring the world to the negotiating table on economic issues, such as the tariff question, is evidence that the US has been fully cognizant of emergent threats to its predominance. While it is in an effort to impress that it is ‘talking’ from a position of strength, it could very well be that it is fearful for its seemingly number one position on the world stage. Its present moves on the economic front suggest that it is in an all-out effort to keep its global dominance intact.

At this juncture it may be apt to observe that since ‘economics drives politics’, a less dollar dependent world could very well mark the beginning of the decline of the US as the world’s sole super power. One would not be exaggerating by stating that the tariff issue is a ‘pre-emptive’, strategic move of sorts by the US to remain in contention.

However, the ‘writing on the wall’ had been very manifest for the US and the West for quite a while. It is no longer revelatory that the global economic centre of gravity has been shifting from the West to the East.

Asian scholarship, in particular, has been profoundly cognizant of the trends. Just a few statistics on the Asian economic resurgence would prove the point. Parag Khanna in his notable work, ‘The Future is Asian’, for example, discloses the following: ‘Asia represents 50 percent of global GDP…It accounts for half of global economic growth. Asia produces and exports as well as imports and consumes more goods than any region.’

However, the US continues to be number one in the international power system currently and non-Western powers in particular would be erring badly if they presume that the economic health of the world and connected matters could be determined by them alone. Talks with the US would not only have to continue but would need to be conducted with the insight that neither the East nor the West would stand to gain by ignoring or glossing over the US presence.

To be sure, any US efforts to have only its way in the affairs of the world would need to be checked but as matters stand, the East and the South would need to enter into judicious negotiations with the US to meet their legitimate ends.

From the above viewpoint, it could be said that Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi was one of the most perceptive of Southern leaders at the BRICS Summit. On assuming chairmanship of the BRICS grouping, Modi said, among other things: ‘…During our chairmanship of BRICS, we will take this forum forward in the spirit of people-centricity and humanity first.’

People-centricity should indeed be the focus of BRICS and other such formations of predominantly the South, that have taken upon themselves to usher the wellbeing of people, as opposed to that of power elites and ruling classes.

East and West need to balance each other’s power but it all should be geared towards the wellbeing of ordinary people everywhere. The Cold War years continue to be instructive for the sole reason that the so-called ordinary people in the Western and Soviet camps gained nothing almost from the power jousts of the big powers involved. It is hoped that BRICS would grow steadily but not at the cost of democratic development.

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Features

Familian Night of Elegance …

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The UK branch of the Past Pupils Association of Holy Family Convent Bambalapitiya went into action last month with their third grand event … ‘Familian Night of Elegance.’ And, according to reports coming my way, it was nothing short of a spectacular success.

This dazzling evening brought together over 350 guests who came to celebrate sisterhood, tradition, and the deep-rooted bonds shared by Familians around the world.

Describing the event to us, Inoka De Sliva, who was very much a part of the scene, said:

Inoka De Silva: With one of the exciting prizes – air ticket to Canada and back to the UK

“The highlight of the night was the performance by the legendary Corrine Almeida, specially flown in from Sri Lanka. Her soulful voice lit up the room, creating unforgettable memories for all who attended. She was backed by the sensational UK-based band Frontline, whose energy and musical excellence kept the crowd on their feet throughout the evening.”

Corrine
Almeida:
Created
unforgettable
memories

Inoka, who now resides in the UK, went on to say that the hosting duties were flawlessly handled by the ever popular DJ and compere Vasi Sachi, who brought his trademark style and charisma to the stage, while his curated DJ sets, during the breaks, added fun and a modern vibe to the atmosphere.

Mrs. Rajika Jesuthasan: President of the UK
branch of the Past Pupils Association of
Holy Family Convent Bambalapitiya
(Pix by Mishtré Photography’s Trevon Simon

The event also featured stunning dance performances that captivated the audience and elevated the celebration with vibrant cultural flair and energy.

One of the most appreciated gestures of the evening was the beautiful satin saree given to every lady upon arrival … a thoughtful and elegant gift that made all feel special.

Guests were also treated to an impressive raffle draw with 20 fantastic prizes, including air tickets.

The Past Pupils Association of Holy Family Convent Bambalapitiya, UK branch, was founded by Mrs. Rajika Jesuthasan née Rajakarier four years ago, with a clear mission: to bring Familians in the UK together under one roof, and to give back to their beloved alma mater.

As the curtain closed on another successful Familian celebration, guests left with hearts full, and spirits high, and already counting down the days until the next gathering.

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The perfect tone …

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We all want to have flawless skin, yet most people believe that the only way to achieve that aesthetic is by using costly skin care products.

Getting that perfect skin is not that difficult, even for the busiest of us, with the help of simple face beauty tips at home.

Well, here are some essential ways that will give you the perfect tone without having to go anywhere.

Ice Cubes to Tighten Skin:

Applying ice cubes to your skin is a fast and easy effective method that helps to reduce eye bags and pores, and makes the skin look fresh and beautiful. Using an ice cube on your face, as a remedy in the morning, helps to “revive” and prepare the skin.

*  Oil Cleansing for Skin:

Use natural oils, like coconut oil or olive oil, to cleanse your skin. Oils can clean the face thoroughly, yet moisturise its surface, for they remove dirt and excess oil without destroying the skin’s natural barriers. All one has to do is pick a specific oil, rub it softly over their face, and then wipe it off, using a warm soak (cloth soaked in warm water). It is a very simple method for cleaning the face.

* Sugar Scrub:

Mix a tablespoon of sugar with honey, or olive oil, to make a gentle scrub. Apply it in soft, circular motions, on your face and wash it off after a minute. This helps hydrate your skin by eliminating dead skin cells, which is the primary purpose of the scrub.

*  Rose Water Toner:

One natural toner that will soothe and hydrate your skin is rose water. Tightening pores, this water improves the general texture of your skin. This water may be applied gently to the face post-cleansing to provide a soothing and hydrating effect to your face.

* Aloe Vera:

It is well known that aloe vera does wonders for the skin. It will provide alleviation for the skin, because of its calming and moisturising effects. The application of aloe vera gel, in its pure form, to one’s skin is beneficial as it aids in moisturising each layer, prevents slight skin deformity, and also imparts a fresh and healthy look to the face. Before going to bed is the best time to apply aloe vera.

Water:

Staying hydrated, by drinking plenty of water (06 to 08 cups or glasses a day), helps to flush toxins and its functions in detoxification of the body, and maintenance the youthfulness of the skin in one’s appearance.

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